| 词条 | Alfred Wilks Drayson |
| 释义 |
BackgroundBorn 17 April 1827, he was one of a large family, son of William Drayson who worked at the Royal Gunpowder Factory, and was Clerk of the Works there in 1832, and his wife Ann Marie.[2][3][4][5] He was a younger brother of the novelist Caroline Agnes Drayson, and brother-in-law of the novelist John Richardson who married the second daughter Maria Caroline, and was born at Waltham Abbey where the factory was located.[6][7][8][9] Another sister, Louisa, married Samuel Burdon Ellis as his second wife, and was mother of Alfred Burdon Ellis.[10] The fourth surviving daughter, Helen Matilda, married Charles Davies in 1848.[11] Further sisters were Emily (1811–1894), who married William Woods (died 1856) of Woolwich Dockyard; and Laurette, christened 1819.[5][12][13] The second son of the family was Henry Edwin Drayson, in partnership at Faversham to 1843 with Frederick Drayson, as civil engineers and surveyors.[14][15] He later visited Lammot du Pont I in the USA.[16] Life and careerThe family home, which had been at Chatham since 1835 when William Drayson retired, broke up in 1837 when Ann Marie died.[17] Alfred Drayson was educated at Rochester Grammar School from age 11, for two years. He was then withdrawn, after an attack of scarlet fever, spending time as a convalescent with his elder brother, a civil engineer.[18] Drayson graduated in 1846 at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.[1] Commissioned, he then served in the Seventh Xhosa War.[9] He rose through the ranks of the Royal Artillery, being promoted captain in 1854, on his return from South Africa; major in 1868; lieutenant-colonel in 1869, and colonel in 1874.[18][19] He was in India around 1877, and was based at Halifax, Nova Scotia for five years.[1][18][20] From 1858 to 1873 Drayson was on the Military Topography staff at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, serving as Professor of Surveying and Topographical Drawing.[21][22] He retired from the army as a major-general in 1883, and became president of the Portsmouth Literary and Scientific Society.[9][23] Drayston died in Portsmouth on 27 September 1901.[2] InterestsA member of White's Club, Drayson played billiards and related games including pyramid pool.[24] He was a reputed player of whist, and an author on a well-known book on the subject.[25] SpiritualismDrayson attended a séance with the medium Annie Andrews in 1857, and she claimed to put him in touch with his dead brother. It was the start of a long series of such meetings.[26] In 1862 Drayson met Georgina Cowper through Andrews.[27] In 1864 Drayson and Andrews assisted the medium Mrs. Mary Marshall at a séance attended by John Ruskin. It was held at the home of Mrs Makdougal Gregory, widow of William Gregory.[28] More than one séance at this time involved Drayson and Ruskin; at the first, the homeopath John Rutherford Russell was also present. Drayson in May 1864 saw Ruskin and the Cowpers socially.[29] He investigated the supposed haunted Clamps-in-the-Wood, Staffordshire, prompted by a story of a friend, William Howitt.[30] Elisabeth Nichol also sat as a medium for Drayson, in 1867;[31] and he was a member of the Spiritual Athenæum of Daniel Dunglas Home, whose séances he had attended, set up in that year.[32][33] He joined the British National Association of Spiritualists, shortly after its founding in 1873.[34] He showed spirit photographs in 1874 at Broadlands, clashing there with the sceptic John Morley.[35] He was a member of the Society for Psychical Research,[36] and was brought onto the council of the London Spiritualist Alliance by the autocratic Stainton Moses.[37]In 1882 Drayson was living in Southsea, and in subsequent years investigated psychic phenomena there, with Conan Doyle.[38] He also introduced Conan Doyle to theosophy.[39] and to Alfred Percy Sinnett.[40] Conan Doyle later reported, in his History of Spiritualism, the claim that Drayson in the 1880s was receiving a large number of apports through a medium.[41] He retained a sceptical view of this claim, being more convinced by other aspects of Drayson's spiritualism.[42] Astronomy and Earth scienceDrayson published scientific theories, not accepted by later authors. These included discussion of the obliquity of the ecliptic. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1868.[1] While related ideas were put forward by Thomas Belt, the theoretical basis for large tilts in the Earth's axis was undermined by 1880, with work of George Darwin.[43] In 1884, in the weekly Light: A Journal of Psychical, Occult, and Mystical Research, he published a paper The Solution of Scientific Problems by Spirits on the moons of Uranus, relating a conclusion given by a medium in a séance of 1858.[44] It was later contested by Camille Flammarion.[45] After Drayson's death, his views were defended by Algernon Frederick Rous de Horsey in Draysonia (1911), and others.[46] WorksDrayson published:
Drayson also contributed to the Boy's Own Paper.[75] PatentsDrayson was granted, with Charles Richard Binney, an 1858 patent for improvements to underwater telegraph cables.[76][77] The invention, the "Elongating Tunnel Marine Telegraph", was a helical wire in india rubber, to protect against longitudinal strain.[78] In 1868 he was granted one for "an improved mode of and apparatus for cooling wort and other liquids".[79] He proposed to use carbon disulphide, rather than water, for rapid cooling.[80] In literatureConan Doyle's villain Professor Moriarty has been considered a compound of Drayson, Adam Worth and the forger James Seward.[81] Schaefer, who sees Simon Newcomb as a model for Moriarty, argues that the link from Conan Doyle to Newcomb runs through Drayson and Newcomb's formula on axial tilt, Drayson resenting Newcomb's lack of interest in his own work on the subject; and he regards Drayson as a model for Colonel Moran.[82] FamilyDrayson married in 1852 Mary Catherine Preece, fourth daughter of Richard Matthias Preece, and elder sister of William Henry Preece.[83][84] Their elder daughter Ellen Mary Isabel married in 1881 Alfred Edward Wrottesley, son of Edward Bennet Wrottesley, and grandson of Sir John Wrottesley, 1st Baron Wrottesley.[85] Notes1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|author=James O'Brien|title=The Scientific Sherlock Holmes: Cracking the Case with Science and Forensics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XeXMlUmVGDwC&pg=PA146|date=28 February 2013|publisher=OUP USA|isbn=978-0-19-979496-6|page=146}} 2. ^1 {{cite book|title=Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1901|year=1902|publisher=D. Appleton & Company|page=489}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=David R. Beasley|title=The Canadian Don Quixote: The Life and Works of Major John Richardson, Canada's First Novelist|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C7QHJuLw-5gC&pg=PA77|year=2004|publisher=David Beasley|isbn=978-0-915317-18-9|page=77}} 4. ^{{cite book|title=Finance Account of the United Kingdom in Eight Classes, for the Year 1851|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t2tbAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA37|year=1832|page=37}} 5. ^1 [https://www.royalgunpowdermills.com/GEHG/GEHGNewsletter04_webp.pdf Gunpowder & Explosives History Group Newsletter 4, Winter 2002 (PDF)] at pp. 13–4 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=1884|title=Caroline Agnes Drayson , Author Information At the Circulating Library|accessdate=7 May 2017}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=David R. Beasley|title=The Canadian Don Quixote: The Life and Works of Major John Richardson, Canada's First Novelist|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C7QHJuLw-5gC&pg=PA313|year=2004|publisher=David Beasley|isbn=978-0-915317-18-9|page=313 note 15}} 8. ^{{cite book|title=American Vital Records from the Gentleman's Magazine, 1731-1868|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MNz0xpd8M1EC&pg=PA238|year=1987|publisher=Genealogical Publishing Com|isbn=978-0-8063-1177-7|page=238}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/seri/MNRAS/0062//0000241.000.html|title=1902MNRAS..62R.241. Page 241|work=Harvard University|accessdate=7 May 2017}} 10. ^{{cite book|author=Stewart Marsh Ellis|title=George Meredith: His Life and Friends in Relation to His Work|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VDnz8Bv3Hi8C&pg=PA215|year=1920|publisher=Ardent Media|page=215|id=GGKEY:5Y96JHF61J0}} 11. ^{{cite book|title=The Law Times|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=exdCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA426|year=1848|publisher=Office of The Law times|page=426}} 12. ^{{cite book|editor=Sylvanus Urban|title=The Gentleman's Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aMEUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA664|year=1856|page=664}} 13. ^"England, Essex Parish Registers, 1538-1997," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XK8M-358 : 12 December 2014), Laurette Drayson, 11 Jun 1819, Christening; citing Waltham-Abbey, Essex, England, Record Office, Chelmsford; FHL microfilm 1,526,972. 14. ^{{cite book|title=Gentleman's Magazine, Or Monthly Intelligencer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfRfAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA88|year=1844|publisher=Edward Cave|page=88}} 15. ^{{cite book|author=Great Britain|title=The London Gazette|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kxdKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1040|year=1844|publisher=T. Neuman|page=1040}} 16. ^{{cite book|author=Norman B. Wilkinson|title=Lammot du Pont and the American explosives industry, 1850–1884|year=1984|publisher=Published for the Eleutherian Mills-Hagley Foundation by the University Press of Virginia|isbn=978-0-8139-1012-3|page=43}} 17. ^{{cite book|author=David R. Beasley|title=The Canadian Don Quixote: The Life and Works of Major John Richardson, Canada's First Novelist|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C7QHJuLw-5gC&pg=PA130|year=2004|publisher=David Beasley|isbn=978-0-915317-18-9|page=130}} 18. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t80k29r9j;view=1up;seq=158|title=Drayson, Alfred Wilkes, The Whist Reference Book|via=HathiTrust Digital Library|last=Butler|first=William Mill|year=1899|publisher=John C. Yorston Company|pages=122–4|accessdate=16 May 2017|location=Philadelphia}} 19. ^{{cite book|title=The New Annual Army List, Militia List, and Yeomanry Cavalry List|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=quscAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA44|year=1875|publisher=J. Murray|page=44}} 20. ^{{cite book|author=Arthur Conan Doyle|title=The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fH01AwPCNloC&pg=PA306|date=1 June 2000|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-283811-7|page=306}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/shopstoryroyalm03gugggoog#page/n314/mode/1up|title="The Shop;" the story of the Royal Military Academy|last=Guggisberg|first=Frederick Gordon|year=1900|work=Internet Archive|publisher=Cassell & Co.|page=262|accessdate=20 May 2017|location=London, New York}} 22. ^{{cite book|author=Karen Hunger Parshall|title=James Joseph Sylvester: Jewish Mathematician in a Victorian World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aVzbdXipb8MC&pg=PA155|date=29 March 2006|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-8291-3|page=155}} 23. ^{{cite book|author=Christopher Redmond|title=Lives Beyond Baker Street: A Biographical Dictionary of Sherlock Holmes's Contemporaries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wR8cDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT82|date=19 December 2016|publisher=Andrews UK Limited|isbn=978-1-78092-908-8|page=82}} 24. ^{{cite book|author=Edward Cecil Baker|title=Sir William Preece, F.R.S.: Victorian Engineer Extraordinary|date=1 January 1976|publisher=Hutchinson|isbn=978-0-09-126610-3|pages=35–6}} 25. ^{{cite book|author=John Ruskin|title=Christmas Story: John Ruskin's Venetian Letters of 1876–1877|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AerVKc6OOaUC&pg=PA43|year=1990|publisher=University of Delaware Press|isbn=978-0-87413-373-8|page=43}} 26. ^{{cite book|author=John Ruskin|title=Christmas Story: John Ruskin's Venetian Letters of 1876-1877|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AerVKc6OOaUC&pg=PA33|year=1990|publisher=University of Delaware Press|isbn=978-0-87413-373-8|page=33}} 27. ^{{cite book|author=James Gregory|title=Reformers, Patrons and Philanthropists: The Cowper-Temples and High Politics in Victorian England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SvcBAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA99|date=30 November 2009|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-0-85771-625-5|page=99}} 28. ^{{cite book|author=Timothy Hilton|title=John Ruskin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YlWAUfTpRZoC&pg=PA350|year=2002|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-09099-4|page=350}} 29. ^{{cite book|author=James Gregory|title=Reformers, Patrons and Philanthropists: The Cowper-Temples and High Politics in Victorian England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SvcBAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA102|date=30 November 2009|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-0-85771-625-5|page=102}} 30. ^{{cite book|author=Anna Mary Howitt Watts|title=Pioneers of the Spiritual Reformation: Biographical Sketches|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jfbM099bHDkC&pg=PA289|date=27 January 2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-02594-2|page=289}} 31. ^{{cite book|author=John Ruskin|title=Christmas Story: John Ruskin's Venetian Letters of 1876-1877|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AerVKc6OOaUC&pg=PA63|year=1990|publisher=University of Delaware Press|isbn=978-0-87413-373-8|page=63}} 32. ^{{cite book|author=Daniel Dunglas Home|title=Incidents in My Life: Second Series|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=spoIC5lx-KcC&pg=PA144|date=10 March 2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-02595-9|page=144}} 33. ^{{cite book|author1=Dunglas Home|author2=Madame Dunglas Home|title=D. D. Home: His Life and Mission|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bBqp9E24yqwC&pg=PA251|date=27 January 2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-02565-2|page=251}} 34. ^{{cite book|author=Christopher Redmond|title=Sherlock Holmes Handbook: Second Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=En7MkEMEZQ0C&pg=PA127|date=28 September 2009|publisher=Dundurn|isbn=978-1-4597-1898-2|page=127}} 35. ^{{cite book|author=James Gregory|title=Reformers, Patrons and Philanthropists: The Cowper-Temples and High Politics in Victorian England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SvcBAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA128|date=30 November 2009|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-0-85771-625-5|page=128}} 36. ^{{cite book|author1=Sabine Vanacker|author2=Catherine Wynne|title=Sherlock Holmes and Conan Doyle: Multi-Media Afterlives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tcnRk7v7SooC&pg=PA142|date=13 November 2012|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0-230-30050-7|page=142}} 37. ^{{cite book|author=Janet Oppenheim|title=The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850-1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VcBs8enYCCcC&pg=PA57|date=26 February 1988|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-34767-9|page=57}} 38. ^{{cite book|author=M. C. Rintoul|title=Dictionary of Real People and Places in Fiction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OxcCAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA373|date=5 March 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-11932-3|page=373}} 39. ^{{cite book|author=Andrew Norman|title=Arthur Conan Doyle: The Man Behind Sherlock Holmes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IRk7AwAAQBAJ&pg=PP14|date=26 December 2010|publisher=History Press|isbn=978-0-7524-6253-0|page=14}} 40. ^{{cite book|author=Bernd Stiegler|title=Spuren, Elfen und andere Erscheinungen: Conan Doyle und die Photographie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wrZvAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT174|date=26 June 2014|publisher=Fischer E-Books|isbn=978-3-10-402972-6|page=174|language=de}} 41. ^{{cite book|author=Arthur Conan Doyle, Sir|title=The History of Spiritualism (Volume 2 of 2 ) (EasyRead Super Large 18pt Edition)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUeDKWbRoDoC&pg=PA302|date=5 November 2008|publisher=ReadHowYouWant.com|isbn=978-1-4270-8172-8|page=302}} 42. ^{{cite book|author=Daniel Stashower|title=Teller of Tales: The Life of Arthur Conan Doyle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0qufAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT119|date=11 February 2014|publisher=Henry Holt and Company|isbn=978-1-4668-6315-6|page=119}} 43. ^{{cite book|author=Richard J. Huggett|title=Climate, Earth Processes and Earth History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fa8qBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT72|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-76268-0|page=72}} 44. ^{{cite book|author=Oscar González-Quevedo|title=Os mortos interferem no mundo?: tratado em cinco volumes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oJDTLXgvBesC&pg=PA250|year=1992|publisher=Edicoes Loyola|isbn=978-85-15-00273-3|page=250|language=pt}} 45. ^{{cite book|author=Camille Flammarion|title=Mysterious Psychic Forces: An Account of the Author's Investigations in Psychical Research, Together with Those of Other European Savants|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5a3GGvljbqEC&pg=PT60|year=1907|publisher=Library of Alexandria|isbn=978-1-4655-2465-2|page=60}} 46. ^{{cite book|author=Martin Gardner|title=Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X0HCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA52|date=4 May 2012|publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=978-0-486-13162-7|page=52}} 47. ^{{cite book|author=Best Books on|title=Hampton Institute: Hampton, VA a Classified Catalog of the Negro Collection in the Collis P. Huntington Library|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cck9U5dthAwC&pg=PA11|year=1940|publisher=Best Books on|isbn=978-1-62376-066-3|page=11}} 48. ^{{cite book|author=Alfred Wilks Drayson|title=The Earth We Inhabit: its past, present, and probable future|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dUIDAAAAQAAJ|year=1859}} 49. ^{{cite book|author=Samuel Warren Carey|title=Theories of the Earth and Universe: A History of Dogma in the Earth Sciences|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_0l0KOdHLoC&pg=PA137|year=1988|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-1364-1|pages=137–8}} 50. ^Budget of Paradoxes/L 51. ^{{cite book|author=Samuel Warren Carey|title=Theories of the Earth and Universe: A History of Dogma in the Earth Sciences|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_0l0KOdHLoC&pg=PA138|year=1988|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-1364-1|page=138}} 52. ^{{cite book|author=Alfred Wilks Drayson|title=Great Britain has been and will be again within the Tropics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fTMDAAAAQAAJ|year=1859}} 53. ^{{cite book|author=Susan B. Martinez, Ph.D.|title=Delusions in Science and Spirituality: The Fall of the Standard Model and the Rise of Knowledge from Unseen Worlds|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=luSNCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT109|date=2 April 2015|publisher=Inner Traditions/Bear|isbn=978-1-59143-779-6|page=109}} 54. ^{{cite book|author1=Samuel Greatheed|author2=Daniel Parken|author3=Theophilus Williams|author4=Josiah Conder|author5=Thomas Price|author6=Jonathan Edwards Ryland|author7=Edwin Paxton Hood|title=The Eclectic Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1cGAcWYi0kUC&pg=PA667|year=1859|publisher=C. Taylor|page=667}} 55. ^{{cite book|author=Alfred Wilks Drayson|title=Practical Military Surveying and Sketching|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1TIDAAAAQAAJ|year=1861|publisher=Chapman & Hall}} 56. ^1 2 {{cite book|author1=Gareth Cornwell|author2=Dirk Klopper|author3=Craig MacKenzie|title=The Columbia Guide to South African Literature in English Since 1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EPUPA2s4X30C&pg=PA208|year=2010|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-13046-2|page=208}} 57. ^{{cite book|author=Alfred Wilks Drayson|title=The Common Sights in the Heavens|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-zADAAAAQAAJ|year=1862}} 58. ^{{cite book|title=The Young Dragoon; or, Every day life of a soldier, by one who has served (capt. Drayson).|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8p4NAAAAQAAJ|year=1870}} 59. ^{{cite book|author=Alfred Drayson|title=The Young Dragoon: Every Day Life of a Soldier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yam3DgAAQBAJ|date=21 April 2017|publisher=ЛитРес|isbn=978-5-04-051891-3}} 60. ^{{cite book|author=Alfred Wilks Drayson|title=On the Cause, Date, and Duration of the Last Glacial Epoch of Geology, and the Probable Antiquity of Man: With an Investigation and Description of a New Movement of the Earth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cKRNAAAAMAAJ|year=1873|publisher=Chapman & Hall}} 61. ^{{cite book|author=Trevor Palmer|title=Perilous Planet Earth: Catastrophes and Catastrophism Through the Ages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QuvQQFF6wIcC&pg=PA59|date=12 June 2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-81928-2|page=59}} 62. ^{{cite book|author=Joscelyn Godwin|title=Arktos: The Polar Myth in Science, Symbolism, and Nazi Survival|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=26v0qQcI0vwC&pg=PA206|year=1996|publisher=Adventures Unlimited Press|isbn=978-0-932813-35-0|page=206}} 63. ^{{cite book|author=Alfred Wilks Drayson|title=The Cause of the supposed Proper Motion of the Fixed Stars and an explanation of the Apparent Acceleration of the Moon's Mean Motion: with other geometrical problems in astronomy hitherto unsolved|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLpCMQAACAAJ|year=1874|publisher=Chapman and Hall}} 64. ^{{cite book|author=Alfred Wilks Drayson|title=The Gentleman Cadet: His Career and Adventures at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich : a Tale of the Past|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9f4BAAAAQAAJ|year=1875|publisher=Griffith and Farran}} 65. ^{{cite web|url=http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/2nd-april-1887/23/experiences-of-a-woolwich-professor-by-major-gener|title=Spectator Archive, 2 April 1887, Page 23 Experiences of a Woolwich Professor. By Major-General A. W. Drayson|work=The Spectator|accessdate=20 May 2017}} 66. ^{{cite web|url=http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Drayson%2C%20Alfred%20Wilkes%2C%201827-1901|title=Drayson, Alfred Wilkes, 1827–1901, The Online Books Page|accessdate=7 May 2017}} 67. ^{{cite book|author1=Donald R. Hettinga|author2=Gary D. Schmidt|title=British Children's Writers, 1914–1960|year=1996|publisher=Gale Research|page=209}} 68. ^{{cite book|author1=David Attwell|author2=Derek Attridge|title=The Cambridge History of South African Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JXdhBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT345|date=12 January 2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-316-17513-2|page=345}} 69. ^{{cite book|author=Alfred Wilks Drayson|title=Thirty Thousand Years of the Earth's Past History Read by Aid of the Discovery of the Second Rotation of the Earth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yDAqAAAAYAAJ|year=1888|publisher=Chapman and Hall}} 70. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=2986|title=Alfred Wilks Drayson (1827–1901), Author Information At the Circulating Library|accessdate=20 May 2017}} 71. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=574|title=S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science, Cooper, Mr Arnold W|accessdate=8 May 2017}} 72. ^{{cite book|author=Alfred Wilks Drayson|title=The Art of Practical Billiards for Amateurs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8oLAAAAYAAJ|year=1889|publisher=G. Bell}} 73. ^{{cite book|author=Alfred Wilks Drayson|title=Untrodden Ground in Astronomy and Geology: Giving Further Details of the Second Rotation of the Earth and of the Important Calculations which Can be Made by Aid of a Knowledge Thereof|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zCgNAQAAIAAJ|year=1890|publisher=K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Company, Limited}} 74. ^{{cite book|author=John Wilson Foster|title=The Age of Titanic: Cross-currents in Anglo-American Culture|date=1 January 2002|publisher=Merlin Pub.|isbn=978-1-903582-37-4|page=147}} 75. ^{{cite book|author=Dave Thompson|title=Sherlock Holmes FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the World's Greatest Private Detective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FOfpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT33|date=1 January 2014|publisher=Applause Theatre & Cinema Books|isbn=978-1-4803-8615-0|page=33}} 76. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Alfred_Wilks_Drayson|title=Alfred Wilks Drayson - Graces Guide|accessdate=7 May 2017}} 77. ^{{cite book|author1=Alfred Wilks Drayson|author2=Charles Richard Binney|title=Description of the patent Elongating Tunnel Telegraph Cable ... with reasons for the failure of the present Atlantic Cable ... Illustrated with a chromo-lithograph|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qDxWAAAAcAAJ|year=1858}} 78. ^{{cite book|author=Charles Bright|title=Submarine Telegraphs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3DfeAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA215|date=20 March 2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-06948-9|page=215 note}} 79. ^{{cite book|title=The Engineer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qkKPgTK0upMC&pg=PA451|year=1868|publisher=Morgan-Grampian (Publishers)|page=451}} 80. ^{{cite book|title=The Student and Intellectual Observer of Science, Literature and Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V0FHAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA72|year=1870|pages=72}} 81. ^{{cite book|author=Molly Carr|title=In Search of Dr Watson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=msu6BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT16|date=22 November 2011|publisher=Andrews UK Limited|isbn=978-1-78092-033-7|pages=16–7}} 82. ^Schaefer, B. E., Sherlock Holmes and some astronomical connections, Journal of the British Astronomical Association, vol. 103, no.1, p.30–34, 1993JBAA..103...30S http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/seri/JBAA./0103//0000033.000.html 83. ^{{cite book|author=Edward Cecil Baker|title=Sir William Preece, F.R.S.: Victorian Engineer Extraordinary|date=1 January 1976|publisher=Hutchinson|isbn=978-0-09-126610-3|page=31}} 84. ^{{cite book|title=The Gentleman's Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qBBIAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA512|year=1852|publisher=W. Pickering|page=512}} 85. ^{{cite book|last=Burke|first=Bernard|authorlink=Bernard Burke|editor=Ashworth P. Burke|title=A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage, the Privy Council, Knightage and Companionage|edition=65th|year=1903|publisher=Harrison and Sons|location=London|page=1623}} External links
7 : 1827 births|1901 deaths|English spiritualists|English Theosophists|English writers|Parapsychologists|Royal Artillery officers |
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