| 词条 | Vinod Khosla |
| 释义 |
| name = Vinod Khosla | image = Vinod Khosla, Web 2.0 Conference.jpg | image_size = 150 | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{bda|1955|01|28}} | birth_place = India | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | residence = Portola Valley, California, US | nationality = American | education = Mount St Mary's School | alma_mater = IIT Delhi Carnegie Mellon University Stanford University | occupation = | known for = Co-founder of Sun Microsystems Founder of Khosla Ventures | home_town = | salary = | networth = US$2.7 billion (June 2018)[1] | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | boards = | spouse = Neeru Khosla | children = 4 | parents = | relatives = | website = }}Vinod Khosla (born 28 January 1955) is an Indian American billionaire engineer, businessman and venture capitalist. He is a co-founder of Sun Microsystems, and the founder of Khosla Ventures. In 2014, Forbes named him amongst the 400 richest people in the world.[2] Early life and educationKhosla's father was an officer in the Indian Army and was posted at New Delhi, India. He attended Mount St Mary's School.[3] Khosla read about the founding of Intel in Electronic Engineering Times as a teenager, and this inspired him to pursue technology as a career.[4] He did a B.Tech in electrical engineering from Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, a master's in biomedical engineering from Carnegie Mellon University, and MBA from Stanford Graduate School of Business.[5] Career{{BLP sources section|date=May 2016}}In 1980, after completing his MBA at Stanford, Khosla worked for electronic design automation company Daisy Systems. In 1982, Khosla co-founded Sun Microsystems (SUN is the acronym for the Stanford University Network), along with Stanford classmates Scott McNealy, Andy Bechtolsheim, and UC Berkeley computer science graduate student Bill Joy. Khosla served as the first chairman and CEO, from 1982 to 1984, when he left the company to become a venture capitalist. In 1986, Khosla joined the venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers as a general partner.[4] At Kleiner, Khosla became a recognized venture capitalist, with several successful early-stage investments. Khosla also played a key role with several of the tech industry's most spectacular failures, including Asera, Dynabook, BroadBand Office, Excite@Home, and many others.{{citation needed|date=April 2010}} He also invested in an Indian microfinance company, SKS Microfinance, which lends small loans to poor women in rural India. Khosla is also one of the founders of TiE, The Indus Entrepreneurs, and has guest-edited a special issue of The Economic Times (ET), a business newspaper in India.{{citation needed|date=April 2010}} In 2004, he founded Khosla Ventures. Khosla was featured on Dateline NBC in May 2006, where he discussed the practicality of ethanol as a gasoline substitute.[6] He is known to have invested heavily in ethanol companies, in hopes of widespread adoption.{{citation needed|date=July 2014}} Khosla was a major proponent of the "Yes on 87" campaign to pass California's Proposition 87, The Clean Energy Initiative, which failed to pass in November 2006. In 2006, Khosla's wife Neeru co-founded the CK-12 Foundation, which aims to develop open source textbooks and lower the cost of education in America and the rest of the world. Khosla and his wife are also donors to the Wikimedia Foundation, in the amount of $600,000.[7] Khosla Ventures{{main|Khosla Ventures}}Khosla formed his own venture capital firm, Khosla Ventures in 2004. The firm is based in Menlo Park, California,[8] and manages approximately $1 billion of investor capital as well as investments funded by Khosla himself.[9] In September 2009, Khosla completed fundraising for two new funds, to invest in cleantech and information technology start-ups. Khosla Ventures III secured $750 million of investor commitments to invest in traditional early-stage and growth stage companies. Khosla also raised $250 million for Khosla Seed, which will invest in higher-risk opportunities. In May 2010, it was announced that former British Prime Minister Tony Blair was to join Khosla Ventures to provide strategic advice regarding investments in technologies focused on the environment[10]{{failed verification|date=August 2017|talk=|reason=I have replaced the previous source given with an article from The Guardian which confirms this agreement took place, although there are no further publications to demonstrate what has come of it in the seven years since.}}. Khosla Ventures[11] also invested in HackerRank. Other accomplishments and affiliationsKhosla has founded a number of other businesses and organizations, and was involved with the founding of Daisy Systems in 1981.[5] Khosla served as the honorary chair of the DonorsChoose San Francisco Bay Area advisory board.{{citation needed|date=April 2010}} In 2007, Khosla was an award recipient in the Northern California region for the EY Entrepreneur of the Year award.[12] Khosla is a member of the board of trustees of the Blum Center for Developing Economies at the University of California, Berkeley.[13] The Center is focused on finding solutions to address the crisis of extreme poverty and disease in the developing world.[14] He is an advisor for HackerRank, a website for competitive coding.[11] Khosla is a member of the Xconomists, an ad hoc team of editorial advisors for the tech news and media company, Xconomy.[15] Khosla endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.[16] Martins Beach disputeSince 2010, Khosla has been engaged in a legal dispute surrounding public access to Martins Beach ({{coord|37.375861|-122.408465|format=dms|type:landmark}}), several miles south of Half Moon Bay, California, where he owns adjacent land.[17][18][19] His attempts to close the beach by erecting a gate with armed guards at the road entrance and painting over the welcome sign that existed prior to his ownership of the property has been the subject of legal challenges, popular resentment, and extensive press coverage.[20] Khosla won an early judgment in the California courts that determined he has a right to control the beach via the Mexican land rights guaranteed by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.[21] However, his ability to restrict access was also challenged in a suit brought by the Surfrider Foundation.[22][23] Khosla ultimately lost that suit, and San Mateo Superior Court ordered that he could not restrict public access to the beach without first obtaining a permit from the California Coastal Commission.[24] In October 2014, Governor Jerry Brown signed legislation to re-open the beach to the public.[25] Martin's Beach was previously a popular family beach and surf spot before Khosla purchased the property adjacent to the beach and blocked access.[26] The previous owners of the land had allowed the public to park at the beach for a fee, but remained free to walk down. Khosla won a victory in May 2014, when Judge Gerald Buchwald issued a ruling which concluded that Martin's Beach LLC 1 and 2, the formal owners of Martin's Beach, can block public access to the beach, due to an exemption granted by the treaty which ended the Mexican-American war. The judge concluded that Khosla's property is not subject to aspects of the California Constitution because it was originally a rancho that predated the State.[27] The Surfrider Foundation filed a second lawsuit against Khosla for violations of the California Coastal Act.[28] Khosla lost the second suit and Judge Barbara Mallach issued her final order for Khosla to open the gate.[29] Former Congressman Pete McCloskey said about the land closure, "To put a rope across the road and say, 'The hell with you' — I'd call it the arrogance of great wealth."[30][31][32] Khosla told the state that he would sell a small slice of his property in order to enable members of the public to gain access to the beach again. The offer was for $30 million, almost as much as Khosla spent on the property ($32 million).[33][34][35][36] In August 2017, a Californian court of appeal ruled that Khosla must restore public access to Martins Beach.[37] The decision was widely seen as a major blow to Khosla and other billionaires who have sought to restrict access to previously public beaches in California.[38] The plaintiffs, Surfrider Foundation, stated that they expected Khosla to take the case all the way to the US Supreme Court.[39] In 2018 Khosla filed an appeal with the Supreme Court.[40] The New York Times noted: "If (Khosla) wins, he could reshape the laws that govern 1,100 miles of (California) shore. And if he loses, all he would be forced to do is apply for a permit to change the hours of operation on a single gate."[41] In October 2018, the Supreme Court announced that they would not hear the appeal of the California appeals court decision.[42] Additional legal disputesThe Martin's beach dispute is referenced in Martti Vallila's Bannana in the Legal Gulag; Exposing Trickery and Manipulation,[43] Amazon, 2015 which also describes disputes between Khosla and Russian inventor Vladimir Poponin. Personal lifeHe is married to Neeru Khosla, his "childhood girlfriend".[44][45] They have four children.[46][47] See also
References1. ^{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Vinod Khosla |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/vinod-khosla/ |website=Forbes |accessdate=29 June 2018}} 2. ^{{cite web |title=Vinod Khosla, 4 other Indian Americans on Forbes US' richest list |url=https://www.firstpost.com/business/vinod-khosla-4-other-indian-americans-on-forbes-us-richest-list-461927.html |website=Firstpost |date=December 20, 2014}} 3. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/21789982/Vinod-Khosla| title=Vinod Khosla Biography| publisher=Scribd| date=29 October 2009| accessdate=27 July 2014}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.computerhistory.org/events/bio/Vinod,Khosla|title=Vinod Khosla|publisher=Computer History Museum|accessdate=June 19, 2017}} 5. ^1 {{Citation| title = Vinod Khosla and Sun Microsystems (A)| last = Bhide| first = Amar V.| date = 14 December 1989| publisher = Harvard Business Publishing| url = http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cb/web/product_detail.seam?E=20605&R=390049-PDF-ENG| archive-url = https://archive.is/20140805011542/http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cb/web/product_detail.seam?E=20605&R=390049-PDF-ENG| dead-url = yes| archive-date = 5 August 2014}} 6. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/12676374/| title=A simple solution to pain at the pump?| first=Stone| last=Phillips| date=7 May 2006| publisher=Dateline NBC| accessdate=27 July 2014}} 7. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wikimedia-pegs-future-on-education-not-profit-3271984.php| title=Wikimedia pegs future on education, not profit| last=Cadelago| first=Chris| date=24 August 2008| work=San Francisco Chronicle| accessdate=27 July 2014}} 8. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.khoslaventures.com/team| title=Khosla Ventures: Our Team| website=Khoslaventures.com| accessdate=27 July 2014}} 9. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.economist.com/node/18304172| title=Brain scan: Betting on green| date=10 March 2011| publisher=The Economist| accessdate=27 July 2014}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/may/25/blair-lands-silicon-valley-job|title=Tony Blair lands job with Silicon Valley's Khosla Ventures|last=Clark|first=Andrew|date=25 May 2010|newspaper=The Guardian|publisher=|accessdate=11 August 2017}} 11. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.hackerrank.com/team |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-06-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624195542/https://www.hackerrank.com/team |archivedate=24 June 2016 |df=dmy-all }} 12. ^ {{dead link|date=August 2017}} 13. ^{{cite web| url=http://blumcenter.berkeley.edu/about/people/board/| title=Trustees of the Blum Center for Developing Economies| website=Blumcenter.berkeley.edu| date=1 February 2010| accessdate=27 July 2014}} 14. ^{{cite web|url = http://blumcenter.berkeley.edu/about/about-the-center/|title = Mission|website = Blumcenter.berkeley.edu|accessdate = 27 July 2014|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140812055814/http://blumcenter.berkeley.edu/about/about-the-center/|archive-date = 12 August 2014|dead-url = yes|df = dmy-all}} 15. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.xconomy.com/about/#The%20Xconomists|title=About Our Mission, Team, and Editorial Ethics|work=Xconomy|access-date=2018-01-02}} 16. ^Mandelbaum, R., [https://www.forbes.com/sites/robbmandelbaum/2016/09/23/more-business-leaders-sign-on-with-clinton/#4d1ff10750b0n More Business Leaders Sign On With Clinton], Forbes, September 23, 2016. 17. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_24380282/vinod-khosla-wins-key-martins-beach-battle| title=Vinod Khosla wins key Martins Beach battle| first=Aaron| last=Kinney| date=24 October 2013| publisher=San Jose Mercury News| accessdate=27 July 2014}} 18. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/ci_21883978/court-filing-mysterious-owner-beach-paradise-is-asked|title = Mysterious owner of San Mateo County beach paradise is asked to let the outside world in|first = Bruce|last = Newman|date = 29 October 2012|publisher = San Jose Mercury News|accessdate = 27 July 2014|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140811010025/http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/ci_21883978/court-filing-mysterious-owner-beach-paradise-is-asked|archivedate = 11 August 2014|df = dmy-all}} 19. ^{{gnis|1659070|Martins Beach}} 20. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-martins-beach-20140513-story.html| title=Billionaire who barred access to Martin's Beach takes stand| first=Lee| last=Romney| website=Latimes.com| date=12 May 2014| accessdate=27 July 2014}} 21. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Martins-Beach-fight-heads-to-state-Capitol-5508024.php| title=Martins Beach fight heads to state Capitol| first=Melody| last=Gutierrez| date=28 May 2014| newspaper=SFGate| publisher=San Francisco Chronicle| accessdate=27 July 2014}} 22. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.mercurynews.com/san-mateo-county-times/ci_24217383/setback-martins-beach-access-movement| title=Setback for Martins Beach access movement| first=Aaron| last=Kinney| date=2 October 2013| publisher=San Jose Mercury News| accessdate=27 July 2014}} 23. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Surfers-sue-over-blocked-beach-access-4349486.php| title=Surfers sue over blocked beach access| first=Peter| last=Fimrite| date=22 June 2014| publisher=San Francisco Chronicle| accessdate=27 July 2014}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/24/judge-rules-for-public-access-to-martins-beach-doesnt-fine-developer/|title=Judge Rules for Public Access to Martins Beach, Doesn’t Fine Owner|author=|date=25 September 2014|website=Kqed.org|accessdate=19 July 2017}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/2014/10/14/governor-signs-martins-beach-legislation-sb-968-calls-for-negotiations-to-begin-with-silicon-valley-billionaire-to-restore-public-access-to-the-beach/|title=Governor signs Martins Beach legislation SB 968 calls for negotiations to begin with Silicon Valley Billionaire to restore public access to the beach|date=14 October 2014|website=Mercurynews.com|accessdate=17 August 2017}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://southvalley.com/battle-of-the-beach/|title=Battle of the beach - South Valley Magazine - SouthValley.com|author=|date=14 July 2017|website=Southvalley.com|accessdate=19 July 2017}} 27. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-mateo-county-beach-access-20131025-story.html| title=Venture capitalist wins round in fight to block public beach access| work=Los Angeles Times| first=Lee| last=Romney| date=25 October 2013| accessdate=27 July 2014}} 28. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/Martins-Beach-billionaire-evades-questions-on-5472928.php| title=Martins Beach billionaire evades questions on stand| first=Peter| last=Fimrite| date=13 May 2014| publisher=San Francisco Chronicle| accessdate=27 July 2014}} 29. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Judge-orders-billionaire-to-open-gate-to-Martins-5938974.php| title=Judge orders billionaire to open gate to Martines Beach| first=Peter| last=Fimrite| date=8 December 2014| publisher=San Francisco Chronicle| accessdate=8 December 2014}} 30. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.modernluxury.com/san-francisco/story/bummer-beach| title=Bummer Beach| first=Chris A.| last=Smith| website=Modernluxury.com| date=26 March 2014| accessdate=27 July 2014}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.surfrider.org/coastal-blog/entry/surfrider-foundation-sues-to-open-martins-beach-to-the-public|title=Surfrider Foundation Sues to Open Martin’s Beach to the Public|author=|date=|website=Surfrider.org|accessdate=19 July 2017}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/03/23/martins-beach-vinod-khoslas-claim-to-land-beneath-pacific-ocean-appears-dead/|title=Martins Beach: Vinod Khosla’s claim to land beneath Pacific Ocean appears dead|author=|date=23 March 2016|website=Mercurynews.com|accessdate=19 July 2017}} 33. ^A billionaire is willing to bring back public access to Martins Beach — for a price, Los Angeles Times, April 24, 2016 34. ^Gina Hall [https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2017/06/20/vinod-khosla-martins-beach-public-access.html Billionaire Khosla gears up for another beachfront battle in Half Moon Bay] Bizjournals.com June 20, 2017 35. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-nelsen-public-access-martins-beach-surfrider-vinod-khosla-20170630-story.html|title=California's beaches belong to the public — not to the one percent|author=|date=30 June 2017|accessdate=20 July 2017|newspaper=Los Angeles Times}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://sd13.senate.ca.gov/news/2017-06-20-california-seizing-public-beach-billionaire|title=California is Seizing a Public Beach from a Billionaire|author=|date=30 June 2017|website=Ca.gov|accessdate=20 July 2017}} 37. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.courts.ca.gov/opinions/documents/A144268.PDF|title=Court ruling|last=|first=|date=9 August 2017|website=Courts.ca.gov|access-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811183426/http://www.courts.ca.gov/opinions/documents/A144268.PDF|archive-date=11 August 2017|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 38. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/aug/10/martins-beach-california-public-vinod-khosla|title=Silicon Valley billionaire loses bid to prevent access to public beach|last=Levin|first=Sam|date=2017-08-10|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-08-11|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}} 39. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/State-appeals-court-tells-billionaire-he-must-11749183.php|title=Court to billionaire: Open the gate to Martins Beach|work=San Francisco Chronicle|access-date=2017-08-11}} 40. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-martins-beach-supreme-court-20180306-story.html|title=With Supreme Court challenge, tech billionaire could dismantle beach access rights — and a landmark coastal law|last=Xia|first=Rosanna|website=latimes.com|access-date=2018-03-06}} 41. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/30/technology/vinod-khosla-beach.html?imp_id=45110670&action=click&module=In%20Other%20News&pgtype=Homepage&action=click&module=News&pgtype=Homepage|title=Every Generation Gets the Beach Villain It Deserves|work=New York Times|access-date=2018-08-30}} 42. ^{{Cite news|url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2018/10/01/martins-beach-supreme-court-not-hearing-vinod-khosla-appeal/|title=Supreme Court Won’t Hear Case Over Martins Beach Access|work=CBS News|access-date=2018-10-01}} 43. ^{{cite web|url=http://marttivallila.com/bannana-books/|title=Bannana Books -|author=|date=|website=Marttivallila.com|accessdate=19 July 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703210635/http://marttivallila.com/bannana-books/|archivedate=3 July 2017|df=dmy-all}} 44. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiasavchuk/2015/06/29/neeru-khosla-wife-of-billionaire-venture-capitalist-wants-to-fix-education-with-software/#24f466b66cd1|title=Neeru Khosla, Wife Of Billionaire Venture Capitalist, Wants To Fix Education With Software|first=Katia|last=Savchuk|date=|website=forbes.com|accessdate=31 August 2018}} 45. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/03/business/a-capitalist-venturing-in-the-world-of-computers-and-religion.html|title=A Capitalist Venturing in the World of Computers and Religion|first=Laura M.|last=Holson|date=|website=nytimes.com|accessdate=31 August 2018}} 46. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/02/vinod-khosla-beach-lawsuit|title=Tech Billionaire Takes “Get Off My Lawn!” Case to the Supreme Court|first=Bess|last=Levin|date=|website=vanityfair.com|accessdate=31 August 2018}} 47. ^{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/us-canada-news/Indian-American-venture-capitalist-Vinod-Khosla-hosts-dinner-for-Obama/articleshow/20484494.cms|title=Indian-American venture capitalist Vinod Khosla hosts dinner for Obama - Times of India|author=|date=|website=indiatimes.com|accessdate=31 August 2018}} External links
| url=http://www.fastcompany.com/898665/king-green-investing | title=The King of Green Investing | first=Richard | last=Shaffer | date=1 July 2008 | publisher=Fast Company}}
| url=http://www.economist.com/node/10766460 | title=From geeks to greens | date=28 February 2008 | publisher=The Economist}}
|years = 1982–1984}}{{s-aft|after = Scott McNealy}}{{s-bef|before = first}}{{s-ttl|title = Chairman of Sun Microsystems |years = 1982–1984}}{{s-aft|after = Scott McNealy}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Khosla, Vinod}} 19 : 1955 births|American billionaires|American technology chief executives|American people of Punjabi descent|American technology company founders|Carnegie Mellon University College of Engineering alumni|Carnegie Mellon University trustees|American chairmen of corporations|Giving Pledgers|Indian company founders|Indian emigrants to the United States|Indian Institute of Technology Delhi alumni|Living people|Businesspeople from Delhi|Stanford Graduate School of Business alumni|Sun Microsystems people|American venture capitalists|American businessmen of Indian descent|Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers people |
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