| 释义 |
- History
- Description
- Contents Courtly narratives Heroic epics Shorter narratives Fragmentary texts
- Language
- Editions
- Notes
- References
- External links
{{Infobox manuscript
| name = Ambraser Heldenbuch
| location = Austrian National Library, Cod. ser. nova 2663
| image = Ambraserheldenbuch.jpg
| width =
| caption = Ambraser Heldenbuch, fol. 149r
| Also known as =
| Type =
| Date = 1517
| Place of origin =
| Language(s) = Early New High German (South Bavarian)
| Scribe(s) = Hans Ried
| Author(s) = Various
| Compiled by =
| Illuminated by = Ulrich Funk or Veit Fiedler
| Patron = Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
| Dedicated to =
| Material = Parchment
| Size = V + 238 folios
| Format = 460 x 360 mm, 3 columns
| Condition =
| Script = Chancery script
| Contents = 25 works of narrative verse
| Illumination(s) = Marginal decoration
| Additions =
| Exemplar(s) =
| Previously kept = Ambras Castle; Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
| Discovered =
| Accession =
| Other =
| below =
}}The Ambraser Heldenbuch ("The Ambras Castle Book of Heroes") is a 16th century manuscript written in Early New High German now held in the Austrian National Library (signature Cod. ser. nova 2663). It contains a collection of 25 Middle High German courtly and heroic narratives along with some shorter works, all dating from the 12th and 13th centuries.{{sfn|Janota|1989|p=323}} For many of the texts it is the sole surviving source, which makes the manuscript highly significant for the history of German literature.{{sfn|Menhardt|1961|p=1477}} The manuscript also attests to an enduring taste for the poetry of the MHG classical period among the upper classes.{{sfn|Gärtner|2004|p=3033}} HistoryThe manuscript was commissioned by the Emperor Maximilian I and written by Hans Ried in Bolzano over a period of years from 1504 to 1516.{{sfn|Janota|1989|p=323}} It was originally kept in the Chamber of Art and Curiosities at Ambras Castle, near Innsbruck,{{sfn|Schloss Ambras Innsbruck}}, but in 1806, because of the uncertainty of the Napoleonic Wars, the Austrian Emperor Francis I had it moved to the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. After the First World War it was transferred to the Vienna Hof-Bibliothek ("Court Library"), which in 1920 became the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek ("Austrian National Library").{{sfn|Menhardt|1961|p=1477}}{{sfn|Österreichische Nationalbibliothek}} DescriptionThe texts are written on 238 folios of parchment — 476 pages, each 460 x 360 mm in size,{{sfn|Handschriftencensus|}} each folio numbered with Roman numerals in the top right-hand corner of the recto page. Before the texts are four folios containing a list of contents and a separate sheet with a full-page illustration on the verso page showing two armed men beneath the arms of Tirol. These five additional sheets were added after the texts were completed and have been numbered I*–V*.{{sfn|Menhardt|1961|p=1477}} The table of contents provides cross-references to the folio numbers in the main body of the manuscript. The works (all are verse) are set out as prose in a three-column layout, with a punctus (•) to mark the end of a line of verse, or, in many cases, a colon marking the end of a rhyming couplet. Decorated initial letters mark the start of a work or chapter of a work.{{sfn|Menhardt|1961|p=1477}} Lombardic capitals, alternating red and blue, indicate the start of a new strophe or section.{{sfn|Hammer|Millet|Reuvekamp-Felber|2017|pages=xxvi}} Many pages have illustrations on the outer and bottom margins. The right-hand margin of folio 215r shows a naked woman playing a fiddle beside a shield with the date 1517 and the initials VF, which are assumed to be those of the artist, variously identified as Ulrich Funk or Valentin/Veit Fiedler.{{sfn|Janota|1989|p=324}} ContentsThe works in the manuscript are grouped by genre: courtly narratives (including all of Hartmann von Aue's secular narratives), heroic epics (including the Dietrich and Nibelungen legends), and shorter narratives of a mainly didactic nature. The two final works, fragments of Wolfram von Eschenbach's Titurel and a German translation of the Latin Epistola presbiteri Johannis fall outside this scheme.{{sfn|Janota|1989|p=325}} The list of works below follows the order in the manuscript, giving the modern titles.{{sfn|Handschriftencensus}} (The headings in the manuscript are descriptions of the work and do not match modern titles or indicate authorship.){{sfn|Menhardt|1961|ps=, gives all the headings.}} Courtly narratives - Der Stricker, Frauenehre (manuscript d)
- Moritz von Craon (sole surviving manuscript)
- Hartmann von Aue
- Iwein (manuscript d)
- Das Büchlein / Die Klage (sole surviving manuscript)
- Das zweite Büchlein (sole surviving manuscript)
- (Der Mantel)[1]
- Erec (only more or less complete manuscript)
Heroic epics - Dietrichs Flucht (manuscript d)
- Die Rabenschlacht (manuscript d)
- Nibelungenlied (manuscript d)
- The Nibelungenklage (incomplete, manuscript d)
- Kudrun (sole surviving manuscript)
- Biterolf und Dietleib (sole surviving manuscript)
- Ortnit (manuscript A)
- Wolfdietrich A (sole surviving manuscript)
Shorter narratives- Die böse Frau (sole surviving manuscript)
- Herrand von Wildonie
- Die getreue Ehefrau (sole surviving manuscript)
- Der verkehrte Wirt (sole surviving manuscript)
- Der nackte Kaiser (sole surviving manuscript)
- Die Katze (sole surviving manuscript)
- Ulrich von Liechtenstein, Frauenbuch (sole surviving manuscript)
- Wernher der Gartenaere, Meier Helmbrecht (manuscript A)
- Der Stricker, Pfaffe Amis (manuscript W)
Fragmentary texts- Wolfram von Eschenbach, Titurel (fragment, manuscript H)
- Der Priester Johann (fragment, sole surviving manuscript)
LanguageThe language of the manuscript is Early New High German with some Bavarian features.{{sfn|Hammer|Millet|Reuvekamp-Felber|2017|p=xxix}} Thornton characterises Ried's language as "Tirolean written dialect of the age of Luther".{{sfn|Thornton|1962|ps=. "Tiroler Schriftdialekt der Lutherzeit"}} It is consistent with the language of the Habsburg Imperial Chancery, though there are some idiosyncratic spellings.{{sfn|Tennant|1985|p=170}} In spite of the fact that Reid's texts must have come from a variety of sources, his orthography is relatively consistent between the individual works: variations between texts are minor, more likely reflecting gradual changes in his own orthography as the project progressed. This indicates that he must have made a conscious attempt to harmonise the spellings he found in his sources.{{sfn|Tennant|1985|p=173}} EditionsThere is no complete edition of the Ambraser Heldenbuch, though the University of Innsbruck has an ongoing transcription project.{{sfn|Universität Innsbruck}} In many editions of the individual texts the language of the 16th century manuscript has been adapted into the idealised classical Middle High German of the 13th century, as established by 19th century editors.{{sfn|Hammer|Millet|Reuvekamp-Felber|2017|pages=x–xii}} Among the diplomatic editions of the texts are: - {{cite book|ref=harv|editor1-last=Pretzel|editor1-first=Ulrich|title=Moriz von Craûn|date=1973|publisher=Niemeyer|location=Tübingen|isbn=348420069-3|edition=4th|series=Altdeutsche Textbibliothek, 45}} (parallel text with manuscript and normalised versions on facing pages)
- Hartmann von Aue
- {{cite web|ref=harv |editor-last=Edrich|editor-first=Brigitte|title=Hartmann von Aue: Erec, Handschrift A |year=2014|website=Hartmann von Aue Portal |url=http://hvauep.uni-trier.de/resources/erec/transcriptions/erec_a.pdf|access-date=17 February 2018}}
- {{cite web|ref=harv |title=Transcription of the 'Klage' Österreichische Nationalbibliothek: Vienna, Austria. Manuscript A (Cod. vindob. ser. nova 2663, Bl. 22rc - 26va) |website=Hartmann von Aue Portal |url=http://www.hva.uni-trier.de/kb_klage.php?q=transcriptions|access-date=24 February 2018}}
- {{cite book|editor1-last=Zutt|editor1-first=Herta|title=Die Klage. Das (zweite) Büchlein aus dem Ambraser Heldenbuch|date=1968|publisher=de Gruyter|location=Berlin|ref=harv}}
- {{cite thesis |last=Pritz |first=Roswitha |date=2009 |title=Das Nibelungenlied nach der Handschrift d des "Ambraser Heldenbuch" (Codex Vindobonensis Ser. nova 2663, Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek); Transkription und Untersuchungen. |type=PhD |chapter= |publisher=University of Vienna |docket= |oclc= |url=http://othes.univie.ac.at/7527/ |access-date=24 February 2018|ref=harv}}
- {{cite book|editor1-last=Bäuml|editor1-first=Franz H.|title=Kudrun. Die Handschrift|date=1969|publisher=de Gruyter|location=Berlin|ref=harv |}}
- {{cite book|last1=Ulrich von Lichtenstein|editor1-last=Spechtler|editor1-first=Franz Viktor|title=Frauenbuch|date=1993|publisher=Kümmerle|location=Göppingen|edition=2nd| series=Göppinger Arbeiten zur Germanistik, 520| isbn=3874527603 |ref=harv}}
- {{cite book|editor1-last=Schnyder|editor1-first=André|title=Biterolf und Dietleib|date=1980|publisher=Haupt|location=Bern, Stuttgart|series=Sprache und Dichtung. Forschungen zur deutschen Sprache, Literatur und Volkskunde. 31|ref=harv}}
Notes1. ^Traditionally regarded as an independent work, possibly by Heinrich von dem Türlin, recent scholarship sees it as a prologue to Hartmann's Erec. The manuscript treats them as a single text under a single heading. (Reuvekamp-Felber (2016))
References- {{cite encyclopedia |ref=harv |last=Gärtner|first=Kurt|veditors=Besch W, Betten A, Reichmann O, Sonderegger S |encyclopedia=Sprachgeschichte |title=Grundlinien einer literarischen Sprachgeschichte des deutschen Mittelalters |year=2004|edition=2nd |publisher=Walter De Gruyter| location=Berlin, New York |volume=2.4 |pages=3018–3041|isbn=3-11-018041-3 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=z-m7gVPUbqkC&pg=PA3018}}
- {{cite web |ref=harv|url=http://www.handschriftencensus.de/3766 |title=Wien, Österr. Nationalbibl., Cod. Ser. nova 2663 |author=Handschriftencensus|website=Handschriftencensus |access-date=21 February 2018}}
- {{cite book|editor1-last=Hammer|editor1-first=Andreas|editor2-last=Millet|editor2-first=Victor|editor3-last=Reuvekamp-Felber|editor3-first=Timo|title=Hartmann von Aue: Ereck. Textgeschichtliche Ausgabe mit Abdruck sämtlicher Fragmente und der Bruchstücke des mitteldeutschen ’Erek‘|date=2017|publisher=de Gruyter|location=Berlin, Boston|isbn=978-3-05-009551-6|ref=harv}}
- {{cite encyclopedia |ref=harv| last=Janota| first=Johannes| veditors=Ruh K, Keil G, Schröder W | encyclopedia=Die deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters. Verfasserlexikon | title=Ambraser Heldenbuch| year=1989 | publisher=Walter De Gruyter| location=Berlin, New York | volume=1|pages=323–327|isbn=3-11-008778-2}} With bibliography.
- {{cite book|last1=Menhardt|first1=Hermann|title=Verzeichnis der altdeutschen literarischen Handschriften der österreichischen Nationalbibliothek|volume=3|pages=1469–1478|series= Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin - Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für deutsche Sprache und Literatur; 13|date=1961|publisher=Akademie Verlag|location=Berlin|url=http://bilder.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/hs//katalogseiten/HSK0750c_b1469_jpg.htm|accessdate=22 February 2018|ref=harv}}
- {{cite web|author=Österreichische Nationalbibliothek|title=1920: Die Hofbibliothek wird Nationalbibliothek|url=https://www.onb.ac.at/ueber-uns/650-jahre/timeline/1920-die-hofbibliothek-wird-nationalbibliothek/|accessdate=22 February 2018|ref=harv}}
- {{cite book|ref=refReuvekamp-Felber|last1=Reuvekamp-Felber|first1=Timo|editor1-last=Auge|editor1-first=Oliver|editor2-last=Witthöft|editor2-first=Christiane|title=Ambiguität im Mittelalter. Formen zeitgenössischer Reflexion und interdisziplinärer Rezeption|date=2016|publisher=De Gruyter|location=Berlin, Boston|isbn=978-3-11-044224-3|pages=219–237|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NqDUCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT88&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q=timo&f=false|accessdate=26 February 2018|chapter=Polyvalenzen und Kulturkritik. Zur notwendigen Neuausgabe des ’Erec‘ Hartmanns von Aue}}
- {{cite web |author=Schloss Ambras Innsbruck |title=The History of Ambras Castle |url=http://www.schlossambras-innsbruck.at/en/explore/at-ambras-castle/the-history-of-ambras-castle/ |publisher=Schloss Ambras Innsbruck |access-date=22 February 2018 |ref=harv}}
- {{cite book|last1=Tennant|first1=Elaine C|title=The Habsburg Chancery Language in Perspective|date=1985|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley, Los Angeles, London|isbn=0-520-09694-0|pages=165-173|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JdIDcGyUcN4C_2|access-date=1 March 2018|ref=harv}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Thornton|first1=Thomas P.|title=Die Schreibgewohnheiten Hans Rieds im Ambraser Heldenbuch|journal=Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie|date=1962|volume=81|pages=52-82|ref=harv}}
- {{cite web|last1=Universität Innsbruck|title=Ambraser Heldenbuch: Transkription und wissenschaftliches Datenset|url=https://www.uibk.ac.at/projects/ahb/|access-date=24 February 2018|ref=harv}}
External links- Digital facsimile at the Austrian National Library
- [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=JdIDcGyUcN4C&pg=PA165#v=onepage&q&f=false Hans Ried] (Elaine C. Tenant, The Habsburg Chancery Language in Perspective)
{{The Dietrich von Bern Cycle}} 5 : 16th-century books|Middle High German literature|Dietrich von Bern cycle|Middle High German manuscripts|16th-century illuminated manuscripts |