| 词条 | Amarna letter EA 254 |
| 释义 |
Amarna letter EA 254, titled: "Neither Rebel nor Delinquent (2)"[1] is a moderate length, tall, and mostly flat rectangular clay tablet Amarna letter, (see here [https://cdli.ucla.edu/dl/photo/P271197.jpg]). The letter is from Labaya of city-state Šakmu (Shechem today). It is noteworthy that it is an undamaged letter, in pristine condition, with cuneiform script on almost all surfaces: Obverse, Bottom, Reverse, and Left Side. Letter EA 254 is numbered VAT 335, from the Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin. The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are a mid 14th century BC, about 1360 BC and 30-35 years later, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, in the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh; others were later found, adding to the body of letters. The letterEA 254: "Neither Rebel nor Delinquent (2)"EA 254, letter three of three. (Not a linear, line-by-line translation, and English from French.)[3] Obverse: See here; [https://cdli.ucla.edu/dl/photo/P271197.jpg] Line drawing, [https://cdli.ucla.edu/dl/lineart/P271197_l.jpg] (Lines 1-5)–To the king, my lord and my Sun: Thus Lab'ayu, your servant and the dirt on which you tread. I fall at the feet of the king, my lord and my Sun, 7 times and 7 times. (6-10)–I have obeyed (i.e. heard) the orders that the king wrote to me. Who am I that the king should lose his land on account of me? (10-15)–The fact is that I am a loyal servant of the king! I am not a rebel and I am not delinquent in duty.1 I have not held back my payments of tribute; I have not held back anything requested by my commissioner. (16-29)–He denounces me unjustly,3 but the king, my lord, does not examine my (alleged) act of rebellion. Bottom & Reverse: See here; [https://cdli.ucla.edu/dl/photo/P271197.jpg] Line drawing, [https://cdli.ucla.edu/dl/lineart/P271197_l.jpg] (Lines 20-29)–Moreover, my act of rebellion is this: when I entered Gazru, I kept on saying, "Everything of mine the king takes, but where is what belongs to Milkilu?" I know the actions3 of Milkilu against me! (30-37)–Moreover, the king wrote for my son.4 I did not know that my son was consorting with the 'Apiru. I herewith hand him over to Addaya. (38-46)–Moreover, how, if the king wrote to me, "Put a bronze dagger into your heart and die," how could I not..Left Side (46)..execute the order of the king?5–(complete EA 254, with no lacunae, lines 1-46) The Habiru/'ApiruThe mention of the Habiru shows the conflict of the time, as the takeover of city-states or regions by the Habiru. The map shows various cities and regions, and their respective dealings with the Habiru. (There are only 3 letters from Labaya of Šakmu/Shechem.) The next closest mention of the Habiru is from the Jerusalem letters of Abdi-Heba, directly south at Jerusalem, letters EA 286, 287, 288, 289, and EA 290. Spellings for Habiru in the Amarna letters
See also{{Commons category|Amarna letters}}
Ext links
References1. ^Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 254, "Neither Rebel nor Delinquent (2)", pp. 307-308. 2. ^Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, nukurtu, p. 135. 3. ^Moran 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 254, "Neither Rebel nor Delinquent (2)", pp. 307-308. 4. ^Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 147, A Hymn to the Pharaoh, pp. 233-235. 5. ^Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Sign List, pp. 155-165, no. 068, p. 156. 6. ^Rainey, 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379, Glossary:Vocabulary, pp. 55-87, p. 24. 7. ^Rainey, 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379, EA 365, Biridiya of Megiddo to the King, pp. 24-27. 8. ^Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, aššum, p. 122. 9. ^Rainey, 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379, Glossary:Vocabulary, saparu, pp. 55-87, p. 81. 10. ^Buccellati, Giorgio, (Ugarit-Forschungen 11, 1979). Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian, pp. 95-100, Graph, p. 96. 11. ^Held, Schmalstieg, Gertz, 1987. Beginning Hittite, Sign List, page 194, page 200.
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