| 词条 | Alice Thornton |
| 释义 |
| name = Alice Thornton | image = Alice Thornton title page from 1875.png | imagesize = | caption = | pseudonym = | birth_name = Alice Wandesford | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1626|02|13}} | birth_place = Kirklington, North Yorkshire, England | death_date = {{death year and age|1707|1626}} | death_place = East Newton, England | occupation = Writer | period = | genre = Autobiographer | subject = | movement = | notablework = My first Booke of my Life | website = | footnotes = }} Alice Thornton (born Alice Wandesford) (13 February 1626 – January 1707) was a British autobiographer during the English civil war. Her books were published in part in 1875. BiographyThornton was born in Kirklington, North Yorkshire.[1] She was the younger surviving daughter of Christopher Wandesford, later Lord Deputy of Ireland, and Alice Osborne (died 1659), only daughter of Sir Hewett Osborne and Joyce Fleetwood. She was, through her mother, a first cousin of Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds, the leading English statesman of the 1670s. Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, was a distant relative of her father, who was one of his closest friends and political allies, and went with him to Ireland in 1633 on Wentworth's appointment as Lord Deputy. Wentworth treated the Wandesfords as part of his own family, and Alice grew up with his daughters in Dublin Castle. Following Wentworth's downfall in 1640 Alice's father replaced him as Lord Deputy, but died only a few months later. His family fled back to England during the Irish Rebellion of 1641, and after a long and difficult journey they returned safely to Kirklington.[2] During the general confusion of their flight her father's will disappeared, and did not turn up again for several years, leading to years of litigation and a bitter family feud over the inheritance to his estate.[3] Alice was the main sufferer in the lawsuit: she knew that the will, which she had had in her keeping for a time, made generous provision for her, but without possession of the original will itself she was unable to prove what exactly she was entitled to.[3] Even when the will was eventually found some members of the family disputed its validity, causing her further hardship.[3] Alice married William Thornton in 1651. She started her autobiography, My first Booke of my Life, on 2 February 1669 when she was 47. The book was originally written as a defense against slander.[4] It contains much valuable information about her father's career, and also contains vivid sketches of her mother, her sister Katherine, and her three brothers. In August 1662 she and her husband, William, built a house in East Newton in Yorkshire, where Alice spent the remainder of her life. William died in 1668. The marriage was a happy one, and Alice always wrote of her husband with love and gratitude. He has sometimes been blamed for failing to defend his wife's interests against her family, and for leaving her in poverty at his death. However Alice in her autobiography places the blame for the dispute over her father's will firmly on her own family, and in particular on her brother Christopher junior and his father-in-law Sir John Lowther.[3] Of her numerous children, only three, a son and two daughters, reached adult life. The elder daughter, Alice (Naly), married Thomas Comber, Dean of Durham, by whom she had six children. Her WritingsAlice Thornton wrote three manuscripts in which she left to her oldest daughter. She was said to have written these manuscripts as a response to rumors about the timeliness of her daughter's marriage. Naly, her eldest daughter, was married three short months after the passing of her father. Alice Thornton was ridiculed for these actions, and the only way she saw fit to answer these allegations correctly was to write about them. The first manuscript was written chronologically, she began with her childhood and worked her way through her life until she reached the death of her husband. This piece answered things not only about her actions, but this also addressed her faith and the way she took care of her family and house hold. This piece was largely used to write her autobiography, The Autobiography of Mrs. Alice Thornton, of East Newton, Co. York. The second manuscript has been lost over time. However many have tried to guess and calculate what her writings would have entailed based upon the ending of the first manuscript and the beginning of the third manuscript. According to Raymond A. Anselment, a professor of English at the University of Connecticut, the second manuscript "recounts a large amount of the earlier family narrative". Large amounts of the information about this text is purely based on others ideas of the text. Within the third manuscript contains memories from her first year as a widow. As for many people in this situation, things become drastically different. Her life becomes more public and can draw attention to herself and her family. At this time, most of the decisions are made by the man, and without a man in the household her decisions become highly questioned by the people who live around them. The whole basis for creating these documents was to answer the questions the townspeople where throwing her way. This manuscript tied all three of the text together and gave a good conclusion to the life and times of Alice Thornton. [5]Death and legacyThornton died in 1707 in East Newton and left three books to her daughter, Mrs. Alice Comber, who died in 1727.[6] In 1875 the Surtees Society published the first version of her biography.[7] This version was expurgated. Since that time the middle of Thornton's books has been lost but the other two have been made available by the collector who owns them.[6] References1. ^Alice Thornton at the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2. ^Osborough, W.N. "Wills that go missing- the quest for the lost will of Christopher Wandesford, Lord Deputy of Ireland"published in Reflections on Law and History Four Courts Press Dublin 2006 p.10 3. ^1 2 3 Osborough pp.8-16 4. ^Alice Thornton, Orlando, Retrieved 2 October 2017 5. ^Anselment, Raymond A. 2005. “Seventeenth-Century Manuscript Sources of Alice Thornton’s Life.” SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500–1900, no. 1: 135. http://libproxy.ung.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsglr&AN=edsgcl.130717350&site=eds-live&scope=site 6. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Anselment |first=Raymond A. |title=Seventeenth-Century Manuscript Sources of Alice Thornton's Life |journal=Studies in English Literature 1500–1900 |volume=45 |issue=1 |date=Winter 2005 |pages=135–155 |jstor=3844593}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Mrs. Alice (Wandesford) Thornton|title=The Autobiography of Mrs. Alice Thornton, of East Newton, Co. York|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BwAVAAAAQAAJ|year=1875|publisher=Society}} External links
6 : 1626 births|1707 deaths|17th-century English writers|17th-century English women writers|People from Hambleton District|English autobiographers |
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