| 词条 | Alida Schuyler |
| 释义 |
| name = Alida Schuyler Livingston | image = | birth_name = Alida Schuyler | birth_date = 1656 | birth_place = Beverwyck, Albany, Province of New York | death_date = 1727 | death_place = Province of New York | residence = | nationality = | citizenship = | known_for = | education = | employer = | occupation = | parents = Philip Pieterse Schuyler Margaretha van Slichtenhorst | spouse = {{marriage|Nicholas van Rensselaer |1675|1678|reason=his death}} {{marriage|Robert Livingston the Elder |1679|1727}} | children = 9, including Philip and Robert | relations = See Schuyler family | signature = }} Alida Schuyler or Alida Van Rensselaer or Alida Livingston (1656 – 1727) was a Dutch businessperson in Dutch colony in America who exerted a considerable influence in the life of the colony. Early lifeShe was born in Beverwyck (Albany), in the New Netherlands (New York) as the daughter of the wealthy fur trader Philip Pieterse Schuyler (1628-1683) and Margaretha van Slichtenhorst (1628-1711), originally immigrants from Germany.[1] She was one of ten children born to her parents, including Pieter Schuyler (1657–1724), Arent Schuyler (1662–1730) and Gertruj Schuyler (b. 1654), who was married to Stephanus van Cortlandt (1643–1700).[2] CareerAlida Schuyler was a major businesswoman particularly during her second marriage: she acted as the business partner and political and economical adviser to him, and together, they divided the responsibility of the business and exerted a considerable economic and political influence in the colony. In 1686, the couple managed to acquire city privileges for Albany. She also participated in a long term lawsuit about the inheritance of her first spouse against his relatives. From 1686, she resided at Livingston Manor. She retired from business for health reasons in 1716. Alida Schuyler has been taken as an example of an independent American colonial businesswoman. She is also known as the matriarch of several American families. Personal lifeIn 1675, she married Nicholas van Rensselaer (1636–1678), the fourth son of Kiliaen van Rensselaer, a Dutch diamond and pearl merchant from Amsterdam who was one of the founders and directors of the Dutch West India Company, who was instrumental in the establishment of New Netherland and in 1630, became the first patroon of Rensselaerswyck. Her husband, Nicholas, a minister, died shortly after their marriage in 1678.[3] In 1679, she married her late husband's secretary, Robert Livingston the Elder (1654-1728), the first Lord of Livingston Manor, in 1679. Robert Livingston amassed one of the largest fortunes in 17th-century New York. They had nine children together:[4]
DescendantsShe was the grandmother of Philip Livingston and William Livingston. Her granddaughter, Catherine Livingston, married Abraham De Peyster, who was a loyalist Officer who served with the King's American Regiment and was at Battle of King's Mountain. Through her son, Gilbert Livingston, she was the grandmother of Margaret Livingston (1738–1818), who married Peter Stuyvesant (1727–1805), a great-grandson of the Peter Stuyvesant who commanded the New Netherland colony on Manhattan island, and Joanna Livingston (1722–1808), who married Pierre Van Cortlandt (1721–1814), the first Lieutenant Governor of the New York.[8][9] Many Americans are descended from the Livingston family, including George W. Bush, the entire Fish and Kean families, First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady of New York Anna Morton, actors Montgomery Clift and Michael Douglas, actress Jane Wyatt, medical resident Asad Rizvi, poet Robert Lowell, cinematographer Floyd Crosby and his son David Crosby, author Wolcott Gibbs, and almost the entire Astor family.[10] References
1. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=RdkTAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Philip+Schuyler&hl=en&ei=RRpSTJqdCoaonQfju8SvAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Philip%20Schuyler&f=false Schuyler, George W. Colonial New York: Philip Schuyler and His Family, Vol. 1, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1885] 2. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=Yn7XCAVIqbMC&pg=PA314&lpg=PA314&dq=Johan+van+Rensselaer&source=bl&ots=d6bx9ZrUms&sig=7mtPVejcMCxctEaXwRySmpv1kf4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=C5e9U-8i2KrIBN2UgbAJ&ved=0CB4Q6AEwATge#v=onepage&q=Johan%20van%20Rensselaer&f=false Roper, Louis H. and Van Ruymbeke, Bertrand. Constructing Early Modern Empires: Proprietary Ventures in the Atlantic World, 1500-1750, Brill, 2007] 3. ^Bielinski, Stefan. "Nicholas Van Rensselaer", New York State Museum 4. ^Hess, p. 84 5. ^{{cite DNB|wstitle=Vetch, Samuel|last=Vetch|first=Robert Hamilton|authorlink=|volume=}} 6. ^Plank, p. 44 7. ^{{cite book|last=Lamb|first=Martha J.|title=History of the City of New York: Its Origin, Rise and Progress. Volume 1.|orig-year=1877 |year=1896|publisher=A. S. Barnes and Company|page=301|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d-CsEHw-R0kC}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Judd|first1=Jacob|title=Van Cortlandt Family Papers Vol II|date=1977|publisher=Sleepy Hollow Restorations|location=Tarrytown|isbn=0-912882-29-8|pages=xxxviii,liv}} 9. ^Van Cortlandt, Pierre (1721-1814) at The Political Graveyard 10. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Livingston|first1=Edwin Brockholst|title=The Livingstons of Livingston manor; being the history of that branch of the Scottish house of Callendar which settled in the English province of New York during the reign of Charles the Second; and also including an account of Robert Livingston of Albany, "The nephew," a settler in the same province and his principal descendants|date=1901|publisher=The Knickerbocker Press|location=New York|url=https://archive.org/details/livingstonsofliv00newy|accessdate=16 September 2016}}
10 : 1656 births|1727 deaths|People of New Netherland|Schuyler family|Van Rensselaer family|Livingston family|17th-century American businesspeople|People of colonial New York|Colonial American merchants|17th-century businesswomen |
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