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词条 Ain ez Zarqa
释义

  1. References

{{Coord|34|21|08|N|36|22|23|E|display=title}}Ain ez Zarqa (also spelled Ayn ez Zarqa or Ain-el-Zerqa) is a natural artesian karst spring located south of Hermel in the Beqaa Governorate, Lebanon.[1] Producing an average of 3,435 gallons per second, it is the main source of the Orontes River.[2][3] Because of its heavy flow, it is characterized as a first-magnitude spring.[4] It sits beneath the caves at Deir Mar Maroun, an ancient monastery carved into the cliffs that surround the spring.[5] Melting snow from these nearby heights supplements the spring's large groundwater reservoir, in the Jurassic and Cretaceous strata.[2] It is estimated that the spring's phreatic zone reservoir contains as much as 10 billion cubic metres of storage.[3] As a result, its flow has been less affected by overpumping and drought than other springs in the Orontes river basin.[6]

References

1. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tzsRk0hvb_MC&pg=PA215|title=Lebanon|date=1 March 2012|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-370-2|pages=215–|author=Paul Doyle|accessdate=15 October 2012}}
2. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=34|quote=|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.|via=}}
3. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=B29oAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT403&dq=ain+ez+zarqa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjf7PLllvjRAhXHMGMKHXOpDTAQ6AEIODAG#v=snippet&q=orontes&f=false|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant: c. 8000-332 BCE|last=Steiner|first=Margreet L.|last2=Killebrew|first2=Ann E.|date=2014-01-16|publisher=OUP Oxford|year=|isbn=9780191662546|location=|pages=376|language=en|quote=|via=}}
4. ^{{Cite journal|last=Edgell|first=H. S.|date=1997-09-01|title=Karst and hydrogeology of Lebanon|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03175419|journal=Carbonates and Evaporites|language=en|volume=12|issue=2|pages=220|doi=10.1007/BF03175419|issn=1878-5212}}
5. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qiyY1CKE9SIC&pg=PA49|title=History of Baalbek|publisher=Book Tree|year=1999|isbn=978-1-58509-063-1|pages=49–|author1=Michel M. Alouf|author2=Tedd St Rain|accessdate=15 October 2012}}
6. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Gr0ODAAAQBAJ&pg=PA56&dq=ain+ez+zarqa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjf7PLllvjRAhXHMGMKHXOpDTAQ6AEIMzAF#v=onepage&q=zarqa&f=false|title=Karst without Boundaries|last=Stevanović|first=Zoran|last2=Krešić|first2=Neven|last3=Kukurić|first3=Neno|date=2016-04-14|publisher=CRC Press|year=|isbn=9781498787734|location=|pages=54-57|language=en|quote=|via=}}

3 : Bodies of water of Lebanon|Karst springs|Springs of Lebanon
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