| 词条 | Vladikavkaz | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| en_name = Vladikavkaz | ru_name = Владикавказ | loc_name1 = Дзӕуджыхъæу | loc_lang1 = Ossetic | loc_name2 = | loc_lang2 = | loc_name3 = | loc_lang3 = | loc_name4 = | loc_lang4 = | other_name = | other_lang = | image_skyline = View of Vladikavkaz.jpg | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|43|01|N|44|39|E|display=inline,title}} | image_flag = | flag_caption = | image_coa = Coat of arms of Vladikavkaz.png | coa_caption = | anthem = | anthem_ref = | holiday = September 25 | holiday_ref = [1] | federal_subject = Republic of North Ossetia–Alania | federal_subject_ref = [2] | adm_district_jur = | adm_district_jur_ref = | adm_inhabloc_jur = Vladikavkaz City Under Republic Jurisdiction | adm_inhabloc_jur_ref = [2] | adm_citydistrict_jur = | adm_citydistrict_type = | adm_citydistrict_jur_ref = | adm_selsoviet_jur = | adm_selsoviet_type = | adm_selsoviet_jur_ref = | capital_of = Republic of North Ossetia–Alania | capital_of_ref = [4] | adm_ctr_of1 = Vladikavkaz City Under Republic Jurisdiction | adm_ctr_of1_ref = [2] | adm_ctr_of2 = | adm_ctr_of2_ref = | adm_ctr_of3 = | adm_ctr_of3_ref = | inhabloc_cat = City | inhabloc_cat_ref = [2] | inhabloc_type = | inhabloc_type_ref = | mun_district_jur = | mun_district_jur_ref = | urban_okrug_jur = Vladikavkaz Urban Okrug | urban_okrug_jur_ref = [7] | urban_settlement_jur = | urban_settlement_jur_ref = | rural_settlement_jur = | rural_settlement_jur_ref = | inter_settlement_territory = | inter_settlement_territory_ref = | mun_admctr_of1 = Vladikavkaz Urban Okrug | mun_admctr_of1_ref = [7] | mun_admctr_of2 = | mun_admctr_of2_ref = | leader_title = Head | leader_title_ref = | leader_name = Boris Albegov | leader_name_ref = [2] | representative_body = Assembly of Representatives | representative_body_ref = [3] | elevation_m = | area_km2 = 291 | area_km2_ref = | pop_2010census = 311693 | pop_2010census_rank = 60th | pop_2010census_ref = [4] | pop_latest = | pop_latest_date = | pop_latest_ref = | population_demonym = | time_zone_ref = | established_date = May 6, 1784 | established_title = | established_date_ref = [5] | current_cat_date = 1860 | current_cat_date_ref = | abolished_date = | abolished_date_ref = | postal_codes = 362000 | postal_codes_ref = | dialing_codes = 8672 | dialing_codes_ref = | website = http://vladikavkaz-osetia.ru }} Vladikavkaz ({{lang-rus|Владикавка́з|p=vlədʲɪkɐˈfkas}}, lit. ruler of the Caucasus; {{lang-os|Дзæуджыхъæу|translit=Dzæudžyqæu}} {{IPA-os|ˈd͡zæwd͡ʒəqæw}}, lit. {{Ill|Dzaug|ru|Бугулов, Дзауг}}'s settlement),[6][7][8] formerly known as Ordzhonikidze ({{lang|ru|Орджоники́дзе}}) and Dzaudzhikau ({{lang|ru|Дзауджика́у}}), is the capital city of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic at the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains, situated on the Terek River. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=311,693|p2002=315,068|p1989=300,198}} Vladikavkaz is one of the most populous cities in the North Caucasus. The city is an industrial and transportation center. Manufactured products include processed zinc and lead, machinery, chemicals, clothing and food products. History{{main|History of Vladikavkaz}}The city was founded in 1784[5] as a fortress during the Russian conquest of the Caucasus and was for many years the main Russian military base in the region. The Georgian Military Highway, crossing the mountains, was constructed in 1799 to link the city with Georgia to the south, and in 1875 a railway was built to connect it to Rostov-on-Don and Baku in Azerbaijan. Vladikavkaz has become an important industrial center for the region, with smelting, refining, chemicals and manufacturing industries. The city is one of the largest in the Russian-controlled Caucasus, along with Grozny, and was the capital of the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, a Soviet Republic established after the annexation of the Mountainous Republic of the North Caucasus. The puppet state existed from 1921 to 1924 and was part of, and in some cases incorporated, the modern-day territories of Chechnya, North Ossetia and Kabardino-Balkaria. From 1931 to 1944 and from 1954 to 1990, its name in both Russian and Ossetic languages was Ordzhonikidze ({{lang|ru|Орджоники́дзе}}) (after Sergo Ordzhonikidze, a Georgian Bolshevik), and from 1944 to 1954 it was officially called Dzaudzhikau ({{lang|ru|Дзауджика́у}}) in Russian and ({{lang|os|Дзæуджыхъæу}}) in Ossetic. Vladikavkaz resumed its old Russian name, in 1990, shortly before the dissolution of the Soviet Union; the official Ossetic name was reverted to Дзæуджыхъæу (Dzæudžyqæu). Vladikavkaz was fought over in both the Russian Civil War and World War II. In February 1919, the anti-Communist Volunteer Army under General Anton Denikin seized the city, before being expelled by the Red Army in March 1920. In November 1942, the forces of Nazi Germany tried unsuccessfully to seize the city but were repelled. On November 26, 2008, Vitaly Karayev, the mayor of Vladikavkaz was killed by an unidentified gunman.[9] On December 31, 2008, his successor, Kazbek Pagiyev, was also killed by unidentified gunmen.[10] Administrative and municipal statusVladikavkaz is the capital of the republic.[11] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with six rural localities, incorporated as Vladikavkaz City Under Republic Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[12] As a municipal division, Vladikavkaz City Under Republic Jurisdiction is incorporated as Vladikavkaz Urban Okrug.[13] TransportationThe city is served by the bus network (marshrutkas). There are also tram (since 1904) and trolleybus (since 1977) networks, plus the main Vladikavkaz railway station. The city is served by Beslan Airport located about 9 kilometres from the city. The Georgian Military Road, which is a part of European route E117, starts in Vladikavkaz and it connects the city with the South Caucasus. PopulationAccording to the results of the 2010 Census, the city population of Vladikavkaz was 330,148. Census 1873 23,766 The ethnic makeup of city's population was:
SportsFC Alania Vladikavkaz is an association football club based in Vladikavkaz, who won the Russian Premier League in 1995. Notable structuresIn Vladikavkaz, there is a guyed TV mast, {{convert|198|m||sp=us}} tall, built in 1961, which has six crossbars with gangways in two levels running from the mast structure to the guys. EducationNorth Ossetian State University is in the city. ReligionThe city's primary religion is Eastern Orthodox Christianity, which is followed by Russians, Georgians and some of the Ossetians. The rest of the Ossetian population adheres to the next largest religion, Uatsdin, an Ossetian folk religion, which nationwide is followed by 29% of the population. The remainder follow Protestantism, Islam, Armenian Orthodoxy and other beliefs. Twin towns and sister cities{{Main|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}Vladikavkaz is twinned with:
Gallery
GeographyClimateVladikavkaz experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) with warm, wet summers and cold, drier winters (though very mild for Russia). {{Weather box|width = auto |location=Vladikavkaz |metric first=yes |single line=yes |Jan record high C=19.6 |Feb record high C=23.0 |Mar record high C=30.3 |Apr record high C=34.0 |May record high C=35.0 |Jun record high C=38.0 |Jul record high C=37.5 |Aug record high C=39.2 |Sep record high C=38.2 |Oct record high C=33.5 |Nov record high C=27.0 |Dec record high C=27.1 |year record high C=39.2 |Jan high C=3.0 |Feb high C=3.2 |Mar high C=7.7 |Apr high C=14.8 |May high C = 19.4 |Jun high C = 23.2 |Jul high C = 25.7 |Aug high C = 25.4 |Sep high C = 20.8 |Oct high C = 15.1 |Nov high C = 8.4 |Dec high C = 4.3 |year high C = 14.3 |Jan mean C = -1.9 |Feb mean C = -1.7 |Mar mean C = 3.0 |Apr mean C = 9.5 |May mean C = 14.1 |Jun mean C = 18.0 |Jul mean C = 20.6 |Aug mean C = 20.1 |Sep mean C = 15.6 |Oct mean C = 9.8 |Nov mean C = 3.6 |Dec mean C = -0.7 |year mean C = 9.2 |Jan low C = -5.6 |Feb low C = -5.7 |Mar low C = -0.9 |Apr low C = 5.1 |May low C = 9.6 |Jun low C = 13.5 |Jul low C = 16.1 |Aug low C = 15.7 |Sep low C = 11.2 |Oct low C = 5.7 |Nov low C = 0.1 |Dec low C = -4.2 |year low C = 5.1 |Jan record low C = -27.2 |Feb record low C = -27.8 |Mar record low C = -22.0 |Apr record low C = -8.9 |May record low C = -2.8 |Jun record low C = 2.2 |Jul record low C = 7.5 |Aug record low C = 6.0 |Sep record low C = 0.0 |Oct record low C = -10.0 |Nov record low C = -22.2 |Dec record low C = -25.0 |year record low C = -27.8 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 31 |Feb precipitation mm = 34 |Mar precipitation mm = 54 |Apr precipitation mm = 85 |May precipitation mm = 140 |Jun precipitation mm = 175 |Jul precipitation mm = 109 |Aug precipitation mm = 89 |Sep precipitation mm = 75 |Oct precipitation mm = 60 |Nov precipitation mm = 46 |Dec precipitation mm = 31 |Jan snow cm = 11 |Feb snow cm = 17 |Mar snow cm = 11 |Apr snow cm = 15 |May snow cm = 0 |Jun snow cm = 0 |Jul snow cm = 0 |Aug snow cm = 0 |Sep snow cm = 0 |Oct snow cm = 7 |Nov snow cm = 10 |Dec snow cm = 10 |year snow cm = |Jan humidity = 79 |Feb humidity = 79 |Mar humidity = 78 |Apr humidity = 74 |May humidity = 76 |Jun humidity = 76 |Jul humidity = 74 |Aug humidity = 75 |Sep humidity = 79 |Oct humidity = 80 |Nov humidity = 81 |Dec humidity = 80 |year humidity = |Jan precipitation days = 6 |Feb precipitation days = 6 |Mar precipitation days = 8 |Apr precipitation days = 10 |May precipitation days = 14 |Jun precipitation days = 14 |Jul precipitation days = 11 |Aug precipitation days = 9 |Sep precipitation days = 8 |Oct precipitation days = 7 |Nov precipitation days = 7 |Dec precipitation days = 6 |Jan sun = 111.6 |Feb sun = 120.4 |Mar sun = 127.1 |Apr sun = 144.0 |May sun = 186.0 |Jun sun = 201.0 |Jul sun = 220.1 |Aug sun = 210.8 |Sep sun = 153.0 |Oct sun = 130.2 |Nov sun = 111.0 |Dec sun = 102.3 |year sun = |source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net[14] |date=January 2012 |source 2 = World Meteorological Organisation (UN)[15] }} Notable people
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{cite web|url=http://sputnik-ossetia.ru/North_Ossetia/20160926/3080916.html|title=День города по-владикавказски|first=|last=Sputnik|date=|website=sputnik-ossetia.ru|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427194857/http://sputnik-ossetia.ru/North_Ossetia/20160926/3080916.html|archivedate=April 27, 2017|df=mdy-all}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://vladikavkaz-osetia.ru/glava/|title=Приветственное слово главы АМС г. Владикавказа|author=|date=|website=vladikavkaz-osetia.ru|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426172644/http://www.vladikavkaz-osetia.ru/glava/|archivedate=April 26, 2017|df=mdy-all}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://vladikavkaz-osetia.ru/sobranie/|title=Собрание представителей|author=|date=|website=vladikavkaz-osetia.ru|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421015855/http://www.vladikavkaz-osetia.ru/sobranie/|archivedate=April 21, 2017|df=mdy-all}} 4. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} 5. ^1 {{cite book|title=Энциклопедия Города России|year=2003|publisher=Большая Российская Энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=5-7107-7399-9|page=75}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://vladikavkaz-osetia.ru/city/history.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-05-28 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521140353/http://vladikavkaz-osetia.ru/city/history.php |archivedate=May 21, 2012 |df=mdy-all }} the official Ossetic name>Дзæуджыхъæу (Dzæudžyqæu) 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://region15.ru/docs/vladikavkaz|title=15-й РЕГИОН: Владикавказ|first=|last=region15.ru|date=|website=«15-й РЕГИОН»|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422131712/http://region15.ru/docs/vladikavkaz|archivedate=April 22, 2017|df=mdy-all}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://docs.cntd.ru/document/304200016|title=КОНСТИТУЦИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ СЕВЕРНАЯ ОСЕТИЯ - АЛАНИЯ (с изменениями на: 10.05.2017), Конституция Республики Северная Осетия - Алания от 12 ноября 1994 года|author=|date=|website=docs.cntd.ru|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928001557/http://docs.cntd.ru/document/304200016|archivedate=September 28, 2016|df=mdy-all}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7749500.stm |title=Europe | Southern Russia mayor gunned down |publisher=BBC News |date=2008-11-26 |accessdate=2010-04-25 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204065302/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7749500.stm |archivedate=December 4, 2008 |df=mdy-all }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=13437548&PageNum=0|title=Itar-Tass|publisher=Itar-Tass|date=|accessdate=2010-04-25}}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=SheriffIsInTown |fix-attempted=yes }} 11. ^1 Constitution of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania 12. ^1 2 3 4 Law #34-RZ 13. ^1 2 Law #10-RZ 14. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.pogoda.ru.net/climate/37228.htm| title = Pogoda.ru.net| accessdate = September 8, 2007| publisher = | language = Russian| deadurl = no| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120516082511/http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/37228.htm| archivedate = May 16, 2012| df = mdy-all}} 15. ^{{cite web |url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/107/c01035.htm |title = World Weather Information Service – Wladikavkaz |accessdate = December 31, 2010 |publisher = United Nations |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20091125154211/http://worldweather.wmo.int/107/c01035.htm |archivedate = November 25, 2009 |df = mdy-all}} Sources
External links
5 : Vladikavkaz|Terek Oblast|Cities of Military Glory|Populated places established in 1784|1784 establishments in the Russian Empire |
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