| 词条 | Aluminium sulfacetate |
| 释义 |
UsesIt is a double salt of aluminium sulfate and aluminium acetate. It can be used as a mordant, which is a substance used to set dyes on fabrics[1] that typically contains a polyvalent metal ion like aluminium or iron,[2] In mixtures with basic aluminium diacetate or aluminium sulfacetate, aluminium triacetate has been used as a mordant with alizarin dye.[1] In 1899, Albert Ganswindt recommended that the use of impure sulfacetates that are empyreumatic liquids "should be abandoned" in favour of pure preparations.[3] Empyreuma is an obsolete chemical and medical term referring to "the smell and taste associated with burning vegetable and animal matter",[4] and likely results in this case from the use of pyroligneous acid (wood acid) or wood acid lime in the preparation of the mordant.[3] PreparationA common approach to preparing aluminium sulfacetate is by reaction of aluminium sulfate with lead(II) acetate. The relative amount of each reagent controls the composition of the resulting mixture.[1] When the stoichiometric ratio of lead acetate to aluminium sulfate exceeds 3:1, the process is theoretically driven to completion and aluminium triacetate is the sole product. With less lead acetate, a mixture of aluminium triacetate and aluminium sulfacetate results that becomes increasingly rich in the latter as the reagent mole ratio approaches 2:1. This approach is used to form various mixtures for mordant applications:[5] {{chem|Al|2|(SO|4|)|3}} + 3 {{chem|Pb(CH|3|CO|2|)|2}} → 2 {{chem|Al(CH|3|CO|2|)|3}} + 3 {{chem|PbSO|4}} Basic aluminium sulfacetates can also be prepared, {{chem|Al|2|SO|4|(CH|3|CO|2|)|4 - n|(OH)|n}}, with hydroxide anions replacing some acetate ions. The extreme cases are aluminium sulfacetate itself (n = 0) and the double salt of aluminium sulfate and aluminium hydroxide (n = 4 case, {{chem|Al|2|SO|4|(OH)|4}}). Aluminium sulfacetate is made from the hydrates of aluminium sulfate and lead acetate:[6] {{chem|Al|2|(SO|4|)|3|•18H|2|O}} + 2 {{chem|Pb(CH|3|CO|2|)|2|•3H|2|O}} → {{chem|Al|2|SO|4|(CH|3|CO|2|)|4}} + 2 {{chem|PbSO|4}} + 24 {{chem|H|2|O}} The n = 1 and n = 2 cases, both of which are basic aluminium sulfacetates, are prepared using sodium bicarbonate along with the regents:[6] 2 {{chem|Al|2|(SO|4|)|3|•18H|2|O}} + 3 {{chem|Pb(CH|3|CO|2|)|2|•3H|2|O}} + 2 {{chem|NaHCO|3}} → {{chem|Al|2|SO|4|(CH|3|CO|2|)|3|OH}} + 3 {{chem|PbSO|4}} + {{chem|Na|2|SO|4}} + 2 {{chem|CO|2}} + 45 {{chem|H|2|O}} {{chem|Al|2|(SO|4|)|3|•18H|2|O}} + {{chem|Pb(CH|3|CO|2|)|2|•3H|2|O}} + 2 {{chem|NaHCO|3}} → {{chem|Al|2|SO|4|(CH|3|CO|2|)|2|(OH)|2}} + {{chem|PbSO|4}} + {{chem|Na|2|SO|4}} + 2 {{chem|CO|2}} + 21 {{chem|H|2|O}} The n = 3 case, also a basic aluminium sulfacetate, is prepared using acetic acid instead of lead acetate, along with sodium bicarbonate:[6] {{chem|Al|2|(SO|4|)|3|•18H|2|O}} + {{chem|CH|3|COOH}} + 4 {{chem|NaHCO|3}} → {{chem|Al|2|SO|4|(CH|3|CO|2|)(OH)|3}} + 2 {{chem|Na|2|SO|4}} + {{chem|CO|2}} + 19 {{chem|H|2|O}} References1. ^{{GoldBookRef|title = Mordant|url = http://goldbook.iupac.org/M04029.html|year = 1993}} {{Aluminium compounds}}{{Acetates}}{{Sulfates}}2. ^{{cite news|url=http://stainsfile.info/StainsFile/theory/mordant.htm |title=Stain Theory – How mordants work |last=Llewellyn |first=Bryan D. |date=May 2005 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814015208/http://stainsfile.info/StainsFile/theory/mordant.htm |archivedate=14 August 2007 }} 3. ^1 {{cite book|last = Ganswindt|first = Albert|title = Handbuch der Färberei und der damit verwandten vorbereitenden und vollendenden Gewerbe|year = 1889|language = German|url = http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/view/ganswindt_faerberei_1889?p=296|page = 270}} 4. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/empyreuma|title = Definition of empyreuma|publisher = Collins Dictionary|year = 2016|accessdate = 23 November 2016}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|url = https://books.google.com.au/books?id=GL98CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT118&dq=aluminium+acetate+mordant&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjv3IbHzb3QAhVFNY8KHYOKAu0Q6AEIJTAA|title = The Chemical Technology of Textile Fibres – Their Origin, Structure, Preparation, Washing, Bleaching, Dyeing, Printing and Dressing|first = Georg|last = von Georgievics|publisher = Read Books|year = 2013|isbn = 9781447486121}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|title = Die Färberei und Bleicherei der Gespinnstfasern|first1 = J. J.|last1 = Hummel|first2 = Edmund|last2 = Knecht|publisher = Springer-Verlag|year = 2013|isbn = 9783642912061|pages = 116-118|url = https://books.google.com.au/books?id=epufBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA117&dq=%22aluminium+sulfacetate%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwil-7C2pL7QAhXHQo8KHeE2APkQ6AEIHDAA|language = German}} 4 : Acetates|Aluminium compounds|Double salts|Sulfates |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。