| 词条 | Alexander Addison (judge) |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = Alexander Addison | honorific_suffix = | image =File:History of Beaver County, Pennsylvania and its centennial celebration, (1904) (14597926479).jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = | birth_date = 1758 | birth_place = | baptised = | death_date = 1807 | death_place = | death_cause = | body_discovered = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | monuments = | residence = | nationality = | other_names = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = minister, lawyer, Judge | employer = | organization = | agent = | known_for = | style = | home_town = | salary = | net_worth = | height = | weight = | television = | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | criminal_charge = | criminal_penalty = | criminal_status = | children = | parents = | relatives = | awards = | website = | module = | module2 = | module3 = | module4 = | module5 = | module6 = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | footnotes = | era = | works = | spouse = | partner = }} Alexander Addison (1758–1807) was the first Federal Judge appointed to the position of president judge of the Fifth Judicial of Pennsylvania-the area encompassing most of Western Pennsylvania of the newly formed United States of America. BackgroundAddison was born in Scotland in 1758. At age 19, he earned his Master of Arts at Aberdeen University. After his University education he was educated to become a minister and admitted to the Aberlowe Presbytery in 1781. Afterwards, he immigrated to the United States in 1785. He was not able to obtain a license from the Redstone Presbytery to become a minister. He became a lawyer in Washington County, Pennsylvania in 1787 and was elected to the bar at that time. In 1791, he became the president judge of the Fifth Judicial District of Pennsylvania and possessed authority over both state and federal laws. Westward expansion at this time created new legal questions about the tax on whiskey, land ownership and battles with native Americans. This was to be important during the Whiskey Rebellion during which upheld the authority of state and federal laws over Western Pennsylvania. He owned land in Washington county and 620 acres in Donegal Township, and 500 acres in Franklin Township.[1] WritingsAddison wrote extensively with other jurists. He was impeached due to disagreements with Justice John B.C. Lucas in 1802.[2] He was a regular contributor to the Pittsburgh Weekly Gazette (now the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette) expressing his opinions on the political events of the period. In his March 16, 1793 contribution, he describes President George Washington: {{Quote box|width=40em|align=left|quote=That the name of the President of the United States, has in this place, and with a few weeks past, been publicly treated with the utmost scorn and contumely I never before heard. There may be mobs and blackguards in every place, and in this place there may be perhaps be less and that silly adulation with which that great man hath been punished and insulted than in many other places; but I will venture to say that in no place can there be more true respect for his virtues or manly gratitude for his services than here...[3]}}{{Clear}}Law practiceAddison practiced law during politically divisive issues in early America. These included the 1795 Jay Treaty with Britain, Constitutional ratification, foreign policies, the 1796 Pinckney Treaty with Spain, and the Treaty of Tripoli and the Whiskey Rebellion of Western Pennsylvania.[4] Addison represented Washington County in the formation of Pennsylvania's Constitution.[5] The Alexander Addison PapersThe Alexander Addison Papers were donated to the University of Pittsburgh in 1918 by Edith Darlington Ammon and Mary Carson Darlington. The papers were originally part of the William M. Darlington Collection. The collection includes correspondence between to Alexander Addison and Hugh Henry Brackenridge,[6][7][8] William Findley and Charles Nisbet. Most of the collection contains discussions on political events in the United States and Europe, the Constitutional Convention, the Jay and Pinckney Treaties, battles with native Americans wars, and the Whiskey Rebellion. Much of the material is typed transcriptions.[4] Addison was asked to write for the periodical Pittsburgh Gazette by Brackenridge.[9] References1. ^{{cite thesis |last=Gilmore |first=Peter E. |date=May 2009 |title=Rebels and Revivals: Ulster Immigrants, Western Pennsylvania Presbyterianism and the Formation of Scotch-Irish Identity, 1780-1830 |type=Doctoral dissertation |chapter= |publisher=Carnegie Mellon University|docket= |oclc= |url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/304865032/ |access-date=11 May 2016}} {{Whiskey Rebellion}}{{University of Pittsburgh Library System Archives and Collections}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Addison, Alexander}}2. ^{{cite web| title = Catalog Record: The trial of Alexander Addison, esq.... | publisher=Hathi Trust Digital Library| url = https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008587570| accessdate = 2016-05-01 }} 3. ^{{cite web | title = Pittsburgh Weekly Gazette|date= 16 March 1793| url = https://archives.post-gazette.com/image/96005717/?terms=Alexander%2BAddison | accessdate = 2016-12-11 }} 4. ^1 http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead&cc=ascead&rgn=main&view=text&didno=US-PPiU-dar192506 5. ^{{cite news|title=The New York Packet|issue=993|date=1 December 1789|postscript=; Archive provider NewsBank, Database: America's Historical Newspapers. Access provided by the University of Pittsburgh}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Hugh Henry Brackenridge to Alexander Addison, January 7, 1796|url=http://digital.library.pitt.edu/u/ulsmanuscripts/pdf/31735061277418.pdf|website=Darlington Collection, Special Collections Department, University of Pittsburgh|publisher=University of Pittsburgh|accessdate=12 May 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Hugh Henry Brackenridge to Alexander Addison, February 15, 1796|url=http://digital.library.pitt.edu/u/ulsmanuscripts/pdf/31735061277459.pdf|website=Darlington Collection, Special Collections Department, University of Pittsburgh|publisher=University of Pittsburgh|accessdate=12 May 2016}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Hugh Henry Brackenridge to Alexander Addison, April 26, 1796|url=http://digital.library.pitt.edu/u/ulsmanuscripts/pdf/31735061277491.pdf|website=Darlington Collection, Special Collections Department, University of Pittsburgh|publisher=University of Pittsburgh|accessdate=12 May 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web|last1=Brackenridge|first1=Hugh Henry|title=Hugh Henry Brackenridge to Alexander Addison |date= 26 April 1796 |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Library System|url=http://digital.library.pitt.edu/u/ulsmanuscripts/pdf/31735061277491.pdf | accessdate=4 May 2016}} 8 : 1758 births|1807 deaths|Scottish emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies|American lawyers|People of the Whiskey Rebellion|People of colonial Pennsylvania|Activists from Pennsylvania|University of Pittsburgh Library System Archives and Collections |
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