| 词条 | Volksmarine |
| 释义 |
| unit_name = People's Navy Volksmarine | image = Insignia of the Volksmarine.svg | image_size = 180px | caption = Insignia of the Volksmarine. | dates = 1 March 1956 – 2 October 1990 | country = {{flagicon image|Flag of the German Democratic Republic.svg}} East Germany | branch = Ministry of National Defence | type = Navy | role = Coastal defence | size = 27,300 | command_structure = Nationale Volksarmee | garrison = Rostock | garrison_label = Headquarters | battles = Cold War | anniversaries = | decorations = See article | disbanded = | identification_symbol = | identification_symbol_label = Naval ensign (1960–1990) | identification_symbol_2 = | identification_symbol_2_label = Naval jack (1960–1990)[1] | commander1 = {{List collapsed|title=See list|1=Felix Scheffler, (1956) Waldemar Verner, (1957–1959) Wilhelm Ehm, (1959–1961) Heinz Neukirchen, (1961–1963) Wilhelm Ehm, (1963–1987) Theodor Hoffmann, (1987–1989) Hendrik Born (1989–1990)}} | commander1_label = Commanders }} The Volksmarine (VM, {{IPA-de|ˈfɔlksmaˌʁiːne}}; {{lang-en|People's Navy}}) was the naval force of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) from 1956 to 1990. The Volksmarine was one of the service branches of the National People's Army, and primarily performed a coastal defence role along the GDR's Baltic Sea coastline and territorial waters. HistorySoon after the end of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War, the Soviet Union initiated the rearming of the German Democratic Republic (GDR), which had been founded in October 1949 as a satellite state from the Soviet Zone of Occupation. Beginning in 1950, Soviet Navy officers helped to establish the Hauptverwaltung Seepolizei (Main Administration Sea Police), which was renamed Volkspolizei–See (VP–See) (People's Police – Sea) on 1 July 1952. At the same time parts of the erstwhile maritime police were reorganized into the new Grenzpolizei–See (Border Police –– Sea), to guard the sea frontiers, and incorporated into the Deutsche Grenzpolizei (German Border Police) that had been set up in 1946. By 1952 the VP–See is estimated to have numbered some 8,000 personnel. On 1 March 1956, the GDR formally created its armed forces, the National People's Army (Nationale Volksarmee, NVA), and the VP–See became the Verwaltung Seestreitkräfte der NVA (Maritime Forces Administration of the NVA) with about 10,000 men. In November 1960, these maritime forces of the National People's Army were officially designated Volksmarine (People's Navy). Over the next years the navy gradually received a number of new ships, mostly built in the GDR. Only the coastal protection ships and some of the fast torpedo boats were provided by the Soviet Union, as were all helicopters, and some auxiliary craft were purchased from Poland. Following the building of the Berlin Wall on 13 August 1961, the Grenzbrigade Küste der Grenzpolizei (GBK) (Coastal Border Brigade of the Border Police) was incorporated into the Volksmarine. With the reorganization of 1965 all attack forces, i.e., the fast torpedo boats, were combined into a single flotilla (the 6th Flotilla) and stationed on the Bug peninsula of the island of Rügen. In the 1970s, the Volksmarine had grown to about 18,000 men. In the 1980s some of the ships were replaced and the Volksmarine acquired Soviet-built fighter-bombers. In 1988, the Volksmarine had brief hostile confrontations with the Polish Navy over a maritime border dispute; in subsequent negotiations about two thirds of the disputed maritime area were allocated to the GDR. The Volksmarine was dissolved, like all other branches of the former National People's Army, on 2 October 1990 – the day before the official reunification of Germany. Some of its staff was absorbed into the Bundesmarine (which was henceforth called Deutsche Marine), some by the German Border Police. Most of the ships and other equipment were scrapped or sold, and few if any former Volksmarine vessels remain in service with the modern-day German Navy. The last commander of the People's Navy, Vizeadmiral Hendrik Born, wrote a multi-paragraph commentary for Dieter Flohr and Peter Seemann's 2009 book, Die Volksmarine, a comprehensive and picture-oriented history of the Volksmarine. Operative tasksThe Volksmarine was operationally incorporated into the United Baltic Sea Fleets of the Warsaw Pact states. Its designated area of operations was the Baltic Sea and the entrances to the Baltic Sea. Its task was to keep the sea lanes open for Soviet reinforcements and to participate in offensive actions against the coasts of hostile nations in the Baltic Sea. For these purposes, it was equipped with light forces such as anti-submarine ships, fast torpedo boats, minesweepers as well as landing craft. Routine duty was heavily focused on extensive reconnaissance activities, carried out mainly by the minesweepers and specialized electronic surveillance boats. The 6th Border Brigade (Coast) had a special responsibility for the prevention of "Republikflucht" (people leaving the GDR without official permission). With effect from 1 November 1961, it was subordinated to the Volksmarine. It had a substantial number of small patrol boats and surveillance posts along the coast. Commanders
OrganizationThe People's Navy was headed by the Kommando der Volksmarine (People's Navy HQ Command) in Rostock-Gehlsdorf. It was structured as follows (in 1985):
In addition there were:
MaterialThe People's Navy was equipped with:
MusicThe People's Navy's band played a number of specially-composed musical pieces. Most notable is "Präsentiermarsch der Volksmarine", which was composed by Ludwig Schmidt for use at ceremonial events. "Unsere Volksmarine" was also written for use at parades. The instrumental pieces written for the People's Navy fell out of use after the reunification of Germany, and are not used by the modern German Navy. Volksmarine admiralsThere were 37 Admirals in the history of the Volksmarine and its predecessor organizations. They were: Flottenadmiral
===Admiral===
Vizeadmiral===Konteradmiral===
See also
Notes1. ^Arrangement concerning the carrying of flags, pennants and standards on ships and boats of the People's Navy - Flag array 'of 12 July 1979 , § 2 (3). 2. ^{{cite web|title=Die Nationale Volksarmee und die Grenztruppen der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik Ende 1988|url=http://www.relikte.com/_basis/docs/nva-4.pdf|website=relkite.com|publisher=Alterfritz|accessdate=5 February 2017}} References
External links
5 : Naval history of Germany|Volksmarine|Disbanded navies|Military units and formations established in 1956|1990 disestablishments in Germany |
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