| 词条 | Amelia Wheaton | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Amelia Wheaton was a stern-wheel driven steamboat that operated on Lake Coeur d'Alene and the St. Joe river from 1880 to 1892. This was the first steam-powered vessel to operate on the lake and the adjacent river.[1][2] This boat was sometimes referred to as simply the Wheaton. ConstructionAmelia Wheaton was built for the U.S. Army by C.P. Sorenson.[3][4] Construction began in 1878, and after many difficulties in obtaining materials and components, was finally completed in late 1880.[5] The steamer was named after a daughter of the post commander.[5]DimensionsDimensions of the Wheaton vary. According to one non-contemporaneous source, Wheaton was 86 feet long (exclusive of fantail), 14 feet beam.[3] Another source gives a length of 100 feet long and 16 feet beam, which would likely have included the fantail and the guards.[6] An 1888 source is perhaps most reliable, as it is a listing of the steamer for sale by the government. According to this source, the Wheaton was 76 feet long, with a beam of 17 feet, and depth of hold of 4 feet.[7] In 1888, the lower cabin measured 8x14x57 feet.[7] The upper cabin measured 7.5x14x30 feet.[7] EngineeringThe twin steam engines each had an 8-inch bore and a 24-inch stroke.[3] The engines generated about 40 horsepower in 1888.[7] The steamer's speed was said to be between 8 and 10 miles per hour.[8] OperationsAmelia Wheaton was formally purchased by the government on August 24, 1880 for a price of $8,000.[9] The Wheaton was however little used for the rest of the fiscal year, with operating expenses totally only $165.[9] As of July 1881, Wheaton made only monthly trips to the Old Mission, on the St. Joe River.[10] Wheaton was expected to increase the frequency of the trips to the mission to tri-weekly once hay making season began in 1881.[10]The first pilot of the Wheaton was Private William J. Applebee, who had had 14 years experience in the navy.[2] Sorenson himself was made the first captain of the steamer.[2] Wheaton was used mostly for transport feed for the cavalry mules at Fort Sherman, hay from the old mission at St. Maries and grain from Farmington.[2] The steamer was also expected to move troops in the case of conflict with the Coeur d'Alene people.[2] Captain Sorensen, operating the Wheaton, named most of the bays and features of Lake Coeur d’Alene.[2] Gold strike at Prichard CreekIn August 1883, news was announced in Spokane, Washington of a gold strike in the area of Prichard Creek, a tributary of the Coeur d'Alene River, which in turn flowed into Lake Coeur d'Alene.[2] A gold rush then occurred, which quickly resulted in 10,000 people coming into the Prichard Creek area.[2] Although the Wheaton was still in government ownership at the time, the government permitted it to be used by the miners to transport themselves and their equipment from Coeur d’Alene City to the head of navigation on the Coeur d’Alene river.[2] In low water, this was the Old Mission, and in high water this was Kingston, Idaho.[2] From the head of navigation, the miners went overland on the Jackass Trail to the gold fields.[2] Transport costs were extreme: about $600 a ton to move freight from Coeur d’Alene city to Eagle City, a boomtown in the Prichard Creek valley.[2] Sale to private interestsThe Wheaton was sold to private parties in 1888.[6] The sale was advertised as far away as Astoria, Oregon, to take place on May 19, 1888, at 11:00 a.m., at Fort Sherman.[7] Ownership changesThe St. Joe Transportation Company was incorporated on January 27, 1891 to run a steamboat business on Lake Coeur d’Alene.[11] There were five directors, all of Coeur d’Alene City: Frank W. Bradley, E.B. Shnik, Arthur Powell, C.A. Waters, and George B. Wannacott.[11] The company was already running boats on the lake prior to its incorporation.[11] In the summer of 1892, the People's Transportation Company was organized by a number of citizens of Coeur d’Alene city, and the new company absorbed the St. Joe Transportation Company.[12] Later operationsIn late March, 1892, Wheaton made its first trip of the season up the St. Joe River, under Captain Ed Shuck, with A.H. Butler as engineer and Frank Bradley serving as purser.[13] The boat was reported to have been “overhauled and fitted up in good shape for the season’s work.”[13] By the end of the following May, however, the owners of the “fast and commodious steamer … Amelia Wheaton” were reported to be giving the vessel a “thorough overhauling.”[14] When the repairs were complete, the steamer was to be placed on its old route between Coeur d’Alene City and the head of navigation on the St. Joe river.[14] In late June 1892, the People's Transportation Company, of Coeur d’Alene city, was advertising Sunday excursions on Amelia Wheaton from the wharf of the St. Joe Transportation Company, departing the dock at 10:00 a.m. for Beauty Bay, returning at 12:30 p.m.[15] In the afternoon, the Wheaton would depart at 2:00 p.m. for Echo and Mica Bays, returning to Coeur d’Alene city at 5:30 p.m.[15] Fare for each round trip was to be 50 cents.[15] Wheaton was carrying freight on the lake bound for Harrison, Idaho in November 1892, when a high wind made the lake so rough that a landing could not be made, and the steamer had to proceed on its course to the St. Joe river.[16]On December 3, 1892, Amelia Wheaton was reported to have ceased its regular trips to Harrison, and to have been replaced by one of the smaller boats of People's Transportation Co.[17] DispositionOn April 1, 1893, it was reported that the machinery had been removed from the Amelia Wheaton and would probably be placed in a new hull.[18] The engines were removed and installed in a new sternwheeler, the St. Joe. The hull was converted to a barge.[2][19] See also
Notes1. ^{{Cite book| editor1-last = Newell| editor1-first = Gordon R.| title = H.W. McCurdy Marine History of the Pacific Northwest| publisher = Superior Pub. Co| date = 1966| location = Seattle, WA| pages = 81| oclc =| lccn =66025424 }} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite book| last = Holt| first = Ruby El| author-link = | title = Steamboats in the Timber| publisher = Caxton Printers, Ltd.| place = Caldwell, ID| year = 1953| edition = 1st| asin = | isbn = | pages = 9, 22–23, 25–30, 42, 51, 52, 56, and 72| nopp = yes}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book| author1-last = Affleck| author1-first = Edward L.| title = A Century of Paddlewheelers in the Pacific Northwest, the Yukon, and Alaska| chapter = Part One: Chapter Two: Columbia River Waterways — List of Vessels| lccn = | isbn =0-920034-08-X| location = Vancouver, BC| publisher = Alexander Nicholls Press| date = 2000| at = p.7| nopp = yes}} 4. ^{{Citation| title = Evolution of Lake Shipping| url = http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88056095/1903-08-29/ed-1/seq-1/| newspaper = The Coeur d’Alene Press| publication-place = Coeur d’Alene, ID| volume = 12| issue = 30| publication-date = August 29, 1903| page = 1, col.2| editor =| publisher = Press Publishing Co.| nopp = yes}} 5. ^1 {{cite book| last = Holt| first = Ruby El| author-link = | title = Steamboats in the Timber| chapter = Gold and Silver| publisher = Caxton Printers, Ltd| place = Caldwell, ID| year = 1951| edition = 1st| asin = | isbn = | lccn = 52-5206| at = pp.11-44| nopp = yes}} 6. ^1 {{Citation| title = A Rocky Mountain Steamboat Line| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Fko1AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA7-PA35#v=onepage&q&f=false| newspaper = The Marine Review| publication-place = Cleveland, OH| volume = 38| issue = 13| publication-date = September 24, 1908| page = 35| editor =| publisher = Penton Publishing Co.| nopp = yes}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 {{Citation| title = Steam Launch for Sale| url = http://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn96061150/1888-03-20/ed-1/seq-2/| newspaper = The Daily Morning Astorian| publication-place = Astoria, OR| volume = 30| issue = 68| publication-date = March 20, 1888| page = 2, col.3| editor =| publisher = J.F. Halloran & Co.| nopp = yes}} 8. ^{{Citation| title = Editorial Correspondence| type = Dateline: Fort Coeur d’Alene, June 7, 1881| url = http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82007023/1881-06-16/ed-1/seq-2/| newspaper = Lewiston Teller| publication-place = Lewiston, ID| volume = 5| issue = 36| publication-date = June 16, 1881| page = 2, col.1| editor =| publisher = A. Leland & Son| nopp = yes}} 9. ^1 {{cite book| editor1-last = Executive Documents| editor1-first = | title = Executive Documents of the House of Representatives, for the Second Session of the Forty-Ninth Congress| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=rqwZAAAAYAAJ| chapter = Report of the Secretary of War: Quartermaster General| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=rqwZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA457&lpg=PA457#v=onepage&q&f=false| lccn = | location = Washington, DC| publisher = Government Printing Office| publication-date = 1887| page = 457| nopp = yes}} 10. ^1 {{Citation| title = From the Mission| type = Dateline: Mission, I.T., June 20, 1881| url = http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82007023/1881-07-07/ed-1/seq-1/| newspaper = Lewiston Teller| publication-place = Lewiston, ID| volume = 5| issue = 39| publication-date = July 7, 1881| page = 1, col.| editor =| publisher = A. Leland & Son| nopp = yes}} 11. ^1 2 {{Citation| title = The St. Joe Transportation company filed on Jan. 27 …| type = Source: Coeur d’Alene Times| url = http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82007023/1891-02-12/ed-1/seq-8/| newspaper = Lewiston Teller| publication-place = Lewiston, ID| volume = 15| issue = 20| publication-date = February 12, 1891| page = 8, col.1| editor =| publisher = J.T. Scott| nopp = yes}} 12. ^{{Citation| title = The People’s Transportation Co.| url = http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88056095/1892-08-13/ed-1/seq-1/| newspaper = Coeur d’Alene Press| publication-place = Coeur d’Alene, ID| volume = 1| issue = 26| publication-date = August 13, 1892| page = 1, col5| editor =| publisher = J.T. Scott| nopp = yes}} 13. ^1 {{Citation| title = The Amelia Wheaton made her first trip up the St. Joe …| url = http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88056095/1892-03-26/ed-1/seq-1/| newspaper = The Coeur d’Alene Press| publication-place = Coeur d’Alene Idaho| volume = 1| issue = 6| publication-date = March 26, 1892| page = 1, col.| editor =| publisher = J.T. Scott| nopp = yes}} 14. ^1 {{Citation| title = The St. Joe Transportation Co. are giving their fast and commodious steamer …| url = http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88056095/1892-05-28/ed-1/seq-1/| newspaper = Coeur d’Alene Press| publication-place = Coeur d’Alene, ID| volume = 1| issue = 15| publication-date = May 28, 1892| page = 1, col.4| editor =| publisher = J.T. Scott| nopp = yes}} 15. ^1 2 {{Citation| title = Sunday Pleasure Trips| url = http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88056095/1892-06-25/ed-1/seq-1/| newspaper = Coeur d’Alene Press| publication-place = Coeur d’Alene, ID| volume = 1| issue = 10| publication-date = June 25, 1892| page = 1, col.6| editor =| publisher = J.T. Scott| nopp = yes}} 16. ^{{Citation| title = Harrison News Notes … The high wind of Monday rendered the task so difficult …| url = http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88056095/1892-11-19/ed-1/seq-1/| newspaper = Coeur d’Alene Press| publication-place = Coeur d’Alene, ID| volume = 1| issue = 40| publication-date = November 19, 1892| page = 1, col.7| editor =| publisher = J.T. Scott| nopp = yes}} 17. ^{{Citation| title = Harrison News Notes| url = http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88056095/1892-12-03/ed-1/seq-1/| newspaper = Coeur d’Alene Press| publication-place = Coeur d’Alene, ID| volume = 1| issue = 42| publication-date = December 3, 1892| page = 1, col.7| editor =| publisher = J.T. Scott| nopp = yes}} 18. ^{{Citation| title = The machinery has been removed from the Amelia Wheaton …| url = http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88056095/1893-04-01/ed-1/seq-1/| newspaper = Coeur d’Alene Press| publication-place = Coeur d’Alene, ID| volume = 2| issue = 7| publication-date = April 1, 1893| page = 1, col.4| editor =| publisher = J.T. Scott| nopp = yes}} 19. ^{{Citation| title = A New Lake Steamer — The People’s Transportation Co. Will Build a New Boat| url = http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88056095/1893-04-08/ed-1/seq-1/| newspaper = Coeur d’Alene Press| publication-place = Coeur d’Alene, ID| volume = 2| issue = 8http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88056095/1893-04-08/ed-1/seq-1/| publication-date = April 8, 1893| page = 1, col.6| editor =| publisher = J.T. Scott| nopp = yes}} ReferencesPrinted sources
| author1-last = Affleck | author1-first = Edward L. | title = A Century of Paddlewheelers in the Pacific Northwest, the Yukon, and Alaska | chapter = | lccn = | isbn =0-920034-08-X | location = Vancouver, BC | publisher = Alexander Nicholls Press | date = 2000 | at = | nopp = yes}}
| last = Holt | first = Ruby El | author-link = | title = Steamboats in the Timber | publisher = Caxton Printers, Ltd. | place = Caldwell, ID | year = 1953 | edition = 1st | asin = | isbn = }}
| editor1-last = Newell | editor1-first = Gordon R. | title = H.W. McCurdy Marine History of the Pacific Northwest | publisher = Superior Pub. Co | date = 1966 | location = Seattle, WA | pages = | oclc = | lccn =66025424 }}
| editor1-last = Wright | editor1-first = E.W. | title = Lewis & Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=seRDAAAAYAAJ | chapter = | chapter-url = | lccn = 28001147 | location = Portland, OR | publisher = Lewis and Dryden Printing Co. | publication-date = 1895 | page = | nopp = yes}} On-line newspaper collections
| url = http://oregonnews.uoregon.edu | title = Historic Oregon Newspapers | publisher = University of Oregon | accessdate = }}
| url = http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov | title = Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers | publisher = Library of Congress | accessdate = }} 1 : Steamboats of Idaho |
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