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词条 Alexander A. Clerk
释义

  1. Early life and family

  2. Education and training

  3. Academic and medical career

  4. Personal life

  5. Selected works

      Abstracts    Book chapters    Journal publications  

  6. References

{{short description|Ghanaian-American psychiatrist and sleep specialist}}{{EngvarB|date=June 2017}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}{{Infobox medical person
| name = Alexander Adu Clerk
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|5|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = Cape Coast, Gold Coast
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = {{unbulleted list|British subject (1947 - 1957)|Ghanaian-American}}
| education = {{unbulleted list|Achimota School|University of Ghana (MBChB)|Loma Linda University|Stanford University}}
| known_for = {{unbulleted list|Director, Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine| (1990 – 1998)|Contributions to sleep medicine}}
| relations = {{unbulleted list|Alexander Worthy Clerk (great-grandfather)|Regina Hesse (great-grandaunt)}}
| module2 = {{Infobox scientist
| embed = yes
| field = {{hlist|Psychiatry|Sleep medicine}}
| workplaces = {{unbulleted list|Loma Linda University School of Medicine|Stanford University School of Medicine}}
}}
}}Alexander Adu Clerk (born 13 May 1947) is a Ghanaian-American academic, psychiatrist and sleep medicine specialist who was the Director of the world's first sleep medical clinic, the Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine from 1990 to 1998.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Clerk is also a Fellow of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.[1]

Early life and family

{{further|Clerk family}}

Alexander Adu Clerk was born in Cape Coast in the Central Region of Ghana in 1947 to Charles Andrew Clerk (c. 1891 – 1977), a civil servant who had done administrative stints in the northern Nigerian cities of Kano and Zaria.[1] C. A. Clerk was also a colporteur of the Hansen Road Seventh-Day Adventist Church in Accra.[8] His mother was Dorothy Esi Mensima Holdbrook. His paternal grandfather, Charles Emmanuel Clerk (died c. 1932) worked in the colonial Gold Coast Civil Service as an interpreter and Secretary to the Governor, and was earlier a newspaper publisher in Nigeria. Alexander A. Clerk is a fourth generation descendant of the historically important Clerk family of Accra, Ghana.[9][10] He is a great-grandson of Alexander Worthy Clerk, a Jamaican Moravian missionary who arrived in the Danish Protectorate of Christiansborg (now the suburb of Osu) in Accra in the Gold Coast in 1843, as part of the original group of 24 West Indian missionaries who worked under the auspices of the Basel Evangelical Missionary Society of Basel, Switzerland.[11][12][13][10] A.W. Clerk was a pioneer of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana and a leader in education in colonial Ghana, establishing a boarding middle school in Osu, the Salem School in 1843. His paternal great-grandmother, Pauline Hesse was from the Gold Coast, and was of Danish, German and Ga-Dangme heritage.[14] His great-grandaunt was Regina Hesse (1832 ─ 1898), a pioneer educator and school principal who worked with the Basel Mission on the Gold Coast.[14] His granduncle, Nicholas Timothy Clerk (1862 – 1961), a Basel-trained theologian and missionary was elected the first Synod Clerk of the Presbyterian Church of the Gold Coast from 1918 to 1932[15][11] and a founding father of the all boys’ boarding high school, the Presbyterian Boys’ Secondary School established in 1938.[16][9]

His uncle, Carl Henry Clerk (1895 – 1982), an editor, agricultural educator, school administrator, Presbyterian minister and journalist was elected the fourth Synod Clerk of the Presbyterian Church of the Gold Coast from 1950 to 1954[17][18] and served as the Editor of the Christian Messenger, the news bulletin of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana from 1960 to 1963.[18] Another uncle, Theodore S. Clerk (1909 – 1965) was the first Ghanaian architect of the Gold Coast who planned and developed the port city of Tema.[19][20][21] A. A. Clerk's aunts were Jane E. Clerk (1904 – 1999), a Gold Coast woman pioneer in education administration and Matilda J. Clerk (1916 – 1984), the second Ghanaian woman to become a physician.[22]

His cousin, Nicholas T. Clerk (1930 – 2012), served as the Rector of the Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA), the Vice-Chairman of the [https://www.psc.gov.gh/ Public Services Commission of Ghana] and the Chairman of the Public Services Commission of Uganda from 1989 to 1990.[16][16][23] Another cousin, George C. Clerk (born 1931) is a pioneering Ghanaian botanist.[24][25][26] Pauline M. Clerk (1935 - 2013), a diplomat and presidential advisor, was also his cousin.[27][28][29]

Education and training

A. A. Clerk had his early education at Presbyterian and Seventh Day Adventist mission schools in Osu and Bekwai in the Greater Accra and Ashanti Regions respectively.[1] After completing his secondary education at Achimota School, he studied medicine at the University of Ghana Medical School, graduating in 1975.[1] He completed a residency in psychiatry at the Loma Linda University School of Medicine.[1] For clinical and fellowship training in sleep medicine, he attended the Stanford University School of Medicine.[1]

Academic and medical career

Between 1975 and 1978, Clerk was a medical officer at the Effia-Nkwantah Hospital, Sekondi in the Western Region of Ghana.[1] Later, he became an assistant professor of psychiatry at the Loma Linda University School of Medicine.[1] He was also an attending physician and was appointed the Chief Director of the Outpatient Psychiatric Clinic and the Mental Hygiene Clinic at the Loma Linda Veteran Administration Hospital from 1984 to 1989.[1] A. A. Clerk was also a consulting psychiatrist with the Riverside County Mental Health Department.[7] Clerk was a clinical assistant professor and later, a clinical associate professor of psychiatry at the Stanford University School of Medicine.[1] He was an attending physician and associate director of the Stanford Sleep Disorders Clinic at Stanford University Medical Center, part of the Stanford Health Care system, rising to become the Director of the world's first sleep medical clinic,[30] the Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine from 1990 to 1998 where he was responsible for clinical operations, sleep research and supervised training of other medical specialists.[1][2][4][5][6] Over the course of his career, he has published numerous scientific articles, book chapters and abstracts pertaining to the science of sleep.[1]

Clerk has done medical outreach work in the United States, Canada, Côte d'Ivoire and his native Ghana.[1] Alexander Clerk is a founding member and Western Region Director of the Ghana Physicians and Surgeons Foundation based in New York City to promote specialist training, professional development in medicine and associated fields in Ghana.[1] He is a member of the Fellowship Training Committee of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.[1] He has been board certified by the American Board of Sleep Medicine and is a Diplomate of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology and a Fellow of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.[1] Clerk has also been affiliated to the Kaiser Permanente San Jose Medical Center.[31] He is the current Director of Sleep Medicine Services at the O'Connor Health Center based in San Jose, California.[1]

Personal life

Alexander A. Clerk is married to Cynthia V. Clerk (née Oblitey) with three children, Sandra, Andrew and Dorothy.[32] His siblings include the late Major (retired) Adolf N. Clerk, a military officer, Patrick A. Clerk, a dentist and James S. Clerk, an artist educator.[33][34] Alexander Clerk is the President of the Valley View University Foundation, established to promote academic excellence and scholarship at the Valley View University located in Oyibi, on the Dodowa-Nsawam Road In Ghana.[35] A residential hall at the Valley View University is named Clerk Hall in honour of Clerk's family.[36] Clerk has also served as the President of the Pacific Ghanaian Adventist Fellowship (PaGAF).[37]

Selected works

Abstracts

  • Guilleminault, C.; Stoohs, R.; Maistros, P.; Clerk A. (1991) “Idiopathic hypersomnia revisited; the unknown upper airway resistance syndrome.” Sleep Research: 20:251
  • Valencia-Flores M.; Bliwise, D.; Guilleminault, C.; Rhodes, N.; Clerk A. (1992) “Gender differences in sleep architecture in apnea syndrome.” Sleep Research: 21:271
  • Dantz, B.; Edgar, E.M.; Clerk, A.; Keenan, S.; Seidel W.F.; Dement, W.C. (1992) “Narcoleptics on a 90 minute day: Circadian variations in sleep latencies and tympanic temperature.” Sleep Research: 21: 369
  • Clerk, A; Duncan, S.; Guilleminault, C. (1992), “Resistance perception during wakefulness in subjects with partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep.” Sleep Research: 21: 186

Book chapters

  • Christian Guilleminault, Riccardo Stoohs, Alex Clerk, Mindy Cetel, Paul Maistros (1993). “The Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome, Sleep Apnea and Rhonchopathy.” Togawa K, Katayama S, Hisihikawa Y, Ohta Y, Horie T (eds.): Basel: Karger, pp. 62–65
  • Alex Clerk, Vincent Zarcone. (1996) “Impotence: Sleep Clinic Assessment. Treating Sexual Disorders.” Randolph S. Charltoon (ed): Publisher Jossey Bass, San Francisco, CA, Chapter 4, pp. 123–125

Journal publications

  • Valencia-Flores, M.; Bliwise, D; Guilleminault, C.; Rhodes, N.; Clerk A. (1992): “Gender differences in sleep architecture in sleep apnea syndrome.” Journal of Sleep Research 1, 51-53
  • Guilleminault, C.; Stoohs, R.; Clerk, A.; Simmons, J.; Labanowski, M. (1992): “From obstructive sleep apnea syndrome to upper airway resistance syndrome: Consistency of daytime sleepiness.” Sleep 15:S13-S16
  • Guilleminault, C.; Clerk, A.; Stoohs, R. (1993): “Daytime somnolence: Therapeutic approaches.” Clinical Neurophysiology 23, 23-33
  • Guilleminault, C.; Clerk, A.; Labanowski, M.; Simmon, J.; Stoohs, R. (1993): “Cardiac Failure and Benzodiazepines.” Sleep 16 (6):524-528
  • Guilleminault, C.; Stoohs, R.; Labanowski, M.; Simmons, J.; Clerk, A. (1993): “Cardiac Failure, snoring, ventricular arrhythmias and nasal bilevel positive pressure ventilation.” Sleep 16: S139- S140
  • Guilleminault, C.; Stoohs R.; Clerk, A., Simmons J., Labanowski M. (1993): “Excessive daytime somnolence in women with abnormal respiratory efforts during sleep.” Sleep 16:S137-S138
  • Guilleminault, C.; Stoohs, R.; Clerk, A.; Cetel M., Maistros P. (1993): “A cause of excessive daytime sleepiness: The upper airway resistance syndrome.” Chest 104 (3): 781-787
  • Clerk, A.; Duncan, S.; Guilleminault, C. (1994): “Load detection in subjects with sleep-induced upper airway obstruction.” Am J. Respir. Crit. Care Med 149:727-730
  • Riley, R.W.; Powell, N.B., Guilleminault, C.; Clerk, A.: “Obstructive sleep apnea and the hyoid bone – a revised surgical procedure.” Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surgery
  • Riley, R.W.; Powell N.B.; Guilleminault, C.; Clerk A.; Troell, R. (1995): “Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Trends in Therapy of a Major Public Health Problem.” West I Med: 143-8
  • Kushida, C.; Clerk, A.; Kirsch, C.; Hotson, J.; Guilleminault, C. (1995): “Prolonged Confusion With Nocturnal Wandering Arising From NREM and REM Sleep: A Case Report.” Sleep: 757-64
  • Guilleminault, C.; Pelayo, R.; Clerk, A.; Leger, D.; Bocian, R. (1995): “Home Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Infants with Sleep-Disordered Breathing.” Journal of Pediatrics: 905-12.
  • Guilleminault, C.; Clerk, A.; Black, J. et al. (1995) "Nondrug Treatment Trials in Psychophysiologic Insomnia". Archives of Internal Medicine. 155 (8) 838-844[38]
  • Newman, J. P.; Clerk, A.; Moore, M.; Utley, D. S.; Terris, D. J. (1996). "Recognition and Surgical Management of the Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome". The Laryngoscope. 106 (9): 1089–1093[39][40]
  • Guilleminault, C; Stoohs, R; Kim, Y; Chervin, R; Black, J; Clerk, A. (1995) “Upper Airway sleep-disordered breathing in women.” Ann Int Med: 122 (7):493-501
  • Guilleminault, C.; Pelayo, R.; Leger, D.; Clerk, A. (1996), Bocian, R. C. “Recognition of sleep-disordered breathing in children.” Pediatrics: 871-82
  • Valencia-Flores, M.; Bliwise, D. L.; Guilleminault, C.; Cilveti, R.; Clerk, A. (1996) “Congnitive function in patients with sleep apnea after acute nocturnal nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment: sleepiness and hypoxemia effects.” J Clin. Exp. Neuropsychology: 197-210
  • Terris, D. J.; Clerk, A.; Norbash, A. M.; Troell, R. J. (1996). "Characterization of postoperative edema following laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty using MRI and polysomnography: implications for the outpatient treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome." The Laryngoscope. 106 (2 Pt 1): 124–128[41][42]
  • Utley, D. S.; Shin, E. J.; Clerk, A.; Terris, D. J. (1997). "A Cost-Effective and Rational Surgical Approach to Patients With Snoring, Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome, or Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome". The Laryngoscope. 107 (6): 726–734[43]

References

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26. ^{{cite web|url=http://gaas-gh.org/fellowship/|title=Fellowship|website=gaas-gh.org|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330011437/http://gaas-gh.org/fellowship/|archivedate=30 March 2017|deadurl=no|access-date=2017-04-05|df=}}
27. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=pNjMDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA513&lpg=PA513&dq=pauline+clerk+diplomat+ghana#v=onepage&q=pauline%20clerk%20diplomat%20ghana&f=false|title=The Statesman's Year-Book 1962: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations|last=Steinberg|first=S.|date=2016-12-27|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780230270916|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112171312/https://books.google.com/books?id=pNjMDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA513&lpg=PA513&dq=pauline+clerk+diplomat+ghana&source=bl&ots=Y-7q7EETsw&sig=i5r4oZqszx94pgk-1GPo9CBFVo0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjY-93ZnsbYAhXQ21MKHVfUDk8Q6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=pauline%20clerk%20diplomat%20ghana&f=false|archivedate=12 January 2018|deadurl=no|df=dmy-all}}
28. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=6NbMDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA514&lpg=PA514&dq=pauline+clerk+diplomat+ghana#v=onepage&q=pauline%20clerk%20diplomat%20ghana&f=false|title=The Statesman's Year-Book 1963: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations|last=Steinberg|first=S.|date=2016-12-27|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780230270923|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112171312/https://books.google.com/books?id=6NbMDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA514&lpg=PA514&dq=pauline+clerk+diplomat+ghana&source=bl&ots=1NoNfXNGXX&sig=SRAnHnze_QvqKNjT1GypkfX3m0M&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjY-93ZnsbYAhXQ21MKHVfUDk8Q6AEILzAC#v=onepage&q=pauline%20clerk%20diplomat%20ghana&f=false|archivedate=12 January 2018|deadurl=no|df=dmy-all}}
29. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=O43LDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA484&lpg=PA484&dq=pauline+clerk+diplomat+ghana#v=onepage&q=pauline%20clerk%20diplomat%20ghana&f=false|title=The Statesman's Year-Book 1964-65: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations|last=Steinberg|first=S.|date=2016-12-26|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780230270930|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112171313/https://books.google.com/books?id=O43LDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA484&lpg=PA484&dq=pauline+clerk+diplomat+ghana&source=bl&ots=AiqyBbH-AN&sig=odZlLsm3AS5IHiygv99aKDsvXvw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjY-93ZnsbYAhXQ21MKHVfUDk8Q6AEIMTAD#v=onepage&q=pauline%20clerk%20diplomat%20ghana&f=false|archivedate=12 January 2018|deadurl=no|df=dmy-all}}
30. ^{{Cite web|url=http://sleep.stanford.edu/clinical/|title=Clinical Program - The Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine - Stanford University School of Medicine|website=sleep.stanford.edu|language=en|access-date=2017-09-26|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911015358/http://sleep.stanford.edu/clinical/|archivedate=11 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}
31. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.medicinenet.com/doctors/insomnia/fcc31742-6475-4cee-b4e6-35dc9efdfa0b/alexander-clerk/fremont-ca_doctor.htm|title=Dr. Alexander A Clerk Sleep Specialist Fremont, CA MedicineNet|work=MedicineNet|access-date=2018-02-27|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227230644/https://www.medicinenet.com/doctors/insomnia/fcc31742-6475-4cee-b4e6-35dc9efdfa0b/alexander-clerk/fremont-ca_doctor.htm|archivedate=27 February 2018|df=dmy-all}}
32. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.mannye.com/about.php|title=Manye Klo Dodue|website=www.mannye.com|access-date=2019-03-21}}
33. ^{{Cite web|url=http://app.docmate.com/patrick_a_clerk_dds|title=Patrick A Clerk DDS, los angeles Dentist {{!}} Make an appointment at area los angeles, CA 90017|website=app.docmate.com|language=en|access-date=2017-10-03|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003021428/http://app.docmate.com/patrick_a_clerk_dds|archivedate=3 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}
34. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.healthgrades.com/dentist/dr-patrick-clerk-ykq42|title=Dr. Patrick Clerk, DDS - Los Angeles, CA - Dentistry {{!}} Healthgrades.com|website=www.healthgrades.com|language=en|access-date=2017-10-03|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725070243/http://www.healthgrades.com/dentist/dr-patrick-clerk-ykq42|archivedate=25 July 2015|df=dmy-all}}
35. ^Valley View University Foundation launched in USA to secure financial support {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013015949/http://ghanasda.com/valley-view-university-foundation-launched-in-usa-to-secure-financial-support/ |date=13 October 2018 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013015949/http://ghanasda.com/valley-view-university-foundation-launched-in-usa-to-secure-financial-support/ |date=13 October 2018 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013015949/http://ghanasda.com/valley-view-university-foundation-launched-in-usa-to-secure-financial-support/ |date=13 October 2018 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013015949/http://ghanasda.com/valley-view-university-foundation-launched-in-usa-to-secure-financial-support/ |date=13 October 2018 }} {{Cite web |url=http://ghanasda.com/valley-view-university-foundation-launched-in-usa-to-secure-financial-support/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013015949/http://ghanasda.com/valley-view-university-foundation-launched-in-usa-to-secure-financial-support/ |archive-date=13 October 2018 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} Retrieved October 12, 2018
36. ^{{Cite web|url=http://sleepmedicineservice.com/pdf/Meet%20Our%20Specialist.pdf|title=Alexander A. Clerk, M.D|last=Sleep Medicine Services|date=|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309184226/http://sleepmedicineservice.com/pdf/Meet%20Our%20Specialist.pdf|archive-date=9 March 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=|df=dmy-all}}
37. ^[https://nagsda.org/category/uncategorized Ghanaian SDA church in Riverside, CA recognized] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013053849/https://nagsda.org/category/uncategorized/ |date=13 October 2018 }} Retrieved October 12, 2018
38. ^{{Cite journal|last=Guilleminault|first=Christian|date=1995-04-24|title=Nondrug Treatment Trials in Psychophysiologic Insomnia|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine|language=en|volume=155|issue=8|pages=838–44|doi=10.1001/archinte.1995.00430080076010|pmid=7717792|issn=0003-9926}}
39. ^{{Cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/19911726|title=Obstructive Sleep Dyspnea: Diagnosis and treatment|journal=Acta Oto-Laryngologica|volume=105|pages=167–173|language=en|access-date=2017-06-24|doi=10.3109/00016488809125124|year=1988|last1=Togawa|first1=Kiyoshi|last2=Konno|first2=Akiyoshi|last3=Miyazaki|first3=Soichiro|last4=Yamakawa|first4=Koji|last5=Okawa|first5=Masako}}
40. ^{{Cite journal|last=Newman|first=James P.|last2=Clerk|first2=Alex A.|last3=Moore|first3=Michelle|last4=Utley|first4=David S.|last5=Terris|first5=David J.|date=1996-09-01|title=Recognition and Surgical Management of the Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome|journal=The Laryngoscope|language=en|volume=106|issue=9|pages=1089–1093|doi=10.1097/00005537-199609000-00009|issn=1531-4995}}
41. ^{{Cite journal|last=Terris|first=D. J.|last2=Clerk|first2=A. A.|last3=Norbash|first3=A. M.|last4=Troell|first4=R. J.|date=February 1996|title=Characterization of postoperative edema following laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty using MRI and polysomnography: implications for the outpatient treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome|journal=The Laryngoscope|volume=106|issue=2 Pt 1|pages=124–128|issn=0023-852X|pmid=8583838|doi=10.1097/00005537-199602000-00002}}
42. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=KNPjukeqNbUC&pg=PA473&lpg=PA473&dq=%E2%80%A2+Characterization+of+Postoperative+Edema+Following+Laser-Assisted+Uvulopalatoplasty+Using+MRI+and+Polysomnography#v=onepage&q=%E2%80%A2%20Characterization%20of%20Postoperative%20Edema%20Following%20Laser-Assisted%20Uvulopalatoplasty%20Using%20MRI%20and%20Polysomnography&f=false|title=Surgery for Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Diagnosis and Therapy of Sleep Respiratory Disorders for the Otorhinolaryngologist|last=Fabiani|first=Mario|date=2003|publisher=Kugler Publications|isbn=9789062991822|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821124805/https://books.google.com/books?id=KNPjukeqNbUC&pg=PA473&lpg=PA473&dq=%E2%80%A2%20Characterization%20of%20Postoperative%20Edema%20Following%20Laser-Assisted%20Uvulopalatoplasty%20Using%20MRI%20and%20Polysomnography&source=bl&ots=E4zlrSfVvs&sig=lQ7glKeozUHAk4t8RYb9CmzZydo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi4spLRoNLUAhVI5SYKHaX6APAQ6AEIOzAD#v=onepage&q=%E2%80%A2%20Characterization%20of%20Postoperative%20Edema%20Following%20Laser-Assisted%20Uvulopalatoplasty%20Using%20MRI%20and%20Polysomnography&f=false|archivedate=21 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}
43. ^{{Cite journal|last=Utley |first=David S. |last2=Shin |first2=Edward J. |last3=Clerk |first3=Alex A. |last4=Terris |first4=David J. |date=1997-06-01 |title=A Cost-Effective and Rational Surgical Approach to Patients With Snoring, Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome, or Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome |journal=The Laryngoscope |language=en |volume=107 |issue=6 |pages=726–734 |doi=10.1097/00005537-199706000-00005 |issn=1531-4995 }}
{{Portal|Seventh-day Adventist Church|Christianity|Biography|Medicine}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Clerk, Alexander, Adu}}

25 : 1947 births|Alumni of Achimota School|American people of Ghanaian descent|American Seventh-day Adventists|Ga-Adangbe people|Ghanaian academics|Ghanaian academic administrators|Ghanaian educators|Ghanaian emigrants to the United States|Ghanaian people of Danish descent|Ghanaian people of German descent|Ghanaian people of Jamaican descent|Ghanaian psychiatrists|Ghanaian Protestants|Ghanaian scientists|Ghanaian Seventh-day Adventists|Seventh-day Adventists in health science|Living people|Loma Linda University alumni|Loma Linda University faculty|People from Accra|Stanford University alumni|Stanford University faculty|Stanford University School of Medicine faculty|University of Ghana alumni
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