| 词条 | Afqarshe |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = Khusuusi | honorific_suffix = Darwiish |name = Abdi Afqarshe |image = |caption = |citizenship = | era = Scramble for Africa | nationality= Darwiish |birth_date = 1860s |birth_place = Xudun, Dhulbahante Sultanate |death_place = Midhisho fort |death_date = 1920 |occupation = Spokesman Minister of propaganda |years_active= |native_name = |known_for = |networth = |employer = Sayyid Mohamed Abdullah Hassan |organization= |spouse = |children = }} Abdi Afqarshe was from 1899 to 1904 the spokesperson and the minister of propaganda for the Qusuusi, the governing body of the Darwiish. The Darwiish, also known as the Dervish, fought to restore the traditional Somali homelands against the combined predations of three colonial powers, Italy, Britain and Ethiopia. Afqarshe's role as spokesperson was prior to 1905, when the leader of the movement, Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, took on the role of the chief communicator. Afqarshe was killed in 1920, during the final phase of the Somaliland Campaign, in an air raid by British forces. Personal lifeAfqarshe was born to the Aden Naleeye sub-clan of the Dhulbahante. He as well as 30 other people died on 21st of January 1920 during the 3-day air raids of the Midishi fort by the British Royal Air Force. He was the most senior Darwiish figure to die at the fort alongside Caamir Cagoole, who was the Sayyid Hassan's uncle.[1] His grandson, Saleebaan Afqarshe, became a moonlighter (various careers) including multiple teaching positions from chemistry, maths and physics, to mentoring, radio broadcaster, film editor, journalist, procurer and garaad (clan elder). He also worked as foreign secretary of SSDF, and joined SNM although he later berated the clannish nature of both. Abdi Afqarshe's surname, which means mouth hider was acquired when he became a khusuusi (Darwiish minister), due to his habit of covering his face during military expeditions against European and Abyssinian colonial expansionists.[2] OratoryAlthough after 1904 Sayyid Hassan acted as the chief communicator of the Darwiish movement's objectives, prior to that, people such as Afqarshe were employed by him primarily by their poetic abilities. From 1905 onwards, the other oraters besides Sayyid Hassan were ordered to make their oratures inconspicuous and thereby subordinate to those by Sayyid Hassan himself[3]. PropagandistA notable example of poetic utterances by Afqarshe include the offer of reconciliation with Majeerteen Sultan Ismaan in 1902 in an effort to import ammunition from the Majeerteen coast. Afqarshe narrated the following[4][5]: {{quote|The first wishes the travelers a safe journey home; O guests sojourning among us, on the morrow you'll depart, Salaams be with you as you follow the fleeting dawn, Gifts of heart, endearments do follow you, Over endless plains and rocky hills, dawn marches and dark hikes. Dangerous the road is. May Allah see you through. But two eight-days and you'll be at the coast, When they who've waited for you extend hearty greetings, If they press in on you for news while you are exhausted and unable to speak, In your fatigue, pray, do not misrepresent us to the Sultan. Uncles, as we've requested, take kind words from us, Lest you forget; do greet the Sultan for us}}Another narration includes Afqarshe's recollection of events pertaining to defeating British colonel Eric Swayne in 1902 at the second expedition: {{quote|Say: on the bed of river Eerago when tumultuous the skies were, rifles and maxim guns, the day bullets were exchanged, the day that vultures perched lazily on the ribs of British infidels, the day the cowardly whites fell back and fled.}}In an alternate account of events of defeating Swayne, Afqarshe criticizes the British and Italian colonialists, and Somali tribes which expressed acquiescence to the status of colonizee: {{quote|A message from Allah this contention was. Oh, how the English and the servile iidoor were humiliated; how their flesh and bones were fed to the beasts. Say, a line of troops was slaughtered as sacrificed lambs; Say, "bad-eye" was struck in the neck in broad daylight; Say, the uncircumcised sergeants inferno has claimed, and of bullets and guns, a fine haul we made. Oh, how the unbelievers fled in headlong panic! Brothers-in-law, go and proclaim all this from coast to coast. Shout for joy and drive the Italians from your side.}}He also endorsed the Salahiyya religious denomination he was a part of: {{quote|Now, a word to the house of the Sultan: This Saalihiya religion - it will make us all equals; love and friendship [through Saalihiya] Allah will help us exchange. Let not Somali gossip-mongers [members of the rival Qaadiriya] drive us apart!}}References1. ^War and peace: an anthology of Somali literature, Axmed Aw Geeddi, Ismaciil Aw Aadan. (2009): 18-33 2. ^No Easy Way Out: Traditional Authorities in Somaliland and the Limits of Hybrid Political Orders, p 25 3. ^Andrzejewski, B. W. "Developments in the study of Somali poetry, 1981-1986." Northeast African Studies (1988): 1-13. 4. ^Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism, Said S Samatar 5. ^Samatar, Said S. "Maxamad Cabdille Xasan of Somalia: The Search for the Real Mullah." Northeast African Studies (1979): 60-76. 2 : Somali nationalists|Somalian politicians |
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