词条 | Vince Cable |
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|honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable |name = Sir Vince Cable |honorific-suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|MP}} |image = Official portrait of Sir Vince Cable crop 2.jpg |office = Leader of the Liberal Democrats |president = Sal Brinton |deputy = Jo Swinson |term_start = 20 July 2017 |term_end = |predecessor = Tim Farron |successor = |president1 = Simon Hughes |term_start1 = 15 October 2007 |term_end1 = 18 December 2007 {{small|Acting}} |predecessor1 = Menzies Campbell |successor1 = Nick Clegg |office2 = Liberal Democrat Spokesperson for the Treasury |leader2 = Tim Farron |term_start2 = 8 May 2017 |term_end2 = 20 July 2017 |predecessor2 = The Baroness Kramer |successor2 = The Baroness Kramer |leader3 = Charles Kennedy Menzies Campbell Nick Clegg |term_start3 = 12 June 2003 |term_end3 = 11 May 2010 |predecessor3 = Matthew Taylor |successor3 = Danny Alexander {{small|(2015)}}{{Ref label|aaa|a}} |office4 = Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills President of the Board of Trade |primeminister4 = David Cameron |term_start4 = 12 May 2010 |term_end4 = 11 May 2015 |predecessor4 = The Lord Mandelson |successor4 = Sajid Javid |office5 = Liberal Democrat Spokesperson for Business, Innovation and Skills |term_start5 = 7 January 2015 |term_end5 = 11 May 2015 |leader5 = Nick Clegg |predecessor5 = The Viscount Thurso {{small|(2010)}}{{Ref label|bbb|b}} |successor5 = The Baroness Burt of Solihull |office6 = Deputy Leader of the Liberal Democrats |leader6 = Menzies Campbell Nick Clegg |term_start6 = 2 March 2006 |term_end6 = 26 May 2010 |predecessor6 = Menzies Campbell |successor6 = Simon Hughes |office7 = Liberal Democrat Spokesperson for Trade and Industry |leader7 = Charles Kennedy |term_start7 = 9 August 1999 |term_end7 = 12 June 2003 |predecessor7 = David Chidgey |successor7 = Malcolm Bruce |office8 = Member of Parliament for Twickenham |term_start8 = 9 June 2017 |term_end8 = |predecessor8 = Tania Mathias |successor8 = |majority8 = 9,762 (14.7%) |term_start9 = 1 May 1997 |term_end9 = 30 March 2015 |predecessor9 = Toby Jessel |successor9 = Tania Mathias |birth_name = John Vincent Cable |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1943|5|9|df=y}} |birth_place = York, England |death_date = |death_place = |party = Liberal Democrats {{small|(1988–present)}} |otherparty = Liberal {{small|(Before 1965)}} Labour {{small|(1966–1982)}} Social Democrats {{small|(1982–1988)}} |spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|Olympia Rebelo |1968|2001|end=d}}|{{marriage|Rachel Smith |2004}}}} |children = 3 |alma_mater = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge}}|University of Glasgow}} |website = {{url|vincecable.org|Official website}} |signature = Signature of Vince Cable.png |footnotes = {{small|a. {{note|aaa}}Office vacant from 12 May 2010 to 7 January 2015.}} {{small|b. {{note|bbb}}Office vacant from 12 May 2010 to 7 January 2015.}} |module = {{Listen |embed = yes |title = Cable's voice |filename = Vincent Cable BBC Radio4 Desert Island Discs 18 January 2009 b00gq4n2.flac |type = speech |description = from the BBC programme Desert Island Discs, 18 January 2009[1]}} }} Sir John Vincent Cable (born 9 May 1943) is a British politician serving as Leader of the Liberal Democrats since 2017 and Member of Parliament for Twickenham from 1997 to 2015 and since 2017. He was the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills from 2010 to 2015. Cable studied economics at the Universities of Cambridge and Glasgow, then worked as an economic adviser to the Government of Kenya between 1966 and 1968, and to the Commonwealth Secretary-General in the 1970s and 1980s. From 1968 to 1974 he lectured in economics at Glasgow University. He served as Chief Economist for Shell from 1995 to 1997. Cable was active in the Labour Party in the 1970s, becoming a Labour councillor in Glasgow. In 1982, he defected to the newly formed Social Democratic Party, which later amalgamated with the Liberal Party to form the Liberal Democrats, and he stood unsuccessfully for parliament in the general elections of 1970, 1983, 1987, and 1992 before being elected for Twickenham in 1997. Cable became the Liberal Democrats' Treasury Spokesman in June 2003 and was elected as Deputy Leader in March 2006, serving as Acting Leader for two months in 2007 from Menzies Campbell's resignation until the election of Nick Clegg on 18 December. Cable resigned from both of these positions in May 2010 after becoming Business Secretary and President of the Board of Trade in the Cameron–Clegg coalition government.[2] Following the 2017 snap election and the resignation of Tim Farron, Cable stood in the 2017 Liberal Democrats leadership election and was elected unopposed.[3] Cable has recently announced that he will resign as Leader of the Liberal Democrats in May 2019.[4] Early life and educationCable was born in York, to a working-class Conservative-supporting family.[5] His father, Len, was a craftsman for Rowntree's, and his mother, Edith, packed chocolates for Terry's.[5][6] Cable attended Nunthorpe Grammar School. He then attended Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, where he initially studied Natural Sciences and later switched to Economics.[7] He was the President of the Cambridge Union in 1965. He was also a committee member and later President-elect of the Cambridge University Liberal Club, but he resigned from the Liberal Party before taking up the office of President.[8] Whilst at Cambridge, he was a contemporary of the Cambridge Mafia.[9] In 1966, at the end of his studies at the University of Cambridge, Cable was appointed as an Overseas Development Institute Fellow (ODI Nuffield Fellow) working in Kenya.[10] He graduated in 1973 with a PhD degree in Economics from the University of Glasgow on economic integration and industrialisation.[11] Economics careerCable lectured for a time at the University of Glasgow and was a Visiting Research Fellow at the Centre for the Study of Global Governance at the London School of Economics, for a three-year period until 2004.[12] In 2016, Cable was made Honorary Professor of Economics at the University of Nottingham.[13] From 1966 to 1968, he was a Treasury Finance Officer to the Kenyan Government.[14] In 1969, he visited Central America as a researcher on the recently formed Central American Common Market.[15] From the early to mid-1970s, Cable served as First Secretary under Hugh Carless in the Latin American department of the Foreign Office. He was involved in a CBI trade mission to South America at this time, engaging in six months of commercial diplomacy.[17] In the late 1970s, he was special adviser to John Smith when the latter was Trade Secretary. He was an adviser to the UK Government and then to the Commonwealth Secretary-General Shridath "Sonny" Ramphal in the 1970s and 1980s.[16] Cable served in an official capacity at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting of 1983 in Delhi, witnessing "private sessions at first hand" involving Indira Gandhi, then-Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, Lee Kuan Yew, and Bob Hawke among others. He was also present at the summits of 1985, 1987, and 1989.[17] In the same period, he contributed to the Brandt Commission, the Palme Commission, and the UN's Brundtland Commission.[17] From the 1980s onwards, Cable authored and co-wrote numerous publications in favour of globalisation, free trade, and economic integration such as Protectionism and Industrial Decline, The Commerce of Culture, and Developing with Foreign Investment. Cable worked for the oil company Royal Dutch Shell from 1990 to 1997, serving as its Chief Economist between 1995 and 1997. His role at Shell came under scrutiny as the company was accused of playing a role in a turbulent era of Nigerian politics during the dictatorship of General Sani Abacha.[18][19] In 2017, Cable became a strategic advisor on the World Trade Board for the annual World Trade Symposium co-organised by Misys and FT Live.[20][21] Political career{{See also|Electoral history of Vince Cable}}Early yearsAt university, Cable was a member of the Liberal Party but then joined the Labour Party in 1966. In 1970, he contested Glasgow Hillhead for Labour, but failed to unseat the sitting Conservative MP, Tam Galbraith. The same year, Cable stood for election to Glasgow District Council in the Partick West ward, but failed to be elected. He became a Labour councillor in 1971, representing Maryhill ward, and stood down in 1974. In 1979, he sought the Labour Party nomination for Hampstead, losing to Ken Livingstone, who was unsuccessful in taking the seat.[22] In February 1982, he defected to the recently created Social Democratic Party (SDP). He was the SDP-Liberal Alliance parliamentary candidate for his home city of York in both the 1983 and 1987 general elections. Following the 1988 merger of the SDP and the Liberal Party, he finished in second place at the 1992 general election to Conservative MP Toby Jessel in the Twickenham constituency, by 5,711 votes.[22] Member of Parliament (1997–2015)Cable entered the House of Commons after defeating sitting Conservative MP Toby Jessel in the Twickenham constituency in his second attempt, at the 1997 general election. He subsequently increased his majority at the elections of 2001, 2005 and increased still further in 2010. He lost his seat in 2015, but regained it at the snap election in 2017. In 2004, Cable was a contributor to the economically liberal Orange Book, which advocated for policies such as greater private sector involvement in higher education and healthcare.[23][24][25][26] However, he has described himself as being a social democrat,[27] as well as an "open markets" liberal,[28] and stated his desire to reconcile "economic liberalism with wider moral values and social justice".[29] Following the Orange Book, Cable was one of several Lib Dem MPs who oversaw the party's shift towards economic liberalism with the adoption of a more free market approach,[30][31] a development which was suggested by some as having helped lead to the 2010 coalition with the Conservatives.[25][23] In 2005, as Liberal Democrat Treasury spokesperson, he suggested the possibility of the party dropping its commitment to a 50p top rate of income tax, supported exempting people on low income from income tax completely, and explored the possibility of a flat tax, with the former two proposals later becoming party policy.[32][33] Also in 2005, he said that there was no future for the Liberal Democrats to the left of New Labour.[34] He was critical of what he considered the Labour government's slow response to cutting government waste, later accusing Labour of allowing a "writhing nest" of quangos to develop.[35][36][37] Prior to the 2005 Liberal Democrat party conference, Cable did not rule out the possibility that the Lib Dems might form a coalition government with the Conservatives in the event of a hung parliament at the forthcoming general election. However, party leader Charles Kennedy said that the Lib Dems would remain an "independent political force".[38] In late-2005 or early-2006, Cable presented Charles Kennedy a letter signed by eleven out of the twenty-three frontbenchers, including himself, expressing a lack of confidence in Kennedy's leadership of the Liberal Democrats. On 5 January 2006, because of pressure from his frontbench team and an ITN News report documenting his alcoholism, Charles Kennedy announced a leadership election in which he pledged to stand for re-election. However, he resigned on 7 January. Cable did not run for the party leadership, instead supporting Menzies Campbell's candidacy.[39] ExpensesA Twickenham resident, Cable commuted by train into Central London daily and so claimed the "London Supplement" instead of the Additional Costs Allowance. However, the Daily Telegraph reported in May 2009 that he had been unaware that he was entitled to the London Supplement and so in 2004 wrote to the Fees Office to ask if he could receive retrospective payments for 2002–03 and 2003–04. The Fees Office refused the request, informing Cable that these accounts were already closed.[40] When overall MP allowances are ranked, Cable came in 568th for 2007–08 (out of 645 MPs). The Daily Telegraph also noted that he did not take a recent 2.33% salary rise.[40] Deputy Leadership of the Liberal Democrats (2006–2010)Cable won plaudits for his repeated warnings and campaigns on the high level of personal debt in Britain.[41] His was a significant voice of criticism during the Northern Rock crisis, calling for the nationalisation of the bank, capitalising on the claimed indecisiveness of both the Labour Government and Conservative Opposition on the issue. In May 2010, Cable declared his resignation as Deputy Leader to dedicate more time to his Cabinet role as Business Secretary. His responsibilities and authority were somewhat reduced when it was revealed in December 2010 that he had boasted to Daily Telegraph reporters posing as constituents of his "nuclear option" to bring the government down by his resignation. Still worse, he claimed to the reporters that he had "declared war" on Rupert Murdoch of News Corporation despite having the responsibility to impartially arbitrate on the News Corporation bid to acquire the remaining 60.9% of BSkyB it did not already own. Amid cries for his resignation or sacking, all his responsibilities concerning the bid were removed. Cable did not resign.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}} Acting leader of the Liberal Democrats (2007)Following the resignation of Sir Menzies Campbell as Party Leader on 15 October 2007, Cable being Deputy Leader automatically succeeded him as Party Leader, pending a leadership election. He declined to stand for leader, reportedly fearing ageism (Campbell's critics were accused of ageism,[42] and Cable was only 2 years his junior).[43] Cable received significant acclaim during his tenure as Acting Party Leader, with particular praise for his strong performances at Prime Minister's Questions.[44] He was popular in the party and media for his attacks on the government's record over Northern Rock, HMRC's loss of 25,000,000 individuals' child benefit data and the party funding scandal surrounding David Abrahams' secret donations to the Labour Party. The latter attracted for Cable positive media attention for a joke at PMQs describing Gordon Brown's "remarkable transformation in the last few weeks from Stalin to Mr Bean, creating chaos out of order rather than order out of chaos", called by The Economist, "the single best line of Gordon Brown's premiership".[45] Views on the financial crisisCable is credited by some{{who|date=August 2017}} with prescience of the global financial crisis of 2007–2010. In November 2003, Cable asked Gordon Brown, then-Chancellor, "Is not the brutal truth that ... the growth of the British economy is sustained by consumer spending pinned against record levels of personal debt, which is secured, if at all, against house prices that the Bank of England describes as well above equilibrium level?" Brown replied, "As the Bank of England said yesterday, consumer spending is returning to trend. The Governor said, "there is no indication that the scale of debt problems have ... risen markedly in the last five years." He also said that the fraction of household income used up in debt service is lower than it was then."[46] In his book The Storm, Cable writes, "The trigger for the current global financial crisis was the US mortgage market and, indeed, the scale of improvident and unscrupulous lending on that side of the Atlantic dwarfs into insignificance the escapades of our own banks." Cable commented that he had not warned about this: "one of the problems of being a British MP is that you do tend to get rather parochial and I haven't been to the States for years and years, so I wouldn't claim to have any feel for what's been going on there."[47] In September 2008, Cable praised the-then US President George W. Bush for his response to the financial crisis and for attempting to "save Western capitalism." He compared this with Prime Minister Gordon Brown's response which Cable claimed was to be like a "Fairy Godmother" to the banks, and a "sideshow".[48] Cable has also been vocal over the bonus culture in the banking system. He has called for bonuses to all bank employees to be frozen.[49] However, Cable has been criticised by some, mostly Conservatives, for "flip-flopping"[50] on issues in connection with the crisis. For example, he is accused of criticising the Government's policy of Quantitative Easing, when in January 2009 he used the phrase "the Robert Mugabe school of economics",[51] while in March 2009 he said, "directly increasing the amount of money flowing into the economy is now the only clear option".[52] The Liberal Democrats also have responded that he was making the point that QE "needed to be managed with a great deal of care".[53] On the issue of fiscal stimulus, Cable said in October 2008, "it is entirely wrong for the government to assume the economy should be stimulated by yet more public spending rather than tax cuts".[54] In February 2009, however, he said, "we believe – and the Government say that they believe – in the need for a fiscal stimulus. Despite the severe financial constraints on the public sector, we believe that such a stimulus is right and necessary".[55] On the principle of the independence of the Bank of England, Cable said at the 2008 Liberal Democrat party conference, "The Government must not compromise the independence of the Bank of England by telling it to slash interest rates."[56] The following month, though, he called on the Chancellor to urge the Governor of the Bank to make "a large cut in interest rates".[57] The Liberal Democrats have responded that this in no way changes their policy on Bank of England independence.[53] Coalition government minister (2010–2015)At the 2010 general election Cable was again returned as MP for Twickenham. With the election resulting in a hung parliament, Cable was a key figure in coalition talks, particularly the unsuccessful negotiations with the Labour Party. The Liberal Democrats entered a coalition agreement with the Conservative Party on 11 May 2010, and Cable was appointed Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills on 12 May. The Queen approved his appointment as a Privy Counsellor, and he formally joined the Privy Council on 13 May 2010.[58][59][60] In May 2010, Cable insisted the coalition government was not split over planned increases to non-business Capital Gains Tax, which some thought would raise taxes on sales of second homes by 40% or 50%. Senior Conservative MPs attacked the rise as a tax on the middle-classes and a betrayal of Conservative values. Cable said that it was a "key" part of the coalition deal and there was no disagreement over it between the coalition partners.[61] Cable said the changes to Capital Gains Tax would help to fulfill the Lib Dem aim of bringing more "fairness" to the tax system: "It's very important that we have wealth taxed in the same way as income."[61] He continued, {{quote|At present it is quite wrong and it is an open invitation to tax avoidance to have people taxed at 40% or potentially 50% on their income, but only taxed at 18% on capital gains; it leads to large scale tax avoidance so for reasons of fairness and practicality, we have agreed that the capital gains tax system needs to be fundamentally reformed."[61]}}In July 2010, Cable sought to reform credit lines amid a "significant demand" (according to the Forum of Private Business) of smaller firms finding it harder to secure loans. Among a range of proposals published in a green paper, Cable urged banks to limit bonus and dividend payments to "pre-crisis and 2009 levels respectively", the green paper stating that such a move would enable banks to retain £10,000,000,000 of additional capital in 2010 could in turn sustain £50,000,000,000 of new lending.[62] The British left-wing press has been critical of his role in the Coalition Government, from The Guardian[63] to the Morning Star describing him as "the man who started off a Lib Dem and now looks more convincingly Tory than most of the Tory frontbench" for his role in supporting public spending cuts.[64] Beginning in 2010 and continuing throughout the Conservative-Lib Dem coalition's tenure in office, Cable led the drive for deregulation; notably the "Red Tape Challenge" to reduce existing regulation and the "One In, One Out" rule to limit any future regulation, Cable agreeing with the need for a "bonfire of regulations".[65][66] The Guardian dubbed this as "neoliberal" while the response from the business community was largely positive.[67][68] In September 2010, during a speech at the Liberal Democrat conference, Cable said that bankers present more of a threat to Britain than trade unions.[69] After the interim report on banking by John Vickers was published in April 2011, Cable said: "I was very impressed with the quality of the analysis. It does address head on the issue of banks that are too big to fail, the dependency on the government guarantee. It makes the case for separation," he added.[70] In June 2011, Cable said "rewards for failure" were unforgivable at a time when real wages were being squeezed across the country. Speaking at the Association of British Insurers biennial conference, Cable warned he planned to bring "excessive and unjustified" executive pay under control by launching a fresh consultation. He said that although "Britain does have some world-class executives", investors had not seen a return "since the turn of the century" and claimed executive pay was 120 times that of the average UK employee, whereas it was only 45 in 1998.[71] Cable later revealed Government plans that would require companies to publish "more informative remuneration reports" for shareholders. The plans also included binding votes by shareholders on executive pay as well as greater transparency and diversity on boards.[72] In November 2011, Cable announced the first of several reforms to employment laws. Beginning with changes to the tribunal system, he proposed the introduction of tribunal fees for employees making claims against employers, stating that the current system had become a "major impediment" to small businesses hiring people.[73][74] The tribunal fees were later ruled unlawful by the Supreme Court in 2017 after a court victory by trade union UNISON.[75] In an article in May 2012, Cable denounced the "red tape factories" of the European Union, calling for increased deregulation and labour market flexibility, as well as the expansion of the Single Market and scrapping of the Working Time Directive. He revealed that at a recent meeting of European economic ministers, a group of like-minded nations had formed in making these same demands.[76] In September 2012, Cable and his department colleague Michael Fallon announced a large package of deregulation for businesses, including scrapping 3,000 regulations and implementing exemptions from health and safety inspections for shops, pubs, and offices. Cable claimed that businesses should not be "tied up in unnecessary red tape", but the move was criticised by trade unions.[77][78][79] Days later Cable announced further deregulation involving changes to employment laws, proposing to reduce employee compensation for unfair dismissals and allowing employers and employees to agree to an out-of-court 'pay off' for under-performance dismissals. This was also criticised by trade unions.[80][81] In January 2013, Cable rejected calls by Labour for the government to intervene in the high street crisis following the collapse of music retailer, HMV, he said: "it is not the job of Government to sort out the problems of competition on the high street. Consumers make their choices and there are consequences."[82][83] In December 2013, Cable supported the continuation of zero hours contracts after a government review, saying "they have a place in today’s labour market", although admitting there had "been evidence of abuse." His statements were met with negative responses from British trade unions.[84] In 2014, during the Israel-Gaza conflict, Cable received criticism for his involvement in the signing off of arms deals to Israel, primarily concerning component parts used in the assembly of Hermes drones.[85][86] Shortly afterwards, he announced that arms exports to Israel would be suspended unless the recently declared ceasefire was upheld, a response which was condemned by Baroness Warsi, and by the CAAT who called it "very weak".[87][88] In February 2015, Cable was reportedly a speaker at an event hosted by various arms companies at a London hotel.[89] In 2015, Cable refused to issue export licences for the sale of Paveway IV laser-guided bomb to the Royal Saudi Air Force over concern about how they might be used in the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen. Cable came under pressure from then-Prime Minister David Cameron, Defence Secretary Michael Fallon and Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond for the immediate resumption of exports. Cable stated he was then given specific assurances by the Ministry of Defence that the UK would be given oversight of potential bombing targets to minimise the risk of civilian casualties, including involvement in decisions, to a similar level given to the United States. On this understanding, Cable agreed to issue export licences for a £200,000,000 order for the weapons. In 2016, it became apparent the Ministry of Defence did not have this level of oversight, to which Cable responded "That is categorically contrary to what I was told was going to happen."[90][91][92] The sale is being investigated by the Committees on Arms Export Controls.[93] December 2010 Daily Telegraph commentsIn late-December 2010, undercover reporters from The Daily Telegraph, posing as constituents, set up a meeting with Cable, who expressed frustration with being in the coalition and compared it to "fighting a war"; he stated he had "a nuclear option... if they push me too far then I can walk out and bring the government down and they know that", and had to "pick" his fights carefully. He also claimed the Liberal Democrats had pressed for a "very tough approach" to the UK's banks, which had been opposed by the Conservatives. He described the coalition's attempt at fast, widespread reforms (including the health service and local governments) as being a "kind of Maoist revolution", and thought "we [the Government] are trying to do too many things... a lot of it is Tory inspired. The problem is not that they are Tory-inspired, but that they haven’t thought them through. We should be putting a brake on them." When his comments appeared in the press, Cable stated, "Naturally I am embarrassed by these comments and I regret them", before reaffirming his commitment to the Coalition Government, stating that "I am proud of what it is achieving".[94][95] In part of the Daily Telegraph transcript that it did not disclose, Cable stated in reference to Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation takeover bid for BSkyB, "I have declared war on Mr Murdoch and I think we are going to win."[96] Following this revelation, Cable had his responsibility for media affairs – including ruling on Murdoch's takeover plans – withdrawn from his role as Business Secretary.[97] In May 2011, the Press Complaints Commission upheld a complaint regarding the Telegraphs use of subterfuge.[98] Cable's stature in the Government grew since then, being dubbed "the moral centre of this Coalition" by Peter Oborne, chief political commentator at the Daily Telegraph.[99] Royal Mail saleAs Business Secretary, Cable oversaw the privatisation of the Royal Mail in 2013. The share price increased by 38% within a day and 70% in a year. The National Audit Office said that the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills was too cautious when setting the sale price, but that a planned postal workers' union strike also affected the government's sale price. Cable refused to apologise, and said that the Government had been right to take a cautious approach, pointing out that the sale had raised £2,000,000,000 for the taxpayer, with a further £1,500,000,000 from the 30% stake in Royal Mail which it had retained. The NAO also noted that some "priority investors", had made significant profits following the sale, having been allocated more shares in the belief that they would form part of a stable and supportive shareholder base. However, almost half of the shares allocated to them had been sold within a few weeks of the sale.[100][101] Post-ministerial careerCable lost his seat, previously considered safe – with a majority of 12,140 – to the Conservative candidate Tania Mathias at the 2015 general election.[102] Mathias won with a majority of 2,017 votes.[103] Cable's elimination from Parliament, combined with the Liberal Democrats' collective defeat at the election, and the formation of a Conservative majority government obliged him to resign as Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills, a position which he held for the majority of its existence. He had also enjoyed the longest tenure as President of the Board of Trade since that of Peter Thorneycroft, which ended in 1957.[104] Return to parliamentCable announced on 18 April 2017 his intention to stand for his former seat of Twickenham at the snap general election.[105][106] In May 2017, Cable urged Liberal Democrat supporters to vote tactically for Ealing Central and Acton Labour candidate Rupa Huq.[107] At the election, he was successful in winning back his former seat, with a majority of 9,762 votes.[108] In a cross-party effort shortly after the election, Cable along with former Labour Party Leader Ed Miliband and veteran Conservative MP Ken Clarke made a joint submission to Ofcom, opposing 21st Century Fox's takeover bid of Sky.[109] Following Tim Farron's resignation as leader of the Liberal Democrats, Cable announced his candidacy in the subsequent leadership election.[110] In July, he called for pro-EU MPs to support and "rally around" Chancellor Philip Hammond.[111] Leader of the Liberal DemocratsOn 20 July 2017, Cable became leader of the Liberal Democrats after facing no other competition.[3] He is the oldest leader of a major UK political party since Sir Winston Churchill.[112] In a manifesto released upon his ascent to leadership, Cable revealed his policy priorities as Liberal Democrat leader would include tackling inequality, improving public services, opposing Brexit, electoral reform and young people.[113] In late 2017 Cable revealed that he had become "more interventionist" economically due to experiences while in the Coalition government.[114] Subsequently, Cable has called for the blocking of several foreign takeovers of UK companies in the technology sector, and for the reform of UK takeover laws in the form of the 'Cadbury Clause' that had been suggested by figures within the Conservative Party.[115][116][117] Following the leak of the Paradise Papers, Cable commented that direct rule of crown dependencies should be threatened if substantial progress was not made in curbing aggressive tax avoidance.[118][119] In September 2017 Cable echoed Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson in calling for greater taxation of foreign speculators in the housing market.[120] He has also called for the reform of empty dwelling management orders.[121] In an 8 November 2017 pre-Budget speech at the City of London, Cable announced the Liberal Democrats under his leadership would seek to revive the fiscal Golden Rule of former Labour Chancellor Gordon Brown.[122] In early 2018, Cable's leadership saw former Conservative donors Peter J Stringfellow and Charlie Mullins switch and pledge their support to Cable and the Liberal Democrats over Brexit.[123][124] On education, Cable has rejected cutting or abolishing university tuition fees. He has instead announced that he would seek to implement lifelong learning accounts which would serve as endowments to all young people to help pay for education or training at any future date, and suggested this endowment could range from £5,000 to £10,000 per head (the average university student debt in England is £50,800 upon graduation as of 2017),[125] costing around £10 billion a year. Cable claimed the policy could be funded from reform of capital gains, inheritance, and property taxes.[126] Also on education, he proposes to abolish the Ofsted inspectorate and reform school league tables to focus on pupil well-being rather than exam results because a “change in emphasis” is needed away from competition.[127][128] He supported the February 2018 USS strikes, calling for the government to underwrite lecturers' pensions,[129] while refusing to cross a picket line at the Cass Business School.[130] On 22 March, Cable announced that at an earlier meeting of European liberal parties he had garnered the signed agreements of eight European ALDE Prime Ministers demanding another referendum on the terms of Britain's exit from the European Union. Shortly after, however, in contradiction to Cable's announcement ALDE issued a statement denying that there had been any joint agreement about backing another referendum.[131][132][133] In June, Cable set out plans to create a state land-buying agency to compulsorily purchase land at 40% below market value.[134] Cable also unveiled a proposal to develop a sovereign wealth fund, totalling £100 billion of assets, to be paid for partly by a tax on gifts.[135][136] In response to both the 2017 and 2018 Autumn Budget announcements, Cable called for a large increase in public services spending and the end of austerity, attacking the Conservative government's 2018 Autumn Budget for failing to meet his demands on increased spending.[137][138][126] He criticised Labour for not voting against a package of Conservative tax cuts which included raising the personal income tax allowance and higher rate income tax threshold, money that he argued would be better used on reversing cuts to benefits.[139][140] Electorally, Cable asserted that the Liberal Democrats under his leadership would win over substantial numbers of younger Labour voters “when the penny drops” about Labour's stance on Brexit, and that “young supporters will soon notice”.[141][142] Aside from Brexit, he claimed that adopting and pitching policies like higher taxation of wealth would also help in winning over Labour voters.[143][156][144] Despite this, the Liberal Democrats under Cable's leadership have drawn observations from numerous political commentators such as Stephen Bush of New Statesman and John Rentoul of The Independent who noted that Liberal Democrat national polling had remained static even with significantly negative public perceptions of both the Labour and Conservative parties.[145][146][147][148][149] Rentoul, as well as politics historian Glen O'Hara pointed to traditional and once potential Liberal Democrat voters Cable might wish to target as now having become solidly Labour voters.[150][145] The Times Red Box editor and columnist Matt Chorley, in assessing Cable's leadership, wrote how there was already a "grey-haired nasal leftie running an opposition party" (in reference to Jeremy Corbyn) and therefore Cable was not needed.[151] Cable has received significant critical commentary surrounding his leadership of the Liberal Democrats in terms of policy proposals and stances. In particular, Cable's support for a second referendum on membership of the European Union and his comment that older Brexit voters were driven by nostalgia were met with negative reactions from the likes of broadcaster Julia Hartley Brewer, government Cabinet member Sajid Javid, and others.[152][153][154][155][156][157] However, some in the media have expressed agreement with Cable's position on Brexit.[158][159][160] Other policy, such as punitive taxation of foreign housing investors was criticised in Forbes and by the Adam Smith Institute think tank, Forbes describing Cable's proposed policy as being a cure "worse than the economic disease it's designed to solve."[161][162] The Financial Times considered Cable to be part of a "coalition of anti-capitalists" due to his calls for foreign takeovers of British companies to be blocked,[163] and in The Daily Telegraph his policies were likened unfavourably to those of the Labour Party.[164] Political journalist Andrew Rawnsley of The Observer was critical of Cable's general approach but conceded the possibility of Cable's anti-Brexit policy paying off eventually.[165] On 7 September 2018, Cable announced his intention to resign as leader of the Liberal Democrats. He has said he will resign once Brexit has been resolved or stopped, and when his proposed party reforms had been accepted.[4][166] ViewsCable has compared himself to centrist French President Emmanuel Macron, saying that as Business Secretary he had worked with Macron (then an economy minister) personally and that they have a "very similar" approach. He believes his party should occupy the "vast middle ground", likening the political conditions of the UK with those of France.[167][168] Cable asserts that there is an “appetite” for “middle-of-the-road politics” which he claims he can provide,[169] and has decried what he sees as the mistreatment of “middle-of-the-road Brownite type” politicians like Tom Watson by the "hard left" within the Labour Party.[170] He is a supporter of the Social Liberal Forum, a centre-left group within the Liberal Democrats.[171][172][173] TradeHe supported the proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership trade agreement (TTIP), saying in 2014 that "if you are a true believer in free trade then you want to trade more with the US." To critics such as trade unions he replied that he was "genuinely baffled" about their fears that TTIP would lead to the privatisation of the NHS, adding that TTIP had "nothing to do with allowing the Americans to interfere with our NHS".[174][175] In 2018, concerning the possibility of US-UK trade deal which might follow the United Kingdom's future exit from the European Union, Cable warned that a trade deal in such circumstances might involve agreeing to open up the NHS to private American healthcare firms. Cable claimed this was unlike TTIP in which public services were to remain protected and therefore he argued the UK should remain in the EU.[176][177] Cable also warned that a post-Brexit trade deal with the US might lead to accepting lower standards in farming produce, less food being produced in the UK and less employment for farmers.[178] Cable thinks free trade is not a zero-sum game and that it is mutually beneficial for nations; "Countries are better off when they participate in specialisation, with consumers benefiting from greater choice, higher quality products, and lower prices."[179] He has condemned British and American politicians such as Donald Trump who he claims exploit the "anger and fear" over potential job losses which may result from foreign trade competition.[179] Human rightsIn May 2018, Theresa May welcomed Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan to the United Kingdom for a three-day state visit. Erdoğan declared that the United Kingdom is "an ally and a strategic partner, but also a real friend."[180] Cable denounced the visit, saying that "The UK has a strong, proud history of democracy and human rights, but our reputation on the world stage is in danger of being eroded by this Conservative government’s desire to woo world leaders like [Donald] Trump and Erdoğan. May’s administration appears to have substituted diplomacy for sycophancy in its pursuit of Brexit."[181] In response to the murder of the Saudi opposition journalist Jamal Khashoggi, Cable said: "This situation gets murkier and murkier. The Government should have already suspended arms export licences to Saudi Arabia given the outrages in Yemen. This reinforces the argument for loosening the bonds to the regime."[182] Taxation and economyAs an economist, Cable considers Adam Smith and John Maynard Keynes to be his heroes, recommending Smith's The Wealth of Nations and Robert Skidelsky’s Life of John Maynard Keynes to novice economists.[183][184] He has been a proponent of greater capital spending, or borrowing to invest, and has made the case for this several times during and after the 2010-2015 coalition government.[185][186][187] Cable has called the demutualisation of building societies "one of the greatest acts of economic vandalism in modern times".[188] Cable supports the continuation of the Liberal Democrat policy of a hypothecated 1p rise in income tax to pay for improved health and social care,[189][190] along with proposals for replacing national insurance taxes with a likewise hypothecated new NHS and social care tax .[191] He has also voiced support for a wealth tax to raise £15 billion or the equivalent of “less than one-third of 1pc of household wealth, net of debt” which would be used to address “intergenerational inequality.”[164][192] Cable has been critical of the National Living Wage (the UK system of minimum wage), arguing in 2015 that smaller businesses would struggle to pay employees higher rates.[193] He has called for companies Google, Amazon, and Facebook to be broken up,[194][195] and supports the introduction of a digital services tax on technology companies.[196] New partyCable has held differing views over time on the possibility of a new party emerging which could involve the Liberal Democrats. After the election of Jeremy Corbyn to the Labour leadership in 2015, Cable called on centre-left MPs from Labour and the Liberal Democrats to unite to prevent the Conservatives holding a “monopoly on power.”[197][198][199] He made a similar suggestion in the lead up to the 2017 general election, predicting a new party in the event of Labour undergoing electoral collapse.[200][201] After becoming leader of the Liberal Democrats, however, he rejected a proposal for a new anti-Brexit party by former government adviser James Chapman, insisting that anti-Brexit figures should join the Liberal Democrats instead.[202][203] Jeremy CorbynCable has criticised the Labour Party under Jeremy Corbyn, referring to its economics as "Venezuelan" and believes it is now dominated by "anti-capitalist zealots".[204][205] He claims Labour's policy of a large corporation tax hike would have negative effects on consumers and employees rather than reduce inequality. Instead, Cable suggests using land value tax to, for example, replace business rates. He has also long suggested aligning capital gains tax with income tax as a kind of anti-avoidance measure, previously noting this was last a policy of past Conservative Chancellor Nigel Lawson.[206][207] Coalitions and electoral pactsCable has taken a sceptical approach to the question of potential coalitions with other parties since 2015.[208] In April 2018, he said that the Liberal Democrats would never form a coalition government with Labour led by Jeremy Corbyn,[209] and previously opposed the idea in 2015 as well where he said working with Labour was "inconceivable" because of Jeremy Corbyn's economic policies.[210] Cable claims he would not work with the Conservatives either, comparing a coalition with the Conservatives to "mating with a praying mantis" where "You get eaten at the end of it."[211][212] Rather than a coalition or propping up a government, he would prefer to work on "issue-by-issue" instead.[213] Cable ruled out the idea of electoral pacts in mid-April during the 2017 general election campaign.[214][215] However, in early May, Cable was recorded suggesting that Liberal Democrat supporters vote for Labour candidates in certain seats where they could stop the Conservatives.[216][217][218][219] Responding to the story on LBC radio, Cable restated that he would not work with Labour and said that the Liberal Democrats had more "common ground" with the Conservatives under David Cameron than with Labour under Jeremy Corbyn.[220] Shortly after, Cable was due to appear and speak at a Compass event in support of a 'progressive alliance' (a proposed electoral pact between the Green Party, the Liberal Democrats, and Labour) but backed out, stating it was "too late" for a progressive alliance because he couldn't work with Labour "in its current form."[221] He had previously spoken at a progressive alliance event by Compass in 2016.[222] BrexitCable thinks Brexit may never happen. He maintains when people see the economic costs they will turn against it and a cross-party coalition of opponents to Brexit may develop. Cable said, "the whole question of continued membership will once again arise" if people's living standards worsened and unemployment rose.[223][189] Cable has called for cross-border digital services and a single EU market for Netflix.[224] On 23 June 2018 Cable appeared at the People's Vote march in London to mark the second anniversary of the referendum to leave the European Union. People's Vote is a campaign group calling for a public vote on the final Brexit deal between the UK and the European Union. In his speech he said, "keep fighting, keep hoping, we will win."[225] Cable maintains it, "beggars belief that the army and the police are now being asked to prepare for riots in the chaotic aftermath of a botched Brexit. (...) For the 'true believers' - the fundamentalists - the costs of Brexit have always been irrelevant. Years of economic pain justified by the erotic spasm of leaving the European Union. Economic pain felt - of course - not by them by those least able to afford it. (...) [Theresa May] is dutifully delivering a policy she doesn't really believe in; failing in negotiations; losing public support; and all to appease a dwindling group of angry people in her party who will denounce her as a traitor, whatever she comes up with. (...) Our sympathy can only extend so far, while she puts the interests of the country second to the whims of the extremists in her party."[226] Tuition feesIn 2017, Cable defended the £9,000 per year university tuition fees cap, claiming it would be "dangerous and stupid" and a "cheap populist gesture" to abolish tuition fees, adding that the "40% of students" who go to university should not be subsidised by the "60% who don't".[227] The comments were criticised on social media by figures on the left, while Conservative MP Jo Johnson voiced support for Cable's stance.[228] HousingOn housing, he has backed building on green belts as a solution to the housing crisis.[229] He proposes allowing councils to levy up to a 500% council tax on empty homes.[230] The House of LordsIn 2018, Cable wrote that he had opposed and still opposed the House of Lords of the United Kingdom, the upper house of the British Parliament for being made up of unaccountable members. He, however, expressed his appreciation for the Lords' "capacity to defeat and embarrass the government" over Brexit legislation, in which he argued the House of Lords were exercising more thorough oversight.[231] Personal lifeCable's first wife was Olympia Rebelo, a Goan Roman Catholic, whom he met "in the unromantic setting of a York mental hospital where we happened to be working as nurses during a summer holiday."[232] They had three children together and she completed her PhD in history at Glasgow University in 1976.[233] Olympia Cable was diagnosed with breast cancer shortly after the 1987 general election. After apparently successful treatment the disease returned in the mid-1990s and before the 1997 election. Olympia Cable died shortly after the 2001 general election. In 2004, he married Rachel Wenban Smith. When appearing on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs programme in January 2009, Cable revealed that he wears the wedding rings from both of his marriages.[234] A keen ballroom dancer, Cable long expressed his desire to appear on the BBC's hit television show Strictly Come Dancing;[235] he appeared on the Christmas 2010 edition of the show, partnered by Erin Boag and dancing the Foxtrot. He performed well and scored 36/40 from the judges, including a mark of 10/10 from head judge Len Goodman. Cable was the second politician to appear on the show, after Ann Widdecombe.[236] Cable is a Patron of MyBigCareer,[237] (a career guidance charity for young people), the Polycystic Kidney Disease Charity (PKD),[238] a Patron of the Changez Charity.[239] and chair of HCT Group, a social enterprise transport operator. Cable's eldest grandson is social activist and entrepreneur Ayrton Cable.[240] In David Cameron’s 2015 Dissolution Honours, Cable was appointed a Knight Bachelor for political and public service.[241][242] Styles and titles
Bibliography
Autobiography
See also
References1. ^{{Cite episode |title=Vince Cable |series=Desert Island Discs |serieslink=Desert Island Discs |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00gq4n2 |accessdate=18 January 2014 |station=BBC Radio 4 |date=18 January 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014001744/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00gq4n2 |archivedate=14 October 2013 }} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://iaindale.blogspot.com/2010/05/vince-cable-resigns.html |title=Vince Cable Resigns! |publisher=Iaindale.blogspot.com |date=26 February 2010 |accessdate=19 June 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529155933/http://iaindale.blogspot.com/2010/05/vince-cable-resigns.html |archivedate=29 May 2010 }} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.itv.com/news/2017-07-20/vince-cable-named-new-leader-of-liberal-democrats/|title=Vince Cable named new leader of Liberal Democrats|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720190640/http://www.itv.com/news/2017-07-20/vince-cable-named-new-leader-of-liberal-democrats/|archivedate=20 July 2017}} 4. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/sep/07/vince-cable-step-down-lib-dem-leader-brexit-resolved-stopped|title=Vince Cable to step down 'after Brexit is resolved or stopped'|last=Walker|first=Peter|date=7 September 2018|work=The Guardian|accessdate=31 October 2018}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1160177/VINCE-CABLE-My-father-said-I-taking-leave-senses-marry-race-We-didnt-speak-years.html|title=VINCE CABLE: My father said I was taking leave of my senses to marry into another race. We didn't speak again for four years|work=Mail Online|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130420194522/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1160177/VINCE-CABLE-My-father-said-I-taking-leave-senses-marry-race-We-didnt-speak-years.html|archivedate=20 April 2013}} 6. ^{{cite news|last=Boseley|first=Sarah|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/mar/10/vince-cable-adult-education-mental-illness-speech|title=Vince Cable: adult education helped my mother overcome mental illness|date=10 March 2015|publisher=|via=The Guardian|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810171933/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/mar/10/vince-cable-adult-education-mental-illness-speech|archivedate=10 August 2017}} 7. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.moneymarketing.co.uk/analysis/vince-cable/182423.article |title=Vince Cable |work=MoneyMarketing.co.uk |date=12 March 2009 |accessdate=23 September 2009 |location=London |first=Nicola |last=York |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324105548/http://www.moneymarketing.co.uk/analysis/vince-cable/182423.article |archivedate=24 March 2012 }} 8. ^About us {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831181530/http://keynessociety.wordpress.com/about-the-keynes-society/ |date=31 August 2013 }} Keynes Society 9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/1480c361-337a-3c66-b8fe-908e8bfbd3f4|title=Subscribe to read|website=Financial Times|accessdate=25 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025185504/https://www.ft.com/content/1480c361-337a-3c66-b8fe-908e8bfbd3f4|archivedate=25 October 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/3579.pdf |title=Life as a Fellow: Dr Vincent Cable MP, Liberal Democrat Treasury Spokesperson, The Treasury, Kenya, 1966–1968, From a speech presented at the ODI Fellowship Scheme 40th Anniversary |publisher=Overseas Development Institute (ODI) |date=15 July 2003 |accessdate=9 July 2017}} 11. ^{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Vincent |last=Cable |title=Economic integration and the industrialisation of small, developing nations : the case of Central America |publisher=University of Glasgow |date=1973 |url=http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528593 |authorlink=Vince Cable |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219164835/http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528593 |archivedate=19 December 2013 }} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://vincentcable.org.uk/en/page/about-vince-cable |title=Archived copy |accessdate=13 April 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418051635/http://vincentcable.org.uk/en/page/about-vince-cable |archivedate=18 April 2012 }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/news/pressreleases/2016/january/sir-vince-cable-is-made-an-honorary-professor-at-the-university-of-nottingham.aspx|title=Sir Vince Cable is made an Honorary Professor at The University of Nottingham – The University of Nottingham|website=www.nottingham.ac.uk|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419100848/https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/news/pressreleases/2016/january/sir-vince-cable-is-made-an-honorary-professor-at-the-university-of-nottingham.aspx|archivedate=19 April 2017}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.libdems.org.uk/cabinet_detail.aspx?name=Dr_Vince_Cable_MP&pPK=34755921-9323-4a73-8e4f-5f030c6ff139|title=Dr Vince Cable MP – Secretary of State for Business|publisher=Liberal Democrats|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212020017/http://www.libdems.org.uk/cabinet_detail.aspx?name=Dr_Vince_Cable_MP&pPK=34755921-9323-4a73-8e4f-5f030c6ff139|archivedate=12 December 2013}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://web.stanford.edu/group/tomzgroup/pmwiki/uploads/1206-1969-Cable-a-JHS.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=23 August 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812170856/http://web.stanford.edu/group/tomzgroup/pmwiki/uploads/1206-1969-Cable-a-JHS.pdf 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news|url=http://news.sky.com/story/scrapping-tuition-fees-would-be-stupid-sir-vince-cable-10934161|title=Cable: Scrapping tuition fees would be stupid|work=Sky News|accessdate=13 July 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702142844/http://news.sky.com/story/scrapping-tuition-fees-would-be-stupid-sir-vince-cable-10934161|archivedate=2 July 2017}} 228. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/michael-gove-vince-cable-anger-university-tuition-fees_uk_595a0b8be4b02734df334f0e|title=Vince Cable And Michael Gove Spark Anger Over 'Hypocritical' Tuition Fee Defences|date=3 July 2017|work=HuffPost UK|accessdate=13 July 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703133705/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/michael-gove-vince-cable-anger-university-tuition-fees_uk_595a0b8be4b02734df334f0e|archivedate=3 July 2017}} 229. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/may/20/uk-double-number-new-homes-300000-vince-cable|title=UK needs to double number of new homes to 300,000 a year: Vince Cable|last=Wintour|first=Patrick|date=20 May 2014|work=The Guardian|accessdate=17 April 2018}} 230. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/political-parties/liberal-democrats/vince-cable/news/96314/vince-cable-empty-homes-should|title=Vince Cable: Empty homes should face 500% council tax bills|last=PoliticsHome.com|date=26 June 2018|work=PoliticsHome.com|accessdate=1 December 2018}} 231. ^{{cite news|last1=Cable|first1=Vince|title=The House of Lords is leaping to the defence of UK democracy|url=https://www.ft.com/content/88ff8496-545a-11e8-84f4-43d65af59d43|accessdate=12 May 2018|work=Financial Times|date=12 May 2018|location=London}} 232. ^{{cite news |newspaper=The Sunday Times |author=Vince Cable |title=Married to the multiculture |date=30 October 2005}} 233. ^{{cite web |publisher=University of Glasgow DSpace Service |title=Brazilian presidential elections of the first Republic, 1889–1930 |year=1976 |last=Cable |first=Olympia |url=https://dspace.gla.ac.uk/handle/1905/293 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306024336/https://dspace.gla.ac.uk/handle/1905/293 |archivedate=6 March 2012 }} 234. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article5537291.ece |title='Two rings' Cable is Mr Romantic |last=Brooks |first=Richard |date=18 January 2009 |work=The Sunday Times |accessdate=19 January 2009 |location=London}} 235. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7121335.stm |title=Lib Dem Cable reveals dance dream |publisher=BBC News |date=30 November 2007 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229104018/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7121335.stm |archivedate=29 December 2008 }} 236. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-11767413|title=Vince Cable to star in Christmas Strictly Come Dancing|publisher=BBC News|date=16 November 2010|accessdate=16 November 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101116201214/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-11767413|archivedate=16 November 2010}} 237. ^ {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708204812/http://www.mybigcareer.org/|date=8 July 2017}} 238. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pkdcharity.org.uk |title=UK Polycystic Kidney Disease Charity Website |publisher=Pkdcharity.org.uk |date= |accessdate=21 December 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225141741/http://www.pkdcharity.org.uk/ |archivedate=25 December 2010 }} 239. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/8797573.Royal_bride_to_be_ponders_charity_offer/ |title=Royal bride-to-be Kate Middleton could be new patron of Whitton-based charity Changez |work=Richmond and Twickenham Times |date=20 January 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307185210/http://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/8797573.Royal_bride_to_be_ponders_charity_offer/ |archivedate=7 March 2012 }} 240. ^{{cite web|title=Vince Cable's grandson, nine, screens his animal welfare film in Commons|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/vince-cables-grandson-nine-screens-his-animal-welfare-film-in-commons-8105834.html|website=London Evening Standard|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526164256/http://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/vince-cables-grandson-nine-screens-his-animal-welfare-film-in-commons-8105834.html|archivedate=26 May 2015}} 241. ^{{London Gazette |issue=61359 |date=22 September 2015 |page=17615 |supp=y}} 242. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/arrise-sir-vince-vince-cable-knighted-at-palace-1-7633232 |title=Arrise Sir Vince – Vince Cable knighted at palace |newspaper=The Yorkshire Post |date=18 December 2015 |accessdate=25 July 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713130617/http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/arrise-sir-vince-vince-cable-knighted-at-palace-1-7633232 |archivedate=13 July 2016 }} 243. ^{{cite web|url=http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2382/|title=Economic integration and the industrialisation of small, developing nations: the case of Central America|work=gla.ac.uk|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718170845/http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2382/|archivedate=18 July 2011}} External links{{Commons category|Vince Cable}}{{Wikiquote}}
for Twickenham|years=1997–2015}}{{s-aft|after=Tania Mathias}} |-{{s-bef|before=Tania Mathias}}{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for Twickenham|years=2017–present}}{{s-inc}} |-{{s-ppo}}{{s-bef|before=Matthew Taylor}}{{s-ttl|title=Liberal Democrat Spokesperson for the Treasury|years=2003–2010}}{{s-vac|next=Danny Alexander}} |-{{s-bef|rows=2|before=Ming Campbell}}{{s-ttl|title=Deputy Leader of the Liberal Democrats|years=2006–2010}}{{s-aft|after=Simon Hughes}} |-{{s-ttl|title=Leader of the Liberal Democrats {{small|Acting}}|years=2007}}{{s-aft|after=Nick Clegg}} |-{{s-bef|before=The Baroness Kramer}}{{s-ttl|title=Liberal Democrat Spokesperson for the Treasury|years=2017}}{{s-aft|after=The Baroness Kramer}} |-{{s-bef|before=Tim Farron}}{{s-ttl|title=Leader of the Liberal Democrats|years=2017–present}}{{s-inc}} |-{{s-off}}{{s-bef|rows=2|before=The Lord Mandelson}}{{s-ttl|title=Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills|years=2010–2015}}{{s-aft|rows=2|after=Sajid Javid}} |-{{s-ttl|title=President of the Board of Trade|years=2010–2015}}{{s-end}}{{People's Vote}}{{UK Liberal Democrats}}{{Cabinet of David Cameron}}{{First Cameron Cabinet}}{{Presidents of the Board of Trade}}{{Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election, 2006}}{{Current UK Liberal Democrat MPs}}{{Leaders of political parties in the United Kingdom}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cable, Vincent}} 21 : 1943 births|Living people|Advocates of the European Union|Alumni of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge|Alumni of the University of Glasgow|Councillors in Glasgow|Scottish Labour Party councillors|Leaders of the Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats (UK) MPs for English constituencies|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Knights Bachelor|People from York|Politics of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames|Presidents of The Cambridge Union|Social Democratic Party (UK) politicians|UK MPs 1997–2001|UK MPs 2001–05|UK MPs 2005–10|UK MPs 2010–15|UK MPs 2017–|Presidents of the Board of Trade |
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