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词条 Aleppo offensive (October–November 2016)
释义

  1. The offensive

  2. Aftermath

  3. International reactions

  4. Notes

  5. References

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2016}}{{infobox military conflict
|conflict = Aleppo offensive (October–November 2016)
|width = 350px
|partof = the Battle of Aleppo (Syrian Civil War)
|image = Aleppo rebel Oct2016 offensive.svg
|image_size = 300px
|caption = Map showing rebel offensive (green arrows, blue dotted captured area) and government counteroffensive (red arrows, blue and red dotted captured areas){{leftlegend|#EDC4BE|Syrian Army control}}{{leftlegend|#CDEBC9|Opposition control (including al-Nusra Front)}}{{leftlegend|#FFFF00|SDF control}}{{leftlegend|#B4B2AE|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant control}}{{leftlegend|olive|Confrontation or unclear situation}}
|date = 28 October – 12 November 2016
({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=10|day1=28|year1=2016|month2=11|day2=12|year2=2016}})
|place = Aleppo, Syria
|territory =
|result = Decisive Syrian Army and allies victory
  • Rebels captured the Minyan Industrial district,[1] most of the Dahiyat Al-Assad district and half of the Minyan residential district[2]
  • Army recaptures all areas lost during the offensive, as well as during the summer campaign[1]

|combatant1= {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Syria.svg}} Syrian Arab Republic
{{flag|Russia}}
{{flag|Iran}}
Liwa al-Quds[2]
{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} Hezbollah[3]
{{flagicon image|}} Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba[3]
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg}} Ba'ath Brigades
{{flagicon image|Fatemiyoun Seal.svg}} Liwa Fatemiyoun[2]
{{flagicon image|Liwa Zainebiyoun infobox flag.png}} Liwa Zainebiyoun[2]
|combatant2={{flagicon image|Emblem of the Jaish al-Fatah.svg|border=no}} Army of Conquest
{{flagicon image|Fatah Halab operations room.jpg|border=no}} Fatah Halab
{{flagicon image|Flag of Ansar al-Islam.svg}} Ansar al-Islam[4]
{{flagicon image|Emblem of the Ansar al-Deen Front.svg}} Jabhat Ansar al-Din[4]
|commander1={{flagicon image|Syrian Armed Forces Flag.svg}} Maj. Gen. Zaid Saleh[5]
(Head of Aleppo security committee)
{{flagicon image|Syrian Armed Forces Flag.svg}} Gen. Iyad Mindo[6]
(Head of Aleppo Air Force Intelligence Directorate branch)
{{flagicon image|Syrian Armed Forces Flag.svg}} Maj. Gen. Suheil Al Hassan[7]
(Tiger Forces chief commander)
{{flagicon image|Syrian Armed Forces Flag.svg}} Col. Mohammad Jaber[8]
(Desert Hawks Brigade commander)
{{flagicon|Iran}} Hadi Zahid{{KIA}}[9]
(Quds Force operations leader in Aleppo)
{{flagicon|Iran}} Brig. Gen. Mohammad Hosseini Rafei[10]
(Imam Sajjad Brigade commander, alleged killed)
{{flagicon image|}} Akram al-Kaabi[11]
(leader of Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba)
|commander2={{flagicon image|Flag of Jabhat Fatah al-Sham.svg}} Abu Mohammad al-Julani[4]
(leader of Jabhat Fateh al-Sham)
{{flagicon image|Flag of Jabhat Fatah al-Sham.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria.svg}} Abu Omar al-Turkistani[12]
(JFS and TIP senior commander)
{{flagicon image|Al-Liwaa.svg}} Tawfiq Shahab al-Din[13]
(leader of Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki)
{{Flagicon image|Logo of Jaysh al-Sunna.png}} Ammar Bouqai[13]
(leader of Jaysh al-Sunna)
{{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} Saqr Abu Quteiba[13]
(leader of Fastaqim Union)
{{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} Ammar Sakkar[14]
(Fastaqim Union spokesman)
{{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} Abu Amr[13]
(leader of the Levant Front)
|units1 ={{flagicon image|Syrian Armed Forces Flag.svg}} Syrian Armed Forces
  • {{flagicon image|Syrian Arab Army Flag.svg}} Syrian Army
    • 1st Armoured Division
    • 4th Mechanized Division
    • Republican Guard
    • Tiger Forces[7]
    • Desert Hawks Brigade[8]
  • {{flagicon image|InfoboxNDF.png}} National Defence Forces
  • Local Defence Forces[15]
    • Baqir Brigade[16]
  • Military Intelligence Directorate
  • Air Force Intelligence Directorate
  • {{flagicon image|Syrian Air Force Flag.svg}} Syrian Arab Air Force
{{flagicon image|Banner of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (obverse).svg}} Russian Armed Forces
  • {{flagicon image|Flag of the Air Force of the Russian Federation.svg}} Russian Air Force
  • {{flagicon image|Morskaja pehota Rossii.gif|border=no}} Naval Infantry advisors[17]
IRGC
  • IRGC Ground Forces[2]
    • Imam Sajjad Takavar Brigade of Kazerun[10]
    • 25th Karbala Division[18]
  • Quds Force[2]
  • Basij[2]
{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} Hezbollah
  • Lebanese Hezbollah units[16]
  • Syrian Hezbollah units
    • National Ideological Resistance[16][19]

|units2 ={{flagicon image|Emblem of the Jaish al-Fatah.svg|border=no}} Army of Conquest
  • {{flagicon image|Flag of Jabhat Fatah al-Sham.svg}} Jabhat Fateh al-Sham
    • Inghimasi units[4]
    • Ansar Jihad[12]
  • {{flagicon image|Flag of Ahrar ash-Sham.svg}} Ahrar al-Sham[4]
  • {{Flagicon image|Flag of Ajnad al-Sham.png}} Ajnad al-Sham[13]
  • {{flagicon image|Flag of the Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria.svg}} Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria (TIP)[4]
  • {{flagicon image|Al-Liwaa.svg}} Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki[13]
  • {{Flagicon image|Logo of Jaysh al-Sunna.png}} Jaysh al-Sunna[13]
  • {{flagicon image|Infobox Ajnad al-Kavkaz flag.png}} Ajnad al-Kavkaz[20]{{better source|SPS|date=August 2018}}
{{flagicon image|Fatah Halab operations room.jpg|border=no}} Fatah Halab
  • {{flagicon image|Flag of the Sham Legion.svg}} Sham Legion[4]
  • {{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} Free Syrian Army
    • Fastaqim Union[13]{{efn|The Fastaqim Union was effectively destroyed in course of rebel infighting in early November 2016, and mostly merged with Ahrar al-Sham, though remnants of the group remained active.[21]}}
    • Levant Front[13]
    • {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Army of Mujahedeen (Syria).png}} Army of Mujahideen[13]
    • {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Jaysh al-Nasr.svg}} Jaysh al-Nasr[13]
    • {{flagicon image|Logo of the Free Idlib Army.svg}} Free Idlib Army[4]
    • {{flagicon image|Insignia of the 13th Division.svg}} 13th Division[13]
    • {{flagicon image|Flag of the Northern Division (Syrian rebel group).jpg}} Northern Division[13]
    • Central Division[13]
    • Jaish al-Tahrir[13]
    • {{flagicon image|Flag of the Sultan Murad Brigade.png}} Sultan Murad Division[4]
    • Authenticity and Development Front[4]
  • {{flagicon image|Logo of Jaysh al-Islam.jpg}} Jaysh al-Islam[4]
  • Al-Tawhid Brigade[13]
  • 1st Regiment[4]

|strength1={{flagicon image|Syrian Armed Forces Flag.svg}} 1,000+ regular soldiers[22]
1,200–6,500 Liwa Al-Quds fighters[23]
|strength2=2,000–6,500 fighters[22][24]{{better source|dead link and forum|date=August 2018}}
22 main battle tanks[25]{{better source|Is there a more reliable source for this?|date=August 2018}}
15 infantry fighting vehicles[25]{{better source|Is there a more reliable source for this?|date=August 2018}}
|casualties1=165 killed, 200–300+ wounded (per the Inside Source)[26]

152 killed (per the SOHR)[27]


|casualties2=297 killed, 350–400+ wounded (per the Inside Source)[28]
260 killed (per the SOHR)[27]
|casualties3=96–127 civilians killed[1][29]
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Syrian Civil War}}{{Campaignbox Battle of Aleppo}}
}}

The Aleppo offensive of October–November 2016, named the "Battle of the Hero Martyr Abu Omar Saraqib" by the Army of Conquest,[4] refers to a military operation launched on the western outskirts of Aleppo at the end of October 2016 by rebel forces in Syria, against the Syrian government forces and its allies. The aim of the offensive was to establish a new supply line into Aleppo city, after an Army-initiated summer campaign had cut off all rebel access to Aleppo.

The rebels called the operation "the mother of all battles", or "the grand battle of Aleppo", and described it as possibly deciding the outcome of the war.[30][31][32]

After making early advances, the rebel offensive soon slowed and stalled.[33] By mid-November, government troops regained control of all areas lost at the start of the rebel offensive, as well as areas lost in the earlier rebel offensive during the summer campaign.[1]

The offensive

On 28 October, rebel forces outside Aleppo fired more than 150 shells, mainly BM-21 Grad rockets, at western Aleppo and the Aleppo International Airport, killing more than 15 civilians and wounding at least 100.[34] Rebel groups then announced that they had begun an offensive against the city after detonating three suicide car bombs,[35] one of which was a tank driven by a French Jabhat Fateh al-Sham suicide bomber.[36] The Army also reportedly destroyed two or four other car bombs.[34][37]

Rebels in tanks, armored vehicles, bulldozers, makeshift mine sweepers, pick-up trucks and on motorcycles approached the city.[38] The offensive took place along a 15-kilometer stretch of the frontline.[39] Following the attack by the suicide-bombers on the western outskirts of the city, the rebels seized the Minyan Sawmills, Al-Surah Checkpoint,[40][41] the Cardboard Factory and most of the Dahiyat Al-Assad suburb,[42][43] while government troops withdrew to the eastern side of the district so they would not be overrun.[44]

Concurrently, a rebel attack from the southwest in the area of the 1070 Housing Project was repelled,[24] with one rebel tank destroyed[37] and the Army retaining its presence in the northeast section of the Housing Project. Rebel attacks on the nearby 3000 Housing Project and the northwestern Zahra district were also repelled.[24][45]

In all, up to eight car bombs, some remotely controlled, were detonated or destroyed at the start of the offensive.[37] In the evening, the Army launched several surface-to-surface missiles on rebel positions in the west of the city.[46]

The next day, government forces launched a counter-attack[47] against Minyan Industrial and Dahiyat Al-Assad districts. Fighting also took place at the 1070 Housing Project.[48] Later, the rebels started shelling the Hamdaniyah district, in preparation for a new assault, and soon after a suicide car bomb exploded near the Zahra district.[49] The assault against Zahra was eventually repelled,[50][51] while government troops managed to retake several positions in Dahiyat Al-Assad, where a second suicide car bombing of the day took place.[52] However, by the evening, the rebels managed to take control of the Minyan residential district.[53]

Over the next two days, back and forth fighting took place[54] at the Minyan district,[55][56][57] and as of 31 October, control of the district was divided in half.[58]

During this time, the Army had also conducted a new counter-attack against Dahiyat Al-Assad.[59][60] The rebels also launched their own assault on the New Aleppo district[61] and the 1070 and 3000 Housing Projects, where two suicide car bombers blew themselves up.[62] A rebel tank and a technical were destroyed in the fighting at the 3000 Housing Project.[63] During the clashes, the rebels reportedly shelled a residential area of the Hamdaniyah district with chlorine gas,[64] leaving one civilian dead and 15 people injured.[65] The rebels denied this and claimed government forces had themselves used poison gas at one point of the frontline.[64] Ultimately, the rebel attack on the 3000 Housing Project as well as the nearby military complex was repelled.[66]

By 31 October, the rebel offensive had slowed due to heavy government resistance and pro-government forces had taken the initiative.[66] Three days into the offensive, the rebels were in control of the Minyan Industrial district,[24] most of the Dahiyat Al-Assad district and half of the Minyan residential district.[67] The frontline had stabilized[68] and settled into a stalemate.[54][69] Since the start of the offensive, the rebels had used 12 suicide car bombers in their attacks.[70]

On 3 November, the rebels launched the second phase of their offensive, with a triple suicide-bombing against Army positions in the western part of the New Aleppo district and at the Minyan district,[67] in an attempt to revitalize the operation since it had made little progress after the first day.[71] They managed to advance and capture several positions.[72] The rebels also assaulted the 3000 Housing Project and the Al-Assad Military Academy.[73] During the clashes, another rebel tank was destroyed,[72][74] as well as two Army anti-tank positions.[73] Still, the rebels were not able to break into New Aleppo[75] and their assault was repelled.[76][77]

On 6 November, Army special forces and Hezbollah militiamen launched a counter-attack on the southwestern edge of Aleppo, advancing in the area of Al-Mutha hill and the 1070 Housing Project.[78][79][80] The next day, government forces broke through the rebel's first line of defense on Tal Rakhem hill,[81] making advances,[82] while also seizing six buildings in the 1070 Housing Project.[83][84][85] Later that day, government forces further advanced in the area and managed to impose fire control over the nearby al-Hikmah school.[86]

On 8 November, government troops fully captured the 1070 Housing Project, as well as three nearby hills. The rebels additionally withdrew from al-Hikmah school, so to regroup at the Rashiddeen 5 Suburb, but the Army had not yet reached the school due to heavy rebel shelling.[87][88][89] Later, government troops launched a large assault inside the Dahiyat Al-Assad and Minyan districts, recapturing Minyan and reportedly advancing inside Dahiyat Al-Assad.[87][90] That night, the rebels managed to recapture the western half of Minyan.[91] The next day, government troops seized the strategic Hikmah school and secured the Hikmah area, while they made their first push towards the Rashiddeen 5 and Aqrab districts in southwest Aleppo.[92][93][94] Later, government troops made their first assault against the Rashiddeen 5 and Aqrab districts in southwest Aleppo.[95]

On 10 November, government troops recaptured half of the Dahiyat Al-Assad district,[96] including the Science Academy and nearby church.[97] Violent clashes continued between government troops and the rebels in the western part of the district, around the Sourah and Shair checkpoints.[98] The next day, the rebels recaptured all areas lost in Dahiyat Al-Assad,[99][100] but a new Army attack on the district was soon under way[101] and they once again regained several areas.[102] In an attempt to stop the Army's counter-attack, the rebels sent reinforcements.[103] Concurrently, government forces recaptured the entire Minyan residential district after breaking the rebel's last line of defense.[104][105] The Army then continued with its assault, attacking the nearby Minyan Sawmills and Carton Factory,[106] and seized the factory. Fighting continued at the sawmills and the Tires Barracks.[107] Later that evening, the Army retook control of Dahiyat Al-Assad district.[108]

On 12 November, the Army attacked and captured the Sourah checkpoint, west of Dahiyat Al-Assad, turning their attention then to the northern perimeter of the Souq Al-Jabas area.[109][110] They also fully secured the Minyan industrial district[111] after recapturing the Minyan Sawmills.[112] By this point, government forces had regained control of all areas lost at the start of the rebel offensive, as well as areas lost in the earlier rebel offensive during the summer campaign.[33][1][113][114]

Aftermath

{{main|Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)}}

Following the successful campaign by pro-government forces, the rebels in eastern-Aleppo were given 24 hours to surrender before the Army started an offensive to completely recapture the rebel-held districts in the east.[115]

After the offensive, food and medicine were reportedly smuggled from the YPG-held Sheikh Maqsood into rebel-held eastern Aleppo.[116]

International reactions

Amnesty International stated that the "armed opposition groups have displayed a shocking disregard for civilian lives", deploying weapons "whose use in the vicinity of densely populated civilian areas flagrantly violates international humanitarian law". The organization called the rebel groups to "end all attacks that fail to distinguish between military targets and civilians".[117]

The United Nations special envoy for Syria, Staffan de Mistura, expressed that he was "appalled and shocked" by the attacks targeting civilians in Aleppo.[118] He later stated that some rebel groups had been preventing civilians leaving eastern Aleppo.[119]

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

1. ^1 2 3 Regime forces Re-gain control and advance over rebels in Aleppo city
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/10/irgc-commander-killed-on-eve-of-aleppo-battle.php|title=IRGC commander killed on eve of Aleppo battle|publisher=The Long War Journal|author=Amir Toumaj|date=28 October 2016|accessdate=28 October 2016}}
3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.qasioun.net/en/news/show/40799/prisoners_of_Hezbollah_and_nujaba_with_Jayesh_Al_Fatih|title=prisoners of Hezbollah and nujaba with Jayesh Al Fatih|publisher=Qasioun News|date=28 October 2016|accessdate=28 October 2016}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/10/jihadists-and-other-rebels-launch-new-offensive-in-aleppo.php|title=Jihadists and other rebels launch new offensive in Aleppo|publisher=The Long War Journal|author=Thomas Joscelyn|date=30 October 2016|accessdate=30 October 2016}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/NewsReports/567371-aleppo-will-be-secured-very-soon-regime-figure|title=Aleppo will be secured "very soon": regime figure|first=Albin|last=Szakola|date=22 September 2016|publisher=NOW.|accessdate=23 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923173023/https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/NewsReports/567371-aleppo-will-be-secured-very-soon-regime-figure|archive-date=23 September 2016|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/NewsReports/567381-notorious-aleppo-intelligence-chief-moved-from-post|title=Notorious Aleppo intelligence chief moved from post|first=Albin|last=Szakola|date=26 September 2016|publisher=NOW.|accessdate=27 September 2016}}
7. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/prominent-syrian-army-commander-arrives-aleppo/|title=Prominent Syrian Army commander arrives in Aleppo|author=Leith Fadel|date=29 October 2016|publisher=al-Masdar News|accessdate=29 October 2016}}
8. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/elite-pro-government-forces-arrive-aleppo/|title=Elite pro-government forces arrive in Aleppo|author=Leith Fadel|date=25 October 2016|publisher=al-Masdar News|accessdate=25 October 2016}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.eldorar.com/node/3683|title=IRGC’s Commander perished in #Aleppo|publisher=El-Dorar Al-Shamia|date=8 November 2016|accessdate=11 November 2016}}
10. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://en.eldorar.com/node/3608|title=(IRGC) Loses more Generals in #Aleppo ’s battles|publisher=El-Dorar Al-Shamia|date=30 October 2016|accessdate=31 October 2016}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/NewsReports/567389-iraqi-militia-chief-claims-israel-bombed-group-in-syria|title=Iraqi militia chief claims Israel bombed group in Syria|first=Albin|last=Szakola|date=27 September 2016|publisher=NOW.|accessdate=28 September 2016}}
12. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/02/uighur-jihadist-fought-in-afghanistan-killed-in-syria.php|title=Uighur jihadist fought in Afghanistan, killed in Syria|author=Caleb Weiss|publisher=Long War Journal|date=14 February 2017|accessdate=22 February 2017}}
13. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 {{cite web|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/blog/2016/10/28/whos-involved-in-the-rebels-aleppo-offensive-the-cliff-notes|title=Who's involved in the rebels' Aleppo offensive? The cliff-notes|work=The New Arab|date=28 October 2016}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hickoryrecord.com/news/world/ap/syrian-rebels-launch-aleppo-offensive-to-break-siege/article_83593ea9-58a1-5e63-8994-a642441e84d1.html|title=Syrian rebels launch Aleppo offensive to break siege|work=AP|date=28 October 2016|access-date=28 October 2016|archive-url=https://archive.is/20161029142442/http://www.hickoryrecord.com/news/world/ap/syrian-rebels-launch-aleppo-offensive-to-break-siege/article_83593ea9-58a1-5e63-8994-a642441e84d1.html|archive-date=29 October 2016|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/18859/the-local-defence-forces-regime-auxiliary-forces|title=The Local Defence Forces: Regime Auxiliary Forces in Aleppo|work=Syria Comment|author=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi|date=23 May 2016}}
16. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.qasioun.net/en/news/show/40873/Shiite_Armed_Militias_Geographical_Distribution_In_Aleppo |title=Shiite Armed-Militias Geographical Distribution In Aleppo |work=Qasioun News |date=29 October 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019190600/http://www.qasioun.net/en/news/show/40873/Shiite_Armed_Militias_Geographical_Distribution_In_Aleppo |archivedate=19 October 2017}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-troops-head-aleppo-city/|title=Russian troops head to Aleppo City|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=29 August 2016|publisher=al-Masdar News|accessdate=30 August 2016}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.eldorar.com/node/3688|title=Studies: Iranian-backed militias’ loses in #Aleppo for six months|publisher=El-Dorar Al-Shamia|date=9 November 2016|accessdate=11 November 2016}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/19110/syrian-hezbollah-militias-of-nubl-and-zahara|title=Syrian Hezbollah Militias of Nubl and Zahara'|work=Syria Comment|author=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi|date=15 August 2016}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://syrianwardaily.wordpress.com/2017/03/20/the-path-of-jihad-from-caucasus-to-syria/ |title=The Path of Jihad from Caucasus to Syria |work=Syrian War Daily |author=Joško Barić |date=20 March 2017 |accessdate=16 January 2018}}
21. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=53841|title=Zenki and Abu Amarah control all headquarters of Fastaqim Kama Umirt, the leaders of which go to Ahrar al-Sham|publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights|date=3 November 2016|accessdate=3 November 2016}}
22. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.wsoctv.com/news/syria-tv-rebel-shelling-in-aleppo-kills-3-children-1-adult/462051528|title=Syria rebels keep up offensive on western Aleppo|author=AP|publisher=WSOCTV|accessdate=30 October 2016}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/thousands-pro-government-reinforcements-sent-west-aleppo-reports/|title=Thousands of pro-government reinforcements sent to west Aleppo: reports|work=al-Masdar News|author=Leith Fadel|date=3 November 2016}}
24. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.insidesourcenews.com/single-post/2016/10/29/Battle-for-Aleppo-Summary-Day-1|title=Battle for Aleppo Summary: Day 1|work=The Inside Source|date=29 October 2016}}
[https://forum.krstarica.com/showthread.php/750242-Rat-u-Siriji-i-Iraku-vesti-i-analize/page694]
25. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201611011046945033-moderate-opposition-shells-aleppo/|title=Over 2,000 'Moderates' Shell Aleppo Using 45 Vehicles - Russian MoD|first=|last=Sputnik|publisher=|accessdate=5 November 2016}}
26. ^[https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/797327204489129984] [https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/797772005026037760]
27. ^1 209 killed yesterday including 70 regime forces
28. ^[https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/797326922434740224] [https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/797445401578045440]
29. ^{{cite web|url=https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201611031047025865-militants-aleppo-offensive/|title=Militants Launch Offensive in Aleppo During Humanitarian Pause, Kill 127 People|first=|last=Sputnik|publisher=|accessdate=5 November 2016}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2016/10/syrian-rebels-launch-aleppo-counterattack-161028081848190.html|title=Syrian rebels launch Aleppo counterattack|publisher=}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2016/10/islamists-hit-syrian-army-convoy-near-aleppo-dozens-killed/|title=Islamists rebels hit Syrian Army convoy bound for Aleppo, dozens killed - ARA News|date=30 October 2016|publisher=|accessdate=30 October 2016}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/syrian-rebels-push-west-against-assad-forces-aleppo-515958|title=Syrian rebels push West against Assad forces in Aleppo|date=1 November 2016|publisher=|accessdate=8 November 2016}}
33. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-aleppo-idUSKBN13709H|title=Syrian army and allies make gains in Aleppo|date=12 November 2016|publisher=|via=Reuters}}
34. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-offensive-idUSKCN12S0QP|title=Syria monitor group says rebel shelling kills more than 15 in west Aleppo|work=Reuters|date=28 October 2016}}
35. ^3 suicide car attacks target regime forces in Aleppo leading to violent clashes
36. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-37798924|title=Syrian rebels 'start Aleppo offensive'|work=BBC|date=28 October 2016}}
37. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.insidesourcenews.com/single-post/2016/10/28/Rebels-Launch-Huge-Battle-For-West-Aleppo|title=Rebels Launch Huge Battle For West Aleppo!|publisher=The Inside Source}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-offensive-idUSKCN12S0QP|title=Syrian rebels launch Aleppo counter-attack to break siege|date=28 October 2016|publisher=|via=Reuters}}
39. ^Rebels advance over regime forces in Aleppo
40. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/jaysh-al-fateh-launches-massive-offensive-break-aleppo-siege/|title=Jaysh Al-Fateh launches massive offensive to break Aleppo siege|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=28 October 2016|publisher=}}
41. ^15 killed while 100 injured by missiles targeted western Aleppo
42. ^The Factions win the first round of the grand battle of Aleppo and control most of al-Assad Suburb
43. ^{{Cite web|url=http://orient-news.net/en/news_show/125981/0/Opposition-captures-a-group-of-Hezbollah-Harakat-al-Nujaba-mercenaries-in-Aleppo|title=Opposition captures a group of Hezbollah, Harakat al-Nujaba mercenaries in Aleppo|last=|first=|date=28 October 2016|website=Orient News|publisher=|access-date=}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/jaysh-al-fateh-seizes-large-suburb-west-aleppo/|title=Jaysh Al-Fateh seizes large suburb in west Aleppo|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=28 October 2016|publisher=}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/battle-aleppo-heats-syrian-army-stops-islamist-offensive-tracks/|title=Battle for Aleppo heats up as the Syrian Army stops Islamist offensive in its tracks|first=Chris|last=Tomson|date=28 October 2016|publisher=}}
46. ^{{cite tweet|user=InsideSourceInt|author=The Inside Source|number=792165832570773504|date=29 October 2016|title=#Syria // #Aleppo // SAA launched several large Surface to surface missiles onto rebel positions across Western Aleppo just now.}}
47. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-29/syria-gov-launch-offensive-against-rebels/7977808|title=Syrian government forces launch counter-offensive against Aleppo rebels|date=29 October 2016|publisher=|accessdate=30 October 2016}}
48. ^Regime forces attempt to regain control of areas they lost in the first round of Aleppo battle
49. ^[https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/792315154503393280] [https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/792315412020989952]
50. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/islamist-rebels-attack-along-entire-frontline-western-aleppo-map-update/|title=Islamist rebels attack along the entire frontline in western Aleppo - Map update|first=Chris|last=Tomson|date=29 October 2016|publisher=|accessdate=30 October 2016}}
51. ^{{cite tweet|user=InsideSourceInt|author=The Inside Source|number=792355541876039681|date=29 October 2016|title=#Syria // #Aleppo // Rebel attack on the Zahra front has been halted. Dozen rebel casualties at least.|accessdate=31 October 2016}}
52. ^جمعية الزهراء تشهد المعارك الأعنف والأضخم وضربات جوية وصاروخية مكثفة ترافق الاشتباكات المتواصلة في ثاني أيام معركة حلب
53. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/aleppo-battle-syrian-army-regains-minyan-amid-intensifying-battles-map-update/|title=Aleppo Battle: Syrian Army regains Minyan amid intensifying battles. Map Update|first=Zen|last=Adra|date=30 October 2016|publisher=|accessdate=31 October 2016}}
54. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://syriadirect.org/news/regime-rebel-forces-grind-into-third-day-of-fight-for-aleppo-city/|title=Regime, rebel forces grind into third day of fight for Aleppo city|publisher=|accessdate=31 October 2016}}
55. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-retakes-crucial-district-western-aleppo/|title=Syrian Army retakes crucial district in western Aleppo|first=Chris|last=Tomson|date=29 October 2016|publisher=|accessdate=30 October 2016}}
56. ^قوات النظام تعاود التقدم في منطقة منيان بأطراف حلب الغربية وقصف بمئات القذائف استهدف المدينة وجبهات القتال اليوم
57. ^[https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/792477127119474688] [https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/792839597105348608] [https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/793078797520076800]
58. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-attempt-recapture-lost-territory-west-aleppo/|title=Syrian Army, Hezbollah attempt to recapture lost territory in west Aleppo|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=31 October 2016|publisher=|accessdate=5 November 2016}}
59. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-begins-counter-assault-key-suburb-southwest-aleppo/|title=Syrian Army begins counter-assault at key suburb in southwest Aleppo|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=30 October 2016|publisher=|accessdate=30 October 2016}}
60. ^{{cite tweet|user=InsideSourceInt|author=The Inside Source|number=792498244777488384|date=29 October 2016|title=#Syria // #Aleppo // Fresh reports of elite SAA units beginning to counter at AlAssad are true. Heavy clashes beginning to ignite once more.|accessdate=31 October 2016}}
61. ^{{cite tweet|user=InsideSourceInt|author=The Inside Source|number=792528951683932161|date=30 October 2016|title=#Syria // #Aleppo // Fierce clashes erupt as rebels begin storming 'New Aleppo' .|accessdate=31 October 2016}}
62. ^[https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/792659479691005952] [https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/792662740435292160]
63. ^{{cite tweet|user=InsideSourceInt|author=The Inside Source|number=792683647392329728|date=30 October 2016|title=#Syria // #Aleppo // Rebel tank taken out near the 3000 apartment area alongside a mounted technical.|accessdate=31 October 2016}}
64. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-gas-idUKKBN12U0E8?il=0|title=Aleppo fighting spreads amid accusations of gas attack|first=Suleiman Al-Khalidi and Tom|last=Perry|publisher=|accessdate=31 October 2016}}
65. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/aleppo-update-rebels-use-poisonous-gas-battles-intensify/|title=Aleppo Update: Rebels use poisonous gas as battles intensify|first=Zen|last=Adra|date=30 October 2016|publisher=|accessdate=31 October 2016}}
66. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/10/syria-rebel-assault-break-aleppo-siege-slows-161031130219379.html|title=Syria: Rebel assault to break Aleppo siege slows|publisher=|accessdate=31 October 2016}}
67. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/2nd-phase-battle-aleppo-begins-suicide-bombers-attack-syrian-army/|title=2nd phase of battle for Aleppo begins as suicide bombers attack the Syrian Army|first=Chris|last=Tomson|date=3 November 2016|publisher=|accessdate=5 November 2016}}
68. ^{{cite tweet|user=InsideSourceInt|author=The Inside Source|number=793235200452857856|date=31 October 2016|title=#Syria // #Aleppo // Front lines have stabilised, no notable change in territorial control over the last day.|accessdate=5 November 2016}}
69. ^{{cite web|url=http://syriadirect.org/news/aleppo%E2%80%99s-hamdaniyah-district-unwilling-frontline-in-newest-assault-on-regime-held-west/|title=Aleppo’s Hamdaniyah district unwilling frontline in newest assault on regime-held west|publisher=|accessdate=5 November 2016}}
70. ^Jaish al-Fateh announces the end of the first round and issues a “recommendations”, Muhaysini incites for fighting
71. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/reuters/article-3902020/Rebels-step-Aleppo-offensive-three-car-bombs.html|title=Rebels step up Aleppo offensive with three car bombs|publisher=|accessdate=5 November 2016}}
72. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/no-russian-air-presence-aleppo-despite-massive-jihadist-attack/|title=No Russian air presence in Aleppo despite massive jihadist attack|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=3 November 2016|publisher=|accessdate=5 November 2016}}
73. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/islamist-rebels-rain-missiles-residential-neighbourhoods-western-aleppo/|title=Islamist rebels rain missiles over residential neighbourhoods in western Aleppo|first=Chris|last=Tomson|date=3 November 2016|publisher=|accessdate=5 November 2016}}
74. ^{{cite tweet|user=InsideSourceInt|author=The Inside Source|number=794117910545321984|date=3 November 2016|title=#Syria // #Aleppo // Rebel tank taken out in Al Assad suburb.|accessdate=5 November 2016}}
75. ^{{cite tweet|user=InsideSourceInt|author=The Inside Source|number=794140451691298816|date=3 November 2016|title=#Syria // #Aleppo // Rebels have not entered New Aleppo as of now. Situation is tense and clashes are ongoing.|accessdate=5 November 2016}}
76. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/islamist-offensive-syrian-army-positions-western-aleppo-ends-disaster/|title=Islamist offensive on Syrian Army positions in western Aleppo ends in disaster|first=Chris|last=Tomson|date=3 November 2016|publisher=|accessdate=5 November 2016}}
77. ^[https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/794287258136289280] [https://twitter.com/Syria_Rebel_Obs/status/794277862132088832]
78. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-gains-ground-western-aleppo-tiger-forces-launch-counter-offensive/|title=Syrian Army gains ground in western Aleppo as Tiger Forces launch counter-offensive|first=Chris|last=Tomson|date=6 November 2016|publisher=|accessdate=8 November 2016}}
79. ^{{cite tweet|user=InsideSourceInt|author=The Inside Source|number=795366684001304576|date=6 November 2016|title=#Syria // #Aleppo // Hezbollah & SAA special forces are now advancing in South Aleppo, onto Tel Mutah.|accessdate=8 November 2016}}
80. ^30 killed in Aleppo and continued clashes in the city
81. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-resumes-offensive-operations-southwest-aleppo/|title=Syrian Army resumes offensive operations in southwest Aleppo|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=7 November 2016|publisher=|accessdate=8 November 2016}}
82. ^Continued clashes in Aleppo and 36 killed in the past 48 hours
83. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-advances-southwest-aleppo-district/|title=Syrian Army advances in southwest Aleppo district|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=7 November 2016|publisher=|accessdate=8 November 2016}}
84. ^{{cite tweet|user=InsideSourceInt|author=The Inside Source|number=795603039474229249|date=7 November 2016|title=You heard it here first, hours ago. SAA made some advances in the 1070 area.|accessdate=8 November 2016}}
85. ^قوات النظام تحقق تقدماً في أطراف مشروع 1070 شقة ومزيد من الشهداء في قذائف على القسم الغربي من المدينة
86. ^Regime’s Helicopters and warplanes raid Aleppo city and its western countryside and violent clashes at the outskirts and western outskirts of the city
87. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-aleppo-idUSKBN133125|title=Syrian army says takes Aleppo district, rebels say battle continues|date=8 November 2016|publisher=|accessdate=8 November 2016|via=Reuters}}
88. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/latest-battlefield-update-southwest-aleppo-map/|title=Latest battlefield update from southwest Aleppo: map|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=8 November 2016|publisher=|accessdate=8 November 2016}}
89. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-capture-territory-southwest-aleppo-jihadist-defenses-crumble/|title=Syrian Army, Hezbollah capture more territory in southwest Aleppo as jihadist defenses crumble|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=8 November 2016|publisher=|accessdate=8 November 2016}}
90. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-launches-major-assault-west-aleppo/|title=Syrian Army launches major assault on west Aleppo|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=8 November 2016|publisher=|accessdate=8 November 2016}}
91. ^The regime forces and militiamen loyal to them retreat to east of Menyan after fierce clash against the factions and Fatah al-Sham
92. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-strategic-area-southwest-aleppo-jihadists-continue-mass-retreat/|title=Syrian Army captures strategic area in southwest Aleppo as jihadists continue mass retreat|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=9 November 2016|publisher=}}
93. ^Attempts by the regime to advance in western Aleppo after taking over al-Hekma school
94. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2016/11/10/regime-advances-in-aleppo-amid-worlds-preoccupation-with-trump|title=Regime advances in Aleppo amid world's preoccupation with Trump|first=The New Arab &|last=agencies|publisher=}}
95. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/latest-battlefield-update-southwest-aleppo-map-2/|title=Latest battlefield update from southwest Aleppo: map|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=9 November 2016|publisher=}}
96. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-seizes-half-al-assad-suburb-west-aleppo/|title=Syrian Army seizes half of Al-Assad Suburb in west Aleppo|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=11 November 2016|publisher=}}
97. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-breaks-jihadist-lines-western-aleppo/|title=Syrian Army breaks through jihadist lines in western Aleppo|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=10 November 2016|publisher=}}
98. ^تواصل الاشتباكات العنيفة في القسم الشرقي من ضاحية الأسد بأطراف حلب الجنوبية الغربية
99. ^{{cite tweet|user=InsideSourceInt|author=The Inside Source|number=797019937415909376|date=11 November 2016|title=#Syria // #Aleppo // Rebels regained complete control of the Al Assad suburb after pushing back advancing SAA infantry.}}
100. ^الجيش السوري يسيطر على المثلث الجنوبي من ضاحية الاسد بحلب
101. ^{{cite tweet|user=InsideSourceInt|author=The Inside Source|number=797064011032317952|date=11 November 2016|title=#Syria // #Aleppo // SAA once again attempting to seize the Al Assad suburb. Heavy clashes continue.}}
102. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/ap/article-3926588/Russia-says-militants-used-chemical-weapons-Syria.html|title=Russia, Syria's rebels clash on chemical weapons use claims|publisher=}}
103. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/jaysh-al-fateh-reinforcements-arrive-west-aleppo-stop-syrian-army-offensive/|title=Jaysh Al-Fateh reinforcements arrive to west Aleppo to stop Syrian Army offensive|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=11 November 2016|publisher=}}
104. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-key-aleppo-suburb-jihadist-defenses-collapse/|title=Syrian Army captures key Aleppo suburb after jihadist defenses collapse|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=11 November 2016|publisher=}}
105. ^8 شهداء على الأقل في ضربات جوية استهدفت بلدة كفر داعل وقوات النظام تستعيد السيطرة على منيان
106. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-pushes-west-minyan-suburb-aleppo/|title=Syrian Army pushes west of Minyan Suburb in Aleppo|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=11 November 2016|publisher=}}
107. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-roll-western-aleppo-islamist-rebels-suffer-devastating-losses/|title=Syrian Army on the roll in western Aleppo as Islamist rebels suffer devastating losses|first=Chris|last=Tomson|date=11 November 2016|publisher=}}
108. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-seizes-important-suburb-western-aleppo/|title=Syrian Army seizes important suburb in western Aleppo|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=11 November 2016|publisher=}}
109. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-continues-rapid-advance-west-aleppo-map/|title=Syrian Army continues rapid advance in west Aleppo: map|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=12 November 2016|publisher=}}
110. ^{{cite tweet|user=InsideSourceInt|author=The Inside Source|number=797340431528775680|date=12 November 2016|title=Syria // #Aleppo // Checkpoint West of Al Assad suburb is now in SAA hands.}}
111. ^Aerial escalation at the western countryside of Aleppo causes casualties and the regime forces re-control Manasher Menyan
112. ^[https://twitter.com/Syria_Hezb_Iran/status/797491996428500993] [https://twitter.com/EmmanuelGMay/status/797503340842287104]
113. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/ap/article-3929668/Syrian-troops-reverse-rebel-advance-west-Aleppo.html|title=Syrian troops reverse rebel advance west of Aleppo|publisher=}}
114. ^{{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/mena/syria/syria-regime-eroding-rebel-gains-in-aleppo-monitor-1.1928207|title=Syria regime eroding rebel gains in Aleppo: monitor|first=|last=AFP|date=12 November 2016|publisher=}}
115. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-gives-jihadists-24-hours-surrender-launching-massive-offensive-aleppo/|title=Syrian Army gives jihadists 24 hours to surrender before launching massive offensive in Aleppo|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=13 November 2016|publisher=}}
116. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.aawsat.com/2016/11/article55362033/aleppo-deadlock-eased-kurdish-merchants|title=Aleppo Deadlock Eased by Kurdish Merchants|work=Aawsat|date=13 November 2016|access-date=14 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114165846/http://english.aawsat.com/2016/11/article55362033/aleppo-deadlock-eased-kurdish-merchants|archive-date=14 November 2016|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
117. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/10/syria-end-unlawful-attacks-in-western-aleppo-city-by-armed-opposition-groups/|title=Syria: Armed opposition groups must end unlawful attacks in western Aleppo|work=Amnesty|date=31 October 2016}}
118. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-37816938|title=Aleppo siege: UN envoy Mistura 'appalled' by rebel attacks|date=30 October 2016|publisher=|accessdate=8 November 2016|via=www.bbc.com}}
119. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/aleppo-battle-syrian-civil-war-latest-advance-russia-ready-for-talks-withdrawal-opposition-jihadists-a7453996.html |title=Aleppo: Russia 'ready for talks' on rebel withdrawal as Syrian forces continue advance on besieged districts |author=Lizzie Dearden |newspaper=The Independent |date=3 December 2016 |accessdate=4 December 2016}}
{{Syrian Civil War}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Aleppo offensive (October-November 2016)}}

10 : Aleppo Governorate in the Syrian Civil War|Aleppo in the Syrian Civil War|Military operations of the Syrian Civil War in 2016|Military operations of the Syrian Civil War involving the Syrian government|Military operations of the Syrian Civil War involving Hezbollah|Military operations of the Syrian Civil War involving Russia|Military operations of the Syrian Civil War involving Jabhat Fateh al-Sham|Military operations of the Syrian Civil War involving the Free Syrian Army|October 2016 events in Asia|November 2016 events in Asia
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