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词条 Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)
释义

  1. Background

  2. The offensive

  3. Strategic analysis

  4. Aftermath

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. External links

{{Infobox military conflict|conflict = Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)
|partof = the Syrian Civil War and
the American-led intervention in Syria
|image = Southern Al-Hasakah offensive (2015).svg
|caption = Map of the frontline changes from 17 November 2015 – 20 February 2016 {{leftlegend|#FFFF00|SDF control}} {{leftlegend|#B4B2AE|ISIL control}} {{leftlegend|#EDC4BE|Syrian Army control}} {{leftlegend|olive|Ongoing confrontation or unclear situation}}
|date = 16–24 February 2016
({{Age in months, weeks and days|year1=2016|month1=02|day1=16|year2=2016|month2=02|day2=24}})
|place = Southern Al-Hasakah Governorate, Syria
|result = Major SDF victory[1][2]
  • SDF forces capture 315+ villages and hamlets,[3] and 2 oil fields[4]
  • The SDF captures al-Shaddadi city,[5][6] and the towns of Sabaa,[7] Al-Fadghami,[8] and Al-Arishah[9]
  • SDF forces capture over 2,400 square kilometers (1,491 square miles) of territory[3][11]
  • ISIL releases the last 42 of the 287–400 Assyrian Christian hostages that they captured in February 2015[12]

|combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}} Syrian Democratic Forces
{{flagicon image|International_Freedom_Battalion_original_banner.svg}} International Freedom Battalion
Airstrikes:
{{flagicon image|Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg|size=20px|border=no}} CJTF–OIR
|combatant2 = {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
|commander1 = {{flagicon image|People's Protection Units Flag.svg|border=no}} Simko Çelê[1]
(YPG commander of Shaddadi operations)
{{flagicon image|YPJ Flag.svg|border=}} Rojda Felat[2]
{{small|(YPJ commander)}}
{{flagicon image|YPJ Flag.svg|border=}} Torhildan[15][3]
(YPJ commander)
{{flagicon image|Flag of al-Sanadid Forces.svg}} Alwan al-Shammari[3]
(Al-Sanadid Forces commander)
{{flagicon image|Flag of Jaysh al-Thuwar.svg}} Adnan Abu Amjad[3][4]
({{small|Northern Sun Battalion deputy commander}})
{{flagicon image|Syria-flag 1932-58 1961-63.svg}} Qehreman[3]
(Liberation Brigade commander-in-chief)
|commander2 = {{Flagdeco|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} Abu Ali al-Anbari
(Deputy, Syria)
{{Flagdeco|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} Adam al-Chechani{{KIA}}[21]
(Top ISIL commander in Al-Hasakah Province)
{{Flagdeco|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} Abu Abeer al-Iraqi{{KIA}}[21]
(Deputy Emir of Al-Shaddadi)
{{Flagdeco|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} Abu Aicha al-Jazrawi{{KIA}}[21]
(Head of Sharia Court in Al-Shaddadi)
{{Flagdeco|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} Rima al-Jarish{{KIA}}[21]
(Propaganda Chief in northeastern Syria)
|units1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}} Syrian Democratic Forces
  • {{flagicon image|People's Protection Units Flag.svg|border=no}} YPG
  • {{flagicon image|YPJ_Flag.svg|border=no}} YPJ
  • {{flagicon image|Flag of al-Sanadid Forces.svg}} Al-Sanadid Forces[3]
  • {{flagicon image|Flag of Jaysh al-Thuwar.svg}} Jaysh al-Thuwar[3]
    • Northern Sun Battalion[3]
  • {{flagicon image|Flag of Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa.svg}} Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa[5]
  • {{flagicon image|MFS infobox flag.png}} Syriac Military Council (MFS)[3]
    • Bethnahrain Women's Protection Forces
  • {{flagicon image|Syria-flag 1932-58 1961-63.svg}} Liberation Brigade[3]
  • al-Jazeera brigades[3]
{{flagicon image|International_Freedom_Battalion_original_banner.svg}} International Freedom Battalion[6]
  • {{flagicon image|Birleşik Özgürlük Güçleri (United Freedom Forces) flag.svg}} United Freedom Forces[6]
    • {{flagicon image|Flag of MLSPB-Devrim Cephesi.svg}} MLSPB-DC[6]
  • {{flagicon image|Reconstrucción Comunista RC flag.svg}} Reconstrucción Comunista[6]
  • {{flagicon image|Flag of Communist Party of Turkey-Marxist–Leninist.svg}} TKP/ML TİKKO[6]

|units2 = {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} Military of ISIL
  • al-Barakah Province

|strength1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}} SDF: 6,000 fighters[7]
{{flagicon|United States}} US: Unknown[38]
|strength2 = 2,000+ fighters[8][40]
|casualties1 = 26 fighters killed, 13+ injured[6][42][9][10]
|casualties2 = 455+ militants killed[3][46][47]
|casualties3 = 40 civilians killed by CJTF–OIR airstrikes[11][12][13]
30,000+ people displaced and flee to ISIL territory[14]
|image_size = 300px}}{{Campaignbox Syrian Civil War}}{{Campaignbox Rojava Revolution}}

The al-Shaddadi offensive (2016), also known as Operation Wrath of Khabur,[52][15] was an offensive launched by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) during the Syrian Civil War, in February 2016. The main goal of this offensive was to capture the strategic city of Al-Shaddadi and the remainder of the southern al-Hasakah Governorate from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).[52][16] During the offensive, the US-led coalition conducted more than 86 airstrikes in Al-Shaddadi and the nearby areas, in support of the SDF advances.[17]

Background

{{Main article|2015 Al-Hawl offensive}}

On 31 October 2015, the SDF launched an offensive to capture the town of al-Hawl and the surrounding countryside from ISIL. On 13 November, the SDF captured al-Hawl and the al-Hawl Refugee Camp, along with the areas to the east and south of the town, and on 16 November, the SDF captured a pocket of ISIL territory to the northwest of al-Hawl. On 22 November, the SDF captured the town of Kama'il, the Regiment 121 base, and the surrounding area. By 30 November, the SDF had captured the South Hasakah Dam and the village of Qana, coming within {{convert|25|km|mi|2}} of Al-Shaddadi from both the north and northeast. During the al-Hawl offensive, the SDF captured 1,400 square kilometers (870 square miles) of land,[18] including more than 240 towns and villages.[19] By 23 December, the SDF had captured the town of Al-Arishah. On the same day, the SDF repelled a pro-Assad militia attack on their positions in the town.[20]

The offensive

On 16 February 2016, the SDF launched an offensive to capture the strategic city of al-Shaddadi and the surrounding countryside,[21] with a force of about 6,000 fighters.[7] SDF forces attacked mainly from two axes, from the Abdul al-Aziz Mountains and from the al-Hawl area, advancing towards Shaddadi from the northwest and the northeast.[62] On 18 February, the SDF captured at least eight villages and two other areas,[11] including the villages of Mashtal and Mishwar, to the southwest of Al-Hawl.[22] On the same day, the SDF also captured the Jabisah and Kabibah oil fields,[23][24][25] both to the northeast of Al-Shaddadi. By this time, SDF forces had captured 48 villages and hamlets since the start of the offensive.[26] At least 49 ISIL militants were killed, and another dozen were wounded in the clashes.[11][22] 38 civilians were killed by US-led coalition airstrikes.[11]

On 19 February 2016, the SDF cut off the al-Shaddadi–al-Baaj road,[27] capturing multiple villages in the process, including: Dilan, Simalka, Ballouna, Dabshi, Meshal, Mashwar, Khirba, Givara, Umm Tanak, Umm Bouja, and Misherfa.[28] On the same day, the SDF reached the northeastern entrance of Al-Shaddadi, and they also advanced within 3 kilometers of Al-Shaddadi's northwestern outskirts,[29] capturing the town of Sabaa.[30] SDF forces also captured another 47 villages around Al-Shaddadi, and fully besieged the city.[31] This also trapped many ISIL fighters in a pocket of villages between Al-Arishah and Al-Shaddadi.[31][32]

Later on 19 February, al-Shaddadi was captured by the Syrian Democratic Forces,[33][34][35][36][37] A US-led coalition airstrike also killed several high-ranking ISIL leaders in Al-Shaddadi on 19 February.[38] On the same day, a YPG position to the east of Al-Hasakah was bombed by an unidentified jet, killing three YPG fighters and wounding two others.[39]

On 20 February, the SDF advanced further south of al-Shaddadi and captured the village of al-Alwa, as well as the town of al-Fadghami.[40] SDF forces also captured 12 farms and villages during this advance.[41] This left Markada as the last town controlled by ISIL in the Al-Hasakah Governorate. On the same day, the SDF celebrated capturing Al-Shaddadi from ISIL.[1]

On 21 February, violent clashes erupted, after ISIL attempted to infiltrate an area in the al-Shaddadi countryside.[42] On the same day, SDF forces advanced further southward, coming within 16 kilometers (10 miles) of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate. A pro-Kurdish source claimed the SDF also reportedly captured the town of Markada, although this was not independently confirmed. At least 64 ISIL militants were killed in the clashes. It was also reported that the SDF found and eliminated three separate groups of ISIL militants that were hiding in Al-Shaddadi city, and that ISIL was sending reinforcements from the Deir ez-Zor Governorate to prevent further SDF advances.[43][44] Later on the same day, the SDF released an operations statement sheet, declaring that they had liberated 2,400 square kilometers (1,491 square miles) of land from ISIL forces.[45] The SDF began cleanup operations to remove the mines and booby traps left behind by ISIL, and to sweep the countryside for any remaining ISIL militants.[45]

Late on 21 February, ISIL forces launched a counterattack, in an attempt to recapture the city, re-entering Al-Shaddadi's western and southern suburbs, and recapturing the town of Sabaa. However, SDF forces managed to repel the attack and recaptured Sabaa; 11 SDF fighters and seven ISIL militants were reported killed in the clashes.[9][95][46] Afterwards, SDF fighters began fortifying Al-Shaddadi, to protect against future attacks. The SDF also stated that they would never give up control of the city to ISIL, and that they would work to push ISIL out of the entire Al-Hasakah Province and keep them from returning.[9] Early on 22 February, ISIL launched another counterattack on Al-Shaddadi's southern outskirts, resulting in additional clashes, before they were repelled by the SDF once again.[47] Early on 23 February, SDF forces recaptured the Jabisah oil field, following an earlier ISIL counterattack.[48] Clashes also erupted to the south of Al-Shaddadi.[49]

On 23 February, ISIL also released the last 42 Assyrian Christian hostages that they had captured from the Khabur Valley region, during a previous offensive in February 2015.[50] It was also reported that half of Al-Shaddadi had been cleared of the bombs left behind by ISIL.[51] Later on the same day, ISIL's forces in the southern countryside of Al-Shaddadi were reported to have collapsed and retreated back to the Markada District.[52] Early on 24 February, the SOHR reported that two more civilians had been killed by US-led coalition airstrikes near Al-Shaddadi,[13] while clashes continued south of Al-Shaddadi.[53] Additionally, four YPG fighters, one of them a German volunteer, were killed in the Al-Shaddadi countryside during clashes with ISIL.[10] Later on the same day, it was reported that 120 ISIL militants had been found and killed, during a clearing operation in a village south of Al-Shaddadi.[54] Late on 24 February, it was reported that the SDF had ended their offensive operations, after they completely secured and demined the city of Al-Shaddadi, along with the surrounding countryside, including the pocket between Al-Arishah and Al-Shaddadi.[55][56] By the end of the offensive, the SDF had captured 315+ villages and 2,400+ square kilometers (1,491+ square miles) of land from ISIL.[57] It was later revealed that during the offensive, a small number of US commanders had traveled to the frontlines to help advise SDF forces, and to coordinate airstrikes.[58]

Strategic analysis

The capture of al-Shaddadi left the ISIL capital city of Raqqa as the only major ISIL stronghold near SDF-held territories in northeastern Syria.[59] The capture of al-Shaddadi was considered to be a major victory for the SDF and the US-led Coalition, because Al-Shaddadi was the city from which ISIL had planned all of its attacks on Kurdish-held territories in the Al-Hasakah Province, and because Al-Shaddadi was also the last major hub on the Syrian side of the Mosul-Raqqa route, following the capture of al-Hawl. Although the SDF managed to sever another key supply route between Raqqa and Mosul,[60] Coalition Spokesman Col. Christopher Garver noted that ISIL could still switch to using multiple other goat trails and desert roads, even though those routes would be much harder to navigate.[59] ISIL's sudden collapse in al-Shaddadi was described as "swift and surprising," and the withdrawal was thought to be due to ISIL's tactical reasoning or an attempt to alarm Turkey with rapid Kurdish advances.[23] In late March 2016, US officials revealed that the Al-Shaddadi offensive had originally been planned as a 6-week-long operation, but instead, ISIL forces there collapsed within days.[61]

Aftermath

{{See also|Manbij offensive}}

On 1 August 2016, a motorcycle bomb blew up at an Internet café in Shaddadi, killing at least 4 civilians.[62]

On 26 August, ISIL forces launched a counterattack on the southern Shaddadi countryside after shelling and detonating 2 car bombs at SDF positions, reportedly capturing 3 villages in the area.[63] ISIL conducted another attack on the city's suburbs on 11 September, but the attack was repelled by the SDF.[64]

See also

{{portal|Syrian Civil War|Kurdistan}}
  • November 2015 Sinjar offensive
  • Al-Hasakah offensive (May 2015)
  • Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)
  • Battle of Al-Hasakah (June–August 2015)
  • Tishrin Dam offensive
  • Northern Raqqa offensive (May 2016)
  • Manbij offensive (2016)
  • List of wars and battles involving ISIL

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://dckurd.org/2016/02/19/sdf-commander-shaddadi-operation-brings-closer-the-end-of-isis/|title=SDF Commander: Shaddadi operation brings closer the end of ISIS|publisher=}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/the-times/revolutionary-kurdish-feminist-leading-the-assault-on-raqqa/news-story/73a0c133baab2e19bd8c6e9e9ed12a53|title=Revolutionary Kurdish feminist leads assault on Raqqa|publisher=The Australian|author=Tom Coghlan|date=28 May 2016|accessdate=1 January 2017}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web |title=War on ISIS unites Syrian Kurds, Arabs and Christians |publisher=ARA News|url=http://aranews.net/2015/11/war-on-isis-unites-syrian-kurds-arabs-and-christians/ |date=21 November 2015 |accessdate=5 December 2015}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/3c865b8b-10cc-4708-868e-33d18cb4968b|title=Senior SDF commander lost his life in Raqqa fighting IS|work=Kurdistan 24|author=Hisham Arafat|date=31 August 2017}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/03/syria-raqqa-revolutionaries-brigade-liberation-isis.html#|title=Raqqa brigade continues to raise flag of Syrian revolution|work=Al-Monitor|author=Sardar Mlla Drwish|date=18 March 2016|accessdate=4 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408114327/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/03/syria-raqqa-revolutionaries-brigade-liberation-isis.html|archive-date=2016-04-08|dead-url=yes|df=}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=https://anfenglish.com/kurdistan/international-freedom-battalion-also-joining-the-shaddadi-operation|title =International Freedom Battalion also joining the Shaddadi operation|work=ANF News|date=21 February 2016|accessdate=1 August 2016}}
7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://qctimes.com/news/opinion/editorial/columnists/david-ignatius/ignatius-a-pivotal-moment-in-a-tangled-war/article_f1bdcaa6-3e74-54dd-9925-462ed218b282.html|title=Ignatius: A pivotal moment in a tangled war|author=David Ignatius|date=20 February 2016|work=The Quad-City Times|accessdate=21 February 2016}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://m.voanews.com/a/united-states-supplied-syrian-rebels-win-back-islamic-state-territory/3037209.html|title=US-Supplied Syrian Rebels Win Back IS Territory|work=Voa News|accessdate=6 November 2015}}
9. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2016/02/isis-militants-fight-back-in-syrias-shaddadi-after-kurdish-advance/|title=ISIS militants fight back in Syria's Shaddadi after Kurdish advance|publisher=ARA News|accessdate=25 February 2016}}
10. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=44454 |title=The 3rd German militant in YPG killed Hasakah countryside |author=Edward |work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights |accessdate=18 February 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160226012602/http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=44454 |archivedate=26 February 2016 }}
11. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=44235 |title=Within 72 hours… US-led International coalition’s warplanes kill 38 civilians in the countryside of Al-Hasakah |author=Edward |work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights |accessdate=18 February 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220002159/http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=44235 |archivedate=20 February 2016 }}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=44216 |title=35 casualties and injuries in bombing by the international coalition’s warplanes on Shaddadi |author=Edward |work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights |accessdate=18 February 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312031428/http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=44216 |archivedate=12 March 2016 }}
13. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/?p=158072 |title=شهداء في ضربات جوية على ريف الحسكة وقوات النظام تقصف سهل الغاب |author=suliman |work=المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان |accessdate=25 February 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225115441/http://www.syriahr.com/?p=158072 |archivedate=25 February 2016 }}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://syriadirect.org/news/in-battle-for-one-corner-of-al-hasakah-30000-displaced-move-south-toward-islamic-state-territory-amidst-fears-of-sdf/|title=In battle for one corner of Al-Hasakah, 30,000 displaced move south toward Islamic State territory amidst fears of SDF|publisher=}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/JPY_Kurdish/status/700993603687096322|title=Wrath of Khabur: February 2016|work=Twitter|accessdate=21 February 2016}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2015/11/syrian-democratic-forces-to-extend-anti-isis-operations/|title=Syrian Democratic Forces to extend anti-ISIS operations - ARA News|date=18 November 2015|publisher=|access-date=2016-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415095543/http://aranews.net/2015/11/syrian-democratic-forces-to-extend-anti-isis-operations/|archive-date=2016-04-15|dead-url=yes|df=}}
17. ^27 (Feb. 13–19)[https://twitter.com/CJTFOIR/status/701376087906000896] + 59 (Feb. 20–26)[https://twitter.com/CJTFOIR/status/704041039993180160?lang=en] = 86 airstrikes (Feb. 13–26)
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://qasioun.net/en/article/Sulo-:493-fighters-of-ISIS-killed-during-the-military-campaign-in-countryside-of-Hassaka/4490/|title=Qasioun News Agency - Sulo :493 fighters of ISIS killed during the military campaign in countryside of Hassaka|publisher=|accessdate=27 November 2015}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2016/02/u-s-led-coalition-bombs-isis-main-bastion-in-syrias-hasakah/|title=U.S.-led coalition bombs ISIS main bastion in Syria's Hasakah|publisher=ARA News|accessdate=18 February 2016}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2015/12/western-backed-syrian-democratic-forces-clash-with-pro-assad-troops-in-hasakah/|title=Pro-Assad militias attack positions of western-backed Syrian Democratic Forces in Hasakah|publisher=ARA News|accessdate=18 February 2016}}
21. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.qsdmedia.org/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%BA%D8%B6%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A/|title=حملة غضب الخابور لتحرير منطقة الشدادي - قوات سوريا الديمقراطية|publisher=|accessdate=18 February 2016}}
22. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2016/02/kurdish-arab-alliance-expels-isis-jihadis-from-key-villages-in-syrias-hasakah/|title=Kurdish-Arab alliance expels ISIS jihadis from key villages in Syria's Hasakah|publisher=ARA News|accessdate=18 February 2016}}
23. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/opinion/comment/sudden-retreats-dont-mean-that-isil-is-defeated|title=Sudden retreats don’t mean that ISIL is defeated|author=Hassan Hassan|publisher=|accessdate=25 February 2016}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/islamicworldupd/status/700311376087089153|title=islamic world update|work=Twitter|accessdate=25 February 2016}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2016/02/despite-turkish-strikes-syrian-democratic-forces-make-new-gains-isis/|title=Despite Turkish strikes, Syrian Democratic Forces make new gains against ISIS - ARA News|date=22 February 2016|publisher=}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://tr.hawarnews.com/xaburun-ofkesi-buyuyorqsd-sedadeye-yaklasiyor/|title=‘Xabur’un Öfkesi’ büyüyor, QSD Şedade’ye yaklaşıyor|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2016}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2016/02/kurds-allies-cut-off-main-isis-supply-route-on-syria-iraq-border/|title=Kurds, allies cut off main ISIS supply route on Syria-Iraq border|publisher=ARA News|accessdate=21 February 2016}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2016/02/syrian-democratic-forces-make-new-gains-against-isis-near-iraqi-border/|title=Syrian Democratic Forces make new gains against ISIS near Iraqi border|publisher=ARA News|accessdate=21 February 2016}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-sdf-approaching-last-isis-stronghold-in-al-hasakah/|title=Breaking: SDF at the gates of the last ISIS stronghold in Al-Hasakah|author=Leith Fadel|date=19 February 2016|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=21 February 2016}}
30. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/?p=156867 |title=قوات سوريا الديمقراطية تقترب من الشدادي وتسيطر على الـ 47 |author=khaled |work=المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان |accessdate=21 February 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302012047/http://www.syriahr.com/?p=156867 |archivedate=2 March 2016 }}
31. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.qsdmedia.org/327-2/|title=قوات سوريا الديمقراطية تطبق الخناق على داعش في الشدادي بالكامل - قوات سوريا الديمقراطية|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2016}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.qsdmedia.org/336-2/|title=مقتل 12 إرهابيا لداعش داخل المدينة وعمليات التمشيط والتأمين جارية داخل المدينة والقرى المجاورة - قوات سوريا الديمقراطية|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2016}}
33. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.anfenglish.com/kurdistan/sdf-liberate-the-entire-town-of-shaddadi|title=SDF liberate the entire town of Shaddadi|work=ANF News|accessdate=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220205042/http://www.anfenglish.com/kurdistan/sdf-liberate-the-entire-town-of-shaddadi|archive-date=2016-02-20|dead-url=yes|df=}}
34. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2016/02/syrian-democratic-forces-announce-liberation-of-main-isis-bastion-in-hasakah/|title=Syrian Democratic Forces announce liberation of last ISIS bastion in Hasakah|publisher=ARA News|accessdate=21 February 2016}}
35. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=44258 |title=The Syrian Democratic Forces takeover Shaddadi city in Al-Hasakah after nearly 3 days of starting the offensive |author=Edward |work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights |accessdate=21 February 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224051657/http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=44258 |archivedate=24 February 2016 }}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.euronews.com/2016/02/19/syria-isil-stronghold-of-al-shadadi-captured-by-kurdish-led-forces/|title=Syria: ISIL stronghold of al-Shadadi ‘captured by Kurdish-led forces’|work=euronews|accessdate=21 February 2016}}
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38. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2016/02/18432/|title=ISIS media official, jihadi leaders killed in American strike north Syria|publisher=ARA News|accessdate=21 February 2016}}
39. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://en.hawarnews.com/ypg-general-command-our-emplacements-bombed-by-an-unidentified-jet/|title=YPG General Command: Our emplacements bombed by an unidentified jet|publisher=|accessdate=25 February 2016}}
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41. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-democratic-forces-advance-south-towards-deir-ezzor-border/|title=Syrian Democratic Forces advance south towards Deir Ezzor border|author=Leith Fadel|date=21 February 2016|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=21 February 2016}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=44295 |title=Violent clash and counter attack by the "Islamic State" in Shaddadi countryside |author=Edward |work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights |accessdate=25 February 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312044121/http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=44295 |archivedate=12 March 2016 }}
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44. ^{{cite web|url=http://serhildan.tk/news/13057/4-isis-gang-members-killed-in-eastern-shaddadi |title=4 ISIS gang members killed in eastern Shaddadi |work=#FreeKurds - Kurdistan'dan notlar |accessdate=25 February 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203157/http://serhildan.tk/news/13057/4-isis-gang-members-killed-in-eastern-shaddadi |archivedate=3 March 2016 }}
45. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.qsdmedia.org/343-2/|title=بيان القيادة العامة لقوات سوريا الديمقراطية بخصوص تحرير منطقة الشدادي - قوات سوريا الديمقراطية|publisher=|accessdate=25 February 2016}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/?p=157356 |title=مطالبة التحالف الدولي بتحديد هوية طائرة قتلت عناصر من الوحدات الكردية بريف الشدادي في الحسكة، و90 قتلوا وأسروا واستشهدوا خلال معارك السيطرة على مدينة الشدادي وقرى بريفها في الريف الجنوبي لمدينة الحسكة |author=khaled |work=المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان |accessdate=25 February 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222124543/http://www.syriahr.com/?p=157356 |archivedate=22 February 2016 }}
47. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-launches-counter-offensive-at-al-shadadi/|title=ISIS launches counter-offensive at Al-Shadadi in east Syria|author=Leith Fadel|date=22 February 2016|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=25 February 2016}}
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49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/?p=157808 |title=ريف الشدادي يشهد معارك عنيفة ومتواصلة وقصف يستهدف مناطق بريف حمص الشمالي |author=suliman |work=المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان |accessdate=25 February 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224094543/http://www.syriahr.com/?p=157808 |archivedate=24 February 2016 }}
50. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2016/02/isis-releases-final-batch-of-christian-hostages-northeast-syria/|title=ISIS releases 42 Christian hostages northeast Syria|publisher=ARA News|accessdate=25 February 2016}}
51. ^{{cite web|url=http://ku.hawarnews.com/li-sedade-33-cenazeyen-ceteyan-hatin-ditin/|title=Li Şedadê 33 cenazeyên çeteyan hatin dîtin|publisher=|accessdate=25 February 2016}}
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53. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=44451 |title=Clashes continue in Shaddadi area and its surroundings and more casualties in the countryside of Al-Hasakah |author=Edward |work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights |accessdate=25 February 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160226012556/http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=44451 |archivedate=26 February 2016 }}
54. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://ku.hawarnews.com/servanen-qsde-hawaneke-120-destserkirin/|title=Şervanên QSD’ê hawaneke 120 destserkirin|publisher=HawarNews|accessdate=25 February 2016}}
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59. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/kurds-celebrate-capture-key-stronghold-1606421989#sthash.MX9jWwyE.bAtL8lwq.dpuf|title=Kurds celebrate capture of key IS stronghold|work=Middle East Eye|accessdate=21 February 2016}}
60. ^{{cite web|url=http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/210220161|title=Syrian democratic forces liberate al-Shaddadi|work=Rudaw|accessdate=25 February 2016}}
61. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/in-syria-and-iraq-the-islamic-state-is-in-retreat-on-multiple-fronts/2016/03/24/a0e33774-f101-11e5-a2a3-d4e9697917d1_story.html|title=In Syria and Iraq, the Islamic State is in retreat on multiple fronts|publisher=}}
62. ^{{cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2016/08/explosion-hit-oil-rich-syrian-town-shaddadi-civilian-casualties-reported/|title=Explosion hit oil-rich Syrian town of Shaddadi, civilian casualties reported|publisher=ARA News|date=2 August 2016}}
63. ^{{cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2016/08/isis-militants-attack-kurdish-positions-capture-three-villages-northeast-syria/|title=ISIS militants attack Kurdish positions, capture three villages northeast Syria|publisher=ARA News|date=27 August 2016}}
64. ^{{cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2016/09/syrian-democratic-forces-repel-isis-attack-near-hasakah/|title=Syrian Democratic Forces repel ISIS attack near Hasakah|publisher=ARA News|date=12 September 2016}}

External links

  • What would Capturing al-Shaddadi from ISIS require?
  • The YPG’s Next Move: A Two Front War for the Manbij Pocket
{{Military intervention against ISIL}}{{Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}}{{Syrian Civil War}}{{coord|36.0561|N|40.7303|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)}}

7 : Military operations of the Syrian Civil War in 2016|Military operations of the Syrian Civil War involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Military operations of the Syrian Civil War involving the United States|Military operations of the Syrian Civil War involving the Syrian Democratic Forces|Military operations of the Syrian Civil War involving the People's Protection Units|Al-Hasakah District|February 2016 events
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