| 词条 | Alpha Group (Ukraine) |
| 释义 |
|unit_name= Spetsgruppa "A" "Alpha Group" | image= Alpha SBU emblem.png |image_size = 150px |caption= The badge of SBU Alfa Group |dates= 28 July 1974 - present |country= {{USSR}} (1974 - 1991) {{flag|Ukraine}} (1991 - present) |allegiance= |branch= Spetsnaz of the KGB (1974–1991) Security Service of Ukraine (1991 - present) |type= Special forces |role= Special operations |size= Classified |command_structure= |garrison= Kyiv |garrison_label= |nickname= Alpha Group, Alpha (Alfa) |patron= |motto= |colors= |colors_label= |march= |mascot= |equipment= |equipment_label= |battles= Soviet Union: Operation Storm-333 Aeroflot Flight 6833 hostage crisis January Events Soviet coup d'état attempt Russian constitutional crisis Ukraine: War on Terror 2014 Ukrainian revolution War in Donbass |anniversaries= |battle_honours= | commander1 = | commander1_label = | notable_commanders = Gen. Viktor Karpukhin Gen. Gennady Zaitsev }}Special Group "Alpha" is a branch of the Security Service of Ukraine; and a successor of the Soviet Union's Alpha Group.[1] HistoryOn 28 July 1974, Alpha Group was created on the orders of the KGB Chairman, Yuri Andropov, in the aftermath of the 1972 Munich massacre. It might have been established as a response to West Germany's creation of the Grenzschutzgruppe 9 (or the GSG 9).[1] By attaching a special-purpose unit to the office of the First Chief Directorate in Moscow (later the Seventh Directorate[2]), it was hoped that the Soviet Union's defensive capacity against terrorist attacks would increase significantly. At the time, other, more offensive special forces of the KGB included the groups Zenit and Kaskad/Omega. Another important mission for Alpha was to provide security for the Soviet leadership against enemy special forces in times of crisis or war.[3] Later, territorial Alpha units were established across the Soviet Union. The date of the creation of an Alpha detachment in Ukraine is March 3, 1990. That's when the order was given to the chief of the 7th Directorate of the KGB to establish 10th group (Kiev) Group 'A' Services EIR 7th Directorate of the KGB. The selection proces was rigorous. Of the initial 120 KGB candidates, only 15 passed the rigorous selection course to establish the first detachment under the leadership of commander Peter Feliksovich Zakrevskii.[4] Post breakup of the USSRThe Kiev territorial unit of Group "A" was converted into Service "C" of the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) in 1992.[4] Nevertheless, it has continued to be informally called "Alpha", until June 23, 1994, when by the decree of the President of Ukraine on the basis of service "C" of the SBU was created Directorate "A" (Alpha). At this point in the SBU's groups "A" consists of 5 offices and regional offices based in each regional center of Ukraine. 2014 Ukrainian CrisisIn April 2014, in the aftermath of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, when Ukraine's Alpha snipers were alleged to shoot at the protesters,[5][6] it was purged and reorganised,[7] and soon used by the new government against the pro-Russian separatist forces in the War in Donbass. Late April 2014 three officers were captured by members of the Donbass People's Militia armed group led by Igor Strelkov in the town of Horlivka, after which they were beaten up and shown on Russian television;[8] the SBU spokeswoman said the separatists acted on a tip from infiltrators inside the agency.[9] The SBU Alfa defector Alexander Khodakovsky, a former Alfa commander for Donetsk Oblast who has deserted from Ukrainian service along with several of his men following the revolution, became the commander of the rebel Vostok Battalion and later was given the post of security minister of the separatist Donetsk People's Republic.[10] Overall, SBU reported that about 30% of its Alpha group members were unaccounted for and were likely fighting alongside Donetsk or Luhansk insurgent groups and in March 2014 the Alpha group only had about 200 active members still loyal to Ukraine.[11][12] Operational recordFrom its inception in 1994 to 2010, members of the special unit carried out more than 7,000 operations, from weapons seizure to anti narcotics operations, to apprehension of organized gang members, with no casualties sustained.[13] The unit suffered its first casualty in June 2014, fighting against russian separatists and possibly, russian special forces, in the Donbass conflict. As of 2018, seven SBU Alpha operators lost their lives in the conflict.[14] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite book|author=David Cox|title=Close Protection: The Politics of Guarding Russia's Rulers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rsB-5-e0RwgC&pg=PA59|accessdate=19 February 2013|year=2001|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-96688-1|page=59}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.psan.org/document518.html |title=The Early Yeltsin Years |accessdate=2008-02-01 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201083223/http://www.psan.org/document518.html |archivedate=1 February 2008 |df=dmy }} by Jonathan Littell. 3. ^{{Cite web|title = KGB Spetsnaz & World War III|url = http://espionagehistoryarchive.com/2015/04/17/kgb-spetsnaz-world-war-iii/|website = Espionage History Archive|accessdate = 2015-08-24|first = Mark|last = Hackard|authorlink=Mark Hackard}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://alfa.org.ua/?r=history |title=Международная Ассоциация Ветеранов Подразделений Антитеррора "Альфа" |publisher=Alfa.org.ua |date= |accessdate=3 March 2014}} 5. ^{{cite web|author=Jamie Dettmer |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/03/30/exclusive-photographs-expose-russian-trained-killers-in-kiev.html |title=Exclusive: Photographs Expose Russian-Trained Killers in Kiev |publisher=The Daily Beast |date= |accessdate=2014-07-25}} 6. ^{{cite web|last=Golitsina |first=Natalya |url=http://www.rferl.org/content/ukraine-snipers-sbu-photos-video/25318776.html |title=Photos Link Yanukovych’s Troops To Maidan Massacre |publisher=Rferl.org |date= |accessdate=2014-07-25}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/1,114871,16354946,Separatystycznym_batalionem_Wostok_dowodzil_byly_dowodca.html |title=Separatystycznym batalionem Wostok dowodził były dowódca ukraińskiego specnazu |language=pl |publisher=Wiadomosci.gazeta.pl |date=2014-07-21 |accessdate=2014-07-25}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/ukraine/10791091/Ukrainian-intelligence-officers-detained-by-pro-Russian-separatists.html |title=Video: Ukrainian intelligence officers detained by pro-Russian separatists |publisher=Telegraph |date=2014-04-27 |accessdate=2014-05-04}} 9. ^{{cite web|author=Oksana Grytsenko |url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/separatists-acted-on-a-tip-to-capture-sbu-officers-video-345439.html |title=Separatists acted on a tip to capture SBU officers, Ukraine's security service says (VIDEO) |publisher=Kyivpost.com |date=2014-04-28 |accessdate=2014-05-04}} 10. ^{{cite web|last=Rothkopf |first=David |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/07/11/all_is_not_well_in_novorossiya_ukraine_strelkov_putin_donetsk |title=All Is Not Well in Novorossiya |publisher=Foreignpolicy.com |date= |accessdate=2014-07-25}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.informator.su/tret-spetsnaza-sbu-v-donbasse-predateli/|publisher=Informator|title=1/3 of Alpha group traitors|accessdate=16 October 2014}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/30513.html|title=The President instructed the Head of the Donetsk Regional State Administration to relocate temporarily the administration office to Mariupol|publisher=Official Ukrainian Presidential site|date=13 June 2014|accessdate=17 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318013353/http://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/30513.html|archive-date=2015-03-18|dead-url=yes|df=}} 13. ^https://kp.ua/life/210905-v-yrake-boitsy-alfy-poluchauit-menshe-druhykh-a-sluzhat-dolshe 14. ^http://www.alfa.org.ua/ua/worthy External links{{Commons category|Special Forces of the Security Service of Ukraine "Alpha"}}{{Ukrainian crisis navbox}} 3 : Security Service of Ukraine|KGB|Special forces of Ukraine |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。