“Vincent C. Gray”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Gray was born on November 8, 1942^[4]^[5]^[6] in Washington, DC,^[7] and graduated from Dunbar High School.^[7] In 1964 he earned a B.S.^[9] in psychology at George Washington University,^[8]^[9] where he also took graduate courses. Gray was one of the first African Americans to join the Jewish fraternity Tau Epsilon Phi.^[10] While in the fraternity, he was the first to serve two consecutive terms as President. Other school activities included the Newman Catholic Center, as well as football and basketball intramurals.^[11] Gray is also an avid participant in hand dancing, a D.C.-area derivative of Lindy hop.^[12]

Gray began his political career with the D.C. Association for Retarded Citizens, where he successfully advocated for innovative public policy initiatives on behalf of people with mental retardation.^[13] In 1991, then Mayor Sharon Pratt Kelly appointed Gray to the post of Director of the DC Department of Human Services.^[13]^[7]

Gray became the founding executive director of Covenant House Washington in December 1994.^[13]^[7] Over a decade, Gray grew the agency from a van outreach program to a multisite agency serving homeless youth in the city's Southeast and Northeast communities.

Council of Washington, D.C.

In the September 2004 primary election, Gray defeated Kevin P. Chavous, the incumbent Ward 7 member of the Council of the District of Columbia, and went on to win the November general election with 91% of the vote.^[13] He was sworn in as a member of the council on January 2, 2005,^[13] and was a member of the council's Committees on Health; Economic Development; Human Services; and Education, Libraries and Recreation. Chairman Linda W. Cropp also appointed him to chair a Special Committee on Prevention of Youth Violence.

In 2006, when Cropp decided not to run for another term as chairman but to run for mayor instead, Gray ran for chairman.^[14] He defeated his council colleague Kathleen Patterson in the Democratic primary,^[15] 57% to 43%,^[16] and then won the general election unopposed.^[17] Gray ran his campaign under the banner "One City" and focused on unity among the disparate racial and economic groups in Washington, D.C.^[18]

In 2008, Gray successfully led his Council colleagues in passing the "Pre-K Enhancement and Expansion Act of 2008",^[13] a program to provide universal pre-kindergarten to every three- and four-year-old in the District of Columbia by 2014, to increase early intervention and enhancement services for student success.

Mayor of Washington, D.C.

2010 campaign

Gray formally entered the race for Mayor of the District of Columbia on March 30, 2010.^[19] His campaign adopted the slogan, commonly used during his time as Council Chairman, "One City. Leadership We Need".^[20] A Washington Post poll conducted in January 2010 showed Gray leading the incumbent mayor, Adrian Fenty, 38 percent to 31 percent among voters who were "certain" to participate in the September 14th Democratic Primary.^[21] The Washington Post noted that the poll's results were an indication of voters' disapproval of Fenty, rather than approval of Gray, because 36 percent of registered Democrats had no opinion of Gray.^[21] An August Washington Post poll found Gray with a 17-point advantage among likely voters and a 13-point lead among Democratic voters.^[22] In the event, Gray defeated Fenty by a 54 to 44 percent margin.^[23]

Activities as Mayor

In order to save the District $19 million in 2011, Gray proposed to furlough most District employees, including teachers.^[24] Workers would not be paid on four holidays, namely President's Day, Emancipation Day, Memorial Day, and Independence Day.^[24] The District Council voted in favor of the idea as part of a plan to save over $19 million for the District.^[25]^[26] On Presidents' Day, February 21, 2011, over 200 emergency calls made to 911 went unanswered since dispatchers were furloughed.^[27]

In response to a proposal by Congress to restart a school voucher program in the District, Gray said he was against the idea.^[28]

During the April 11, 2011 debates on the 2011 United States federal budget, Mayor Gray and several other D.C. elected officials joined city residents outside the Hart Senate Office Building to protest budgetary line items that restricted the city's ability to spend its own locally raised funds. In particular, the budget limits the city's ability to spend money on abortion services and reauthorizes a school voucher program that the city government opposes. U.S. Capitol Police arrested several protesters, including Vincent Gray, for blocking automobile traffic. Speaking to the press before the arrest, Gray said, "This is an absolute travesty. All we want to do is spend our own money... Why should women in the District of Columbia be subjected to a set of rules that no other woman is subjected to?"^[29]^[30]

Sulaimon Brown controversy

Amidst the reports of budget tightening and city employee furloughs in the early weeks of the Gray administration, an exposé in The Washington Post revealed that Gray had hired a larger senior staff than his predecessors, and for substantially more money.^[31] Among the newly hired top officials was Sulaimon Brown, who had been hired as a special senior assistant in the Department of Health Care Finance for $110,000. Brown was best known as a colorful fringe candidate in the 2010 mayoral election (ultimately receiving just over 200 votes)^[32] who, despite being his opponent, encouraged voters to support Gray (if not himself) and denigrated then-incumbent mayor Fenty.^[33] The news of the hiring led to charges of cronyism from the local media. However, when the Washington City Paper four days later linked Brown to a 1991 gun charge, a 1995 conviction for unlawful entry, and a 2007 restraining order against a 13-year-old girl,^[34] Brown was fired and escorted by security from his office on the morning of February 24.^[35]

In response to his termination, Brown made allegations to the Washington Post that he had made a secret agreement with Gray during the 2010 mayoral campaign to remain in the race and continue attacking Fenty in his public appearances, in exchange for a job with Gray's administration if Gray won the election.^[36] Brown also claimed to have received cash payments from Gray campaign aides Lorraine Green and Howard Brooks; according to the Post, Brown's cellphone records indicated 29 telephone calls to Brooks between June and September 2010 from Gray and Green,^[37] and text messages from Gray's phone number seemed to lend credence to Brown's story.^[36]

Gray flatly denied Brown's allegations, but acknowledged "missteps" in his administration's job vetting process and called for an investigation by the city attorney general and the DC Council.^[38] Brown began meeting with federal officials from the U.S. Attorney's office, the FBI, and staff of the House Oversight and Government Committee, who said that they were "assessing" his allegations.^[39]^[40] Meanwhile, allegations of nepotism, poor vetting, and other unethical hiring practices within the Gray administration continued to surface, with reports published that Gray had hired the children of four high-level officials, including Green and Brooks;^[39] that Brooks had overcharged the operator of the Georgia Lottery more than $1 million in the late 1990s;^[41] and that the salaries of several of Gray's appointees, including his Chief of Staff and City Administrator, were higher than permitted by District law.^[42]

On March 10, 2011, District Councilmember Jack Evans, chairman of the Council's Committee on Finance and Revenue, announced that he was postponing "indefinitely" Gray's nomination of Green to chair the Washington Convention and Sports Authority.^[43] The same day, Gray announced that he had retained the services of Robert S. Bennett, the attorney who represented President Bill Clinton during the Lewinsky scandal, as his legal counsel.^[40]

Campaign finance scandal

In October 2011, the Washington Post reported that the United States Attorney's Office was investigating, subpoenaing documents, interviewing campaign staff members, and looking into money-order donations possibly in excess of District regulations.^[44] Seven months later, on May 22, 2012, Gray's 2010 campaign treasurer Thomas Gore pleaded guilty in federal court to illegally diverting campaign funds to Brown and to obstructing justice by shredding documents related to the transactions.^[45] Two days later, Howard Brooks pleaded guilty to lying to federal investigators, admitting that he had given over $7,800 in money orders to Sulaimon Brown during the 2010 mayoral race.^[46]

On July 10, 2012 a third campaign official, Eugenia Clarke-Harris, pleaded guilty to campaign corruption charges. In admitting to the charges, Harris disclosed that Gray's official 2010 campaign had been aided by a secret shadow campaign, using $650,000 in illegally obtained financing from wealthy D.C. contractor Jeff Thompson—a third of the total expenditures by the Gray campaign.^[47] Gray was not charged with any wrongdoing and no evidence was presented that he had any knowledge of the shadow campaign; however, U.S. Attorney Ron Machen said that the mayor was still under investigation.^[48]

On July 11, 2012, Gray acknowledged at a press conference that his mayoral campaign had had "issues" and was "not the campaign that we intended to run." He denied any intention of resigning as mayor.^[49] That same day, however, three members and former colleagues of Gray's on the D.C. Council called on Gray to resign.^[50] A poll published eight days later by The Washington Post revealed that a majority of District residents, 54 percent, believed that Gray should resign.^[51]

On March 10, 2014, United States Attorney Ronald Machen announced at a court hearing that Gray knew about businessman Jeffrey E. Thompson's conspiracy to channel more than $660,000 in illegal donations into the campaign. Gray and the businessman devised a plan in which Gray would refer to Thompson as "Uncle Earl" to conceal his identity.^[52]

At one point, Gray gave Thompson a one-page, $425,000 budget request that the businessman then funded. According to court documents, after the election Thompson gave a $10,000 check to Gray's "close family member" to settle debts with campaign workers. At Gray's request, Thompson also gave $10,000 to fund an unnamed union election campaign. After Gray was inaugurated, Thompson gave $40,000 to the mayor's "close personal friend" in part to finance home improvements.^[52]

In December 2015, prosecutors dropped the investigation into Gray's campaign citing lack of evidence. Asked about the prosecutor's decision, Bowser was quoted as saying, "I think it was appropriate to ask questions about the fairness of the 2010 mayoral campaign. The U.S. Attorney secured seven convictions related to that campaign. He says it's over, and I think like most Washingtonians, I am looking forward to moving forward".^[53]

In April 2016, the Washington Post secured the release of previously sealed documents regarding Gray's investigation. It was revealed that prosecutors did not bring charges against Gray because they were concerned about the reliability of Thompson as a witness. Thompson has multiple relationships with men, including some who may have been underage, and prosecutors feared that if he had paid money to conceal this fact that a jury would not find him credible.^[54]

2014 mayoral campaign

On December 2, 2013, Gray filed papers to run for reelection and announced his reelection campaign in a letter to supporters.^[55] On April 1, 2014, Gray was defeated in the Democratic primary by D.C. council member Muriel Bowser. His loss was attributed largely to the ongoing investigation into his 2010 campaign finances.^[53]^[56]

Second Council tenure

In February 2016, Gray announced he was running to represent Ward 7 on the Council.^[57] Gray said he was running because accomplishments in Ward 7 were slowing or stalling.^[57] Incumbent Councilmember Yvette Alexander said Gray was running for the seat just to set up for a mayoral candidacy in 2018.^[58] On June 14, Gray defeated incumbent and former protege Alexander in the Democratic primary. Gray was sworn into office for a four-year term at noon on January 2, 2017.^[59]

Electoral history

2004

Family

Gray has two children, Jonice Gray Tucker and Vincent Carlos Gray, and two grandchildren, Austin Gray Tucker and Jillian Gray Tucker.^[4] In 2012, it was revealed that Gray had passed thousands of dollars worth of Verizon Center tickets to his children. The skysuite tickets were freely provided to the Mayor's office, while Gray defended his children as "ambassadors" of the District.^[61] Gray's wife Loretta died in July 1998.^[13] Gray lives in the Hillcrest neighborhood of Ward 7.^[13] Gray is a Roman Catholic.^[62]

References

1. ^{{cite news| title=For Gray, a methodical path to the mayor's office| publisher=Washington Post| date=2010-11-02| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/02/AR2010110207069.html| author=Nikita Stewart| accessdate=2016-08-16}}
2. ^{{cite news|title=Former DC Mayor Vincent Gray to run for Ward 7 City Council Seat|work=The Washington Post|first=Abigail |last=Hauslohner |date=February 4, 2016 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-politics/former-dc-mayor-vincent-gray-to-run-for-ward-7-city-council-seat/2016/02/04/4220195a-caaa-11e5-ae11-57b6aeab993f_story.html | accessdate=2016-08-16}}
3. ^{{cite news|title=Vincent Gray wins D.C. Council seat, makes political comeback|work=The Washington Post|first=Aaron |last=Davis |date=February 4, 2016 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-politics/vincent-grays-political-comeback-looks-likely/2016/06/14/07e5fede-31b2-11e6-8758-d58e76e11b12_story.html | accessdate=2016-08-16}}
4. ^¹{{cite web |title=Voters Guide 2006 Supplement |work=The Washington Informer |date=2006-09-24 |url=http://www.washingtoninformer.com/Voters%20Guide%20REVISED%2006.pdf |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625021251/http://www.washingtoninformer.com/Voters%20Guide%20REVISED%2006.pdf |archivedate=2008-06-25 |df= }}
5. ^{{cite web |author=Martin Austermuhle |url=http://dcist.com/2010/09/vince_gray_then.php |title=Vince Gray, Then |publisher=DCist |date=2010-09-22 |accessdate=2016-08-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112203454/http://dcist.com/2010/09/vince_gray_then.php |archivedate=2016-01-12 |df= }}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://encyclopedia.gwu.edu/gwencyclopedia/index.php?title=Gray,_Vincent_Condol |archive-url=https://archive.is/20121211092853/http://encyclopedia.gwu.edu/gwencyclopedia/index.php?title=Gray,_Vincent_Condol |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2012-12-11 |title=Gray, Vincent Condol – GW Encyclopedia |publisher=Encyclopedia.gwu.edu |date= |accessdate=2013-10-14 }}
7. ^¹²{{cite news |title= D.C. mayor's race: Profiles of possible contenders |date=March 18, 2010 |work=The Washington Post |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/03/17/AR2010031703591.html |accessdate= 2016-08-16 }}
8. ^¹{{cite web |url=https://gwtoday.gwu.edu/vincent-gray-be-dc-mayor |accessdate=2017-06-18 |work=GW Today |title=Vincent Gray to be D.C. Mayor |date=November 3, 2010 |quote=George Washington University graduate Vincent Gray, B.S. '64, will be the District of Columbia's next mayor.}}
9. ^University Bulletin 1963-1964, Special Collections Research Center, Estelle and Melvin Gelman Library, The George Washington University
10. ^{{cite news |title=The Chocolate City's Two Faces |first=Nikita |last=Stewart |work=The Root |publisher=The Washington Post Company |date=September 12, 2010 |url=http://www.theroot.com/views/chocolate-citys-two-faces?page=0,1 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917145329/http://www.theroot.com/views/chocolate-citys-two-faces?page=0,1 |archivedate=2010-09-17 |df= }}
11. ^Cherry Tree Yearbook 1964, Page 188, Special Collections Research Center, Estelle and Melvin Gelman Library, The George Washington University
12. ^{{cite news |title=Gray's election means new attention for D.C. hand dancing |work=The Washington Post |first=Nikita |last=Stewart |date=December 31, 2010 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/31/AR2010123101395.html }}
13. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸{{cite web| title=About Gray| work=Council of the District of Columbia| accessdate=2010-03-29| url=http://www.dccouncil.us/gray/aboutGray.htm}}
14. ^{{cite news |title=New to Council, Gray Seeks Chairmanship |first=Elissa |last=Silverman |work=The Washington Post |date=March 26, 2006 |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/25/AR2006032501080.html }}
15. ^{{cite news |title=Gray Overcomes Patterson in Race for Powerful Seat |first=Nikita |last=Stewart |date=September 13, 2006 |work=The Washington Post |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/12/AR2006091201759.html }}
16. ^{{cite news |title=Primary Election: Summary Report: Certified Election Night Results |date=September 12, 2006 |work=District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics |url= http://www.dcboee.org/pdf_files/ey2006_primary_summary.pdf }}
17. ^{{cite news |title=DC General Election 2006: Precinct Report: Certified Official Results Report |date=November 7, 2006 |work=District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics |url= http://www.dcboee.org/pdf_files/Precinct_General_2006.pdf }}
18. ^{{cite news |title=Patterson and Gray Angling for Tiebreaker |last=Stewart |first=Nikita; Silverman, Elissa |work=The Washington Post |date=September 10, 2006 |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/09/AR2006090901409.html }}
19. ^{{cite news |title=Gray to Challenge Fenty for Mayor |work=The Washington Times |date=March 31, 2010 |url= http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/mar/31/political-scene-99388551/print/ }}
20. ^{{cite news |title=Vincent Gray Files for Mayor Run, Says 'We Can Do Better' |first=Mike |last=DeBonis |work=Washington City Paper |date=March 30, 2010 |url= http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/blogs/citydesk/2010/03/30/vincent-gray-files-for-mayor-run-says-we-can-do-better/ }}
21. ^¹{{cite news |title= D.C. Mayor Fenty's approval ratings plummet, poll finds |work=The Washington Post +|last=Stewart |first=Nikita; Cohen, Jon |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/30/AR2010013002452.html | date=January 31, 2010}}
22. ^{{cite news |title=2010 D.C. mayor's race poll |work=The Washington Post |date=August 2010 |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/polls/postpoll_082910_Ip02d.html?sid=ST2010082704169 }}
23. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.dcboee.org/election_info/election_results/results_2010.asp?prev=0&electionid=4&result_type=3 |work=The Washington Post |title=Gray defeats Fenty as voters choose conciliatory approach over brash tactics |first1=Tim |last1=Craig |first2=Nikita |last2=Stewart |date=September 15, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725221954/http://www.dcboee.org/election_info/election_results/results_2010.asp?prev=0&electionid=4&result_type=3 |archivedate=2011-07-25 |df= }}
24. ^¹{{cite news |title=Mayor sets furlough dates for D.C. workers |first=Freeman |last=Klopott |work=Examiner |location=Washington, D.C. |date=January 26, 2011 |url=http://washingtonexaminer.com/local/dc/2011/01/mayor-sets-furlough-dates-dc-workers }}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
25. ^{{cite news |title=President's Day will be furlough day for city employees |first=Nikita |last=Stewart |work=The Washington Post |date=January 26, 2011 |url= http://voices.washingtonpost.com/dc/2011/01/presidents_day_will_be_furloug.html }}
26. ^{{cite news |title=Gray Will Go on Furlough |first=John |last=Kranzberg |work=WRC-TV |publisher=MBC Universal Inc |date=February 7, 2011 |url= http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local-beat/Mayor-Gray-Will-Take-Unpaid-Furlough-115364639.html }}
27. ^ {{Dead link|date=July 2012}}
28. ^{{cite news |title=Gray, Brown differ on school vouchers |first=Mike |last=DeBonis |work=The Washington Post |date=January 25, 2011 |url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/debonis/2011/01/gray_brown_differ_on_school_vo.html }}
29. ^{{cite web|title=Mayor Vincent Gray and Councilmembers Arrested in an Act of Civil Disobedience Protesting Congressional Budget|url=http://dc.gov/DC/Mayor/About+the+Mayor/News+Room/Press+Releases/Mayor+Vincent+Gray+and+Councilmembers+Arrested+in+an+Act+of+Civil+Disobedience+Protesting+Congressional+Budget|date=April 11, 2011|work=DC.gov|accessdate=2011-04-13|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314092701/http://dc.gov/DC/Mayor/About+the+Mayor/News+Room/Press+Releases/Mayor+Vincent+Gray+and+Councilmembers+Arrested+in+an+Act+of+Civil+Disobedience+Protesting+Congressional+Budget|archivedate=March 14, 2012|df=}}
30. ^{{cite news |title=DC Mayor Protests Budget Deal, Gets Arrested|first=John|last=Brandt|work=Fox News|date=April 11, 2011 |url=http://politics.blogs.foxnews.com/2011/04/11/dc-mayor-protests-budget-deal-gets-arrested}}
31. ^{{cite news |title=Gray hires more senior staffers than Fenty did, and is paying them significantly more |first=Nikita |last=Stewart |work=The Washington Post |date=February 19, 2011 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/19/AR2011021903414.html |accessdate=March 11, 2011 }}
32. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.dcboee.org/election_info/election_results/results_2010.asp?electionid=4&prev=0&result_type=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918010101/http://www.dcboee.org/election_info/election_results/results_2010.asp?electionid%3D4%26prev%3D0%26result_type%3D1|title= 2010 Election Results |archivedate= September 18, 2010 |dead-url= yes |work= District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics }}
33. ^{{cite news |title=Fenty and Gray stick to issues; opponents attack |first=Nikita |last=Stewart |work=The Washington Post |date=July 22, 2010 |url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/dc/2010/07/fenty_and_gray_stick_to_issues.html }}
34. ^{{cite news |title=The Bigger Scandal |first=Alan |last=Suderman |work=Washington City Paper |date=February 23, 2011 |url=http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/blogs/looselips/2011/02/23/the-bigger-scandal/ |accessdate=March 11, 2011 }}
35. ^{{cite news |title=Sulaimon Brown, aide to D.C. mayor, is fired after allegations of criminal record |first=Nikita |last=Stewart |author2=Tim Craig |work=The Washington Post |date=February 25, 2011 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/24/AR2011022407597.html }}
36. ^¹{{cite news |title=Former mayoral candidate Sulaimon Brown says he struck a job deal with Vincent Gray campaign |first=Nikita |last=Stewart |work=The Washington Post |date=March 6, 2011 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/05/AR2011030504378.html |accessdate=March 11, 2011 }}
37. ^{{cite news |title=Tracking the calls |work=The Washington Post |date=March 5, 2011 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/graphic/2011/03/05/GR2011030504693.html }}
38. ^{{cite news |title=Gray acknowledges 'missteps,' calls for investigation |author=Tim Craig, Nikita Stewart and Mike DeBonis |work=The Washington Post |date=March 7, 2011 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/06/AR2011030603934.html }}
39. ^¹{{cite news |title=Loose Lips Daily: Sulaimongate Rolls On Edition |first=Alan |last=Suderman |work=Washington City Paper |date=March 10, 2011 |url=http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/blogs/looselips/2011/03/10/loose-lips-daily-sulaimongate-rolls-on-edition/ }}
40. ^¹{{cite news |title=It's time to call it 'Graygate' |work=The Georgetown Dish |date=March 10, 2011 |url=http://www.thegeorgetowndish.com/thedish/it%E2%80%99s-time-call-it-%E2%80%98graygate%E2%80%99 }}
41. ^{{cite news |title=Howard L. Brooks, consultant to D.C. Mayor Vincent Gray, linked to lottery disputes |first=Mike |last=DeBonis |work=Washington Post |date=March 9, 2011 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/09/AR2011030905639.html |accessdate=March 11, 2011 }}
42. ^{{cite news |title=Scandals, scrutiny mount on Gray administration |first=Freeman |last=Klopott |work=The Washington Examiner |date=March 10, 2011 |url=http://washingtonexaminer.com/local/dc/2011/03/scandals-scrutiny-mount-gray-administration }}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
43. ^{{cite news |title=Evans indefinitely postpones Lorraine Green's nomination to head Convention and Sports Authority |first=Tim |last=Craig |work=The Washington Post |date=March 10, 2011 |url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/dc/2011/03/evans_indefinitely_postpones_g.html}}
44. ^{{cite news |title=Vincent Gray campaign under vigorous federal scrutiny |work=The Washington Post |first=Nikita |last=Stewart |date=October 15, 2011 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-politics/vincent-gray-campaign-under-vigorous-federal-scrutiny/2011/10/13/gIQAfz0QnL_story.html}}
45. ^{{cite news |title=Vince Gray Aide Thomas Gore Pleads Guilty |work=Washington City Paper |first=Alan |last=Suderman |date=May 22, 2012 |url=http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/blogs/looselips/2012/05/22/four-points-from-thomas-gores-guilty-plea/}}
46. ^{{cite news |title=Howard Brooks pleads guilty in probe of Mayor Gray's 2010 campaign |work=The Washington Post |first=Mike |last=Debonis |author2=Tim Craig |date=May 24, 2012 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-politics/howard-brooks-pleads-guilty-in-probe-of-mayor-grays-2010-campaign/2012/05/24/gJQArf9snU_story.html}}
47. ^{{cite news |title=One City, Two Campaigns |work=Washington City Paper |first=Alan |last=Suderman |date=July 11, 2012 |url=http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/blogs/looselips/2012/07/11/one-city-two-campaigns/}}
48. ^{{cite news |title=Only The Shadow Knows |work=Washington City Paper |first=Alan |last=Suderman |date=July 10, 2012 |url=http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/blogs/looselips/2012/07/10/only-the-shadow-knows/}}
49. ^{{cite news |title=Vincent Gray says mayoral campaign had 'issues' |work=The Washington Post |first=Mike |last=DeBonis |date=July 11, 2012 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/mike-debonis/post/vincent-gray-says-mayoral-campaign-had-issues/2012/07/11/gJQAL28AdW_blog.html}}
50. ^{{cite news |title=D.C. Corruption: Calls Mount for Mayor Vincent Gray to Resign |publisher=ABC News |first=Amy |last=Bingham |date=July 12, 2012 |url=http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/dc-corruption-calls-mount-mayor-vincent-gray-resign/story?id=16764124}}
51. ^{{cite news |title=D.C. mayor Gray should resign, most residents say |work=The Washington Post |date=July 19, 2012 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/page/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2012/07/19/National-Politics/Polling/release_105.xml?uuid=Fa-LwtE9EeGDaqQyOKJ2fQ}}
52. ^¹{{cite news |title=Gray knew of 'shadow campaign,' Thompson prosecutors say; mayor says it's all a lie |work=The Washington Post |date=March 10, 2014 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/jeffrey-thompson-alleged-shadow-campaign-funder-is-charged-in-federal-court/2014/03/10/7bf6ca14-99a8-11e3-80ac-63a8ba7f7942_story.html |first1=Ann E. |last1=Marimow |first2=Matt |last2=Zapotosky |first3=Paul |last3=Schwartzman}}
53. ^¹{{cite news |last=Madden|first=Patrick|date=9 December 2015|title=D.C. Prosecutor Ends Lengthy Corruption Probe Of Former Mayor Vincent Gray|url=https://wamu.org/news/15/12/09/dc_prosecutor_ends_length_corruption_probe_of_former_mayor_vincent_gray|newspaper=WAMU|access-date=9 December 2015}}
54. ^{{cite news |title=Case against ex-D.C. mayor Gray stalled over claims key witness had credibility issue |work=The Washington Post |date=April 14, 2016 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/case-against-ex-dc-mayor-gray-stalled-over-claims-key-witness-had-credibility-issue/2016/04/14/1f20553e-018f-11e6-9203-7b8670959b88_story.html |first1=Ann E. |last1=Marimow}}
55. ^{{cite news |title= D.C. Mayor Vincent C. Gray will seek second term |work= The Washington Post |date= December 2, 2013 |first1= Mike |last1= DeBonis |first2= Ann E. |last2= Marrimow |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-politics/mayor-vincent-c-gray-will-seek-second-term/2013/12/02/b6337072-5b98-11e3-bf7e-f567ee61ae21_story.html }}
56. ^{{cite news |title= Incumbent Mayor Vince Gray concedes defeat in Democratic primary|work= CNN |date= April 1, 2014 |url= http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2014/04/01/d-c-voters-head-to-polls-in-contentious-mayoral-primary/ }}
57. ^¹Brown, Stacy M. "Vincent Gray: 'We have a lot of work to do'". Washington Informer. February 11, 2016. p. 1, 9.
58. ^Schwartzman, Paul. "Gray targets successor he anointed". The Washington Post. February 14, 2016. p. C1.
59. ^{{cite news|title=New members sworn into 2017 DC Council|work=WUSA-9|date=January 2, 2017|accessdate=January 2, 2017|url=http://www.wusa9.com/news/local/new-members-sworn-into-2017-dc-council/381248487}}
60. ^{{cite web |date= April 1, 2014 |title= Mayoral Primary Official Results |work= District of Columbia Board of Elections |url= https://www.dcboee.org/election_info/election_results/2014/April-1-Primary-Election |access-date= April 25, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140412074919/http://www.dcboee.org/election_info/election_results/2014/April-1-Primary-Election |archive-date= April 12, 2014 |dead-url= yes |df= mdy-all }}
61. ^{{cite news |title=Vincent Gray's adult children get many of city's sky suite tickets |work=WJLA |date=May 10, 2012 |first=Mark |last=Segraves |url=http://wjla.com/news/local/vincent-gray-s-adult-children-get-many-of-city-s-sky-suite-tickets-75856 }}
62. ^{{cite news |title=Gray opens campaign for D.C. mayor |work=The Washington Times |date=April 25, 2010 |first=Deborah |last=Simmons |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/apr/25/gray-opens-campaign-dc-mayor/ }}

Early life and career