| 词条 | America Against The World |
| 释义 |
| italic title = | name = America Against the World | image = America_Against_the_World.jpg | caption = Book cover | author = Andrew Kohut, Bruce Stokes | country = United States | language = English | genre = Non-fiction books about diplomacy | publisher = Henry Holt and Company | pub_date = 01 May 2007 | pages = 284 | isbn = 9780805083057 }}America Against the World: How We Are Different and Why We Are Disliked is a non-fiction book that was written by Andrew Kohut and Bruce Stokes in 2007 about United States foreign policy and the causes of dislike of Americans in other countries.[1] Kohut is a former president of the American Association for Public Opinion Research and the National Council on Public Polls.[2] The book consists of 91,000 interviews that were conducted in 50 countries and collected by the Pew Foundation and other organizations.[1][2] They find that Americans are unique and the differences of viewpoint between Americans and others on a range of topics, including happiness, religious conviction and individualism, are striking.[3] The authors said they believed anti-Americanism usually concerns US government policies, and the world had always "held Americans in higher esteem than America". But today, non-Americans are "increasingly equating the US people with the US government".[2] They also said they believe Americans have a different reaction to people of other nationalities in the 21st century after liberal and democratic values became important in US politics in the nineteenth century.[3] The most significant differences between Americans and others were the ability to shape their own lives and to solve social problems by using government action. As a result, Americans have less trust in organizations like the United Nations.[3] Kohut and Stokes relied on a contemporary assessment of Alexis de Tocqueville's ambivalent conclusion about American exceptionalism.[1] ContentAmerica Against the World investigates the influence of the presidency of George W. Bush in American society. In the authors' opinion, Bush is not the only person to blame for the world's poor view of the United States.[4] According to the book, anti-Americanism is caused by the US's actions in South and Latin America, America sponsored actions in Guatemala, US participation in events in Iran in 1953 and the revolution of 1979, American support for oppression during the cold war.[4]Andrew Kohut and Bruce Stokes wrote that anti-Americanism had a resurgence during the George W. Bush presidency. They wrote about international anger towards Americans by sourcing interviews conducted in 50 countries collected by the Pew Foundation and other organizations.[4] US action against terrorism makes up a part of anti-American sentiment in other countries.[4] Kohut's Pew Research Center polls show international opinion of the United States dropped under the Bush-junior presidency; this was not from the 2001 September 11 attacks but since he won the presidency.[4] According to the book, anti-Americanism focuses on US government policies. According to the polls, "the American people, as opposed to some of their leaders, seek no converts to their ideology" and 60 percent of Americans consider their culture "superior to others". The Importance of America's relationship with other nations and their reactions to global events mean they are unwilling for multinational efforts and institutions, and compared with other countries' citizens they pay less attention to them.[4] Kohut and Stokes write that Americans are self-involved, that George W. Bush reflected the real America for others, and that changing these conditions needs a change of leaders and peoples' thoughts.[4] "Americans think of themselves as kings and queens of the world's prom", the writers said.[4] According to the book, American security depends on its further moral growth; "American greatness" does not need to have militaristic connotations, instead it needs exceptionalism worth aspiring to.[4] Reception{{Machine translation|lang=word salad|date=March 2019}}Juliana Geran Pilon wrote: "Andrew Kohut, director of the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, and Pew consultant Bruce Stokes, the international economics columnist for the National Journal, shows the results of surveys conducted by the Pew Center over the course of a decade in their book."[5]Geran Pilon believed America against the World book has been Suitably documented. They showed USA isolation depth is growing by using analytics and reporting.[5] Kohut and Stokes mentioned "the United States" refers not only to American policies but to the American people altogether novel phenomenon, Geran Pilon said.[5] Geran Pilon mentioned too, 2001 war with Afghanistan was the beginning incident for the USA to lose his face between other countries people and data shows sharply downward spiral at this time. After that, another incident was 9/11, and the Iraq war influenced the US to lose his face again.[5] In this book, data results and reality are close together and it makes this study particularly valuable. In addition to polling some thirty-eight thousand people from forty-four countries, Pew also conducted surveys in the United States. The results are remarkable, Geran Pilon said.[5] Walter Russell Mead wrote about the book, Kohut and Stokes create enduring problems as long as the most individualistic people are against most American people.[3] Most American tend to be more effective than most people about their ability to shape their own lives and like to using government action to solve social problems on the planet and it makes the USA face ugly in world, Walter believed.[3] Also Walter said, Kohut and Stokes make an understandable data center for their book, and the results of their global surveys make their book interesting.[3]See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web |last1=Pyszczynski |first1=Thomas |title=Andrew Kohut and Bruce Stokes: America Against the World: How We Are Different and Why We Are Disliked |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17419160701869134?journalCode=fdas20 |website=Taylor and Francis Online |publisher=tandfonline.com |accessdate=3 March 2019}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite news |last1=Roberts |first1=Sam |title=Andrew Kohut, Pew Pollster Who Shed Light on Public Opinion, Dies at 73 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/09/us/politics/andrew-kohut-founding-director-of-pew-research-center-dies-at-73.html |accessdate=3 March 2019 |agency=nytimes |publisher=nytimes.com |date=8 September 2015}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |last1=Russell Mead |first1=Walter |title=America Against the World: How We Are Different and Why We Are Disliked |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/2006-05-01/america-against-world-how-we-are-different-and-why-we-are-disliked |website=Foreign affairs |publisher=foreignaffairs.com |accessdate=3 March 2019}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Robert |title=They Hate Us, They Really Hate Us |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/14/books/review/14wright.html?pagewanted=2&module=inline |accessdate=4 March 2019 |agency=The New York Times |publisher=nynews.com |date=14 May 2006}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |last1=Geran Pilon |first1=Juliana |title=America against the World: How We Are Different and Why We Are Disliked, and: Friendly Fire: Losing Friends and Making Enemies in the Anti-American Century (review) |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/210553 |website=project muse |publisher=muse.jhu.edu |accessdate=5 March 2019}} External links
7 : English-language books|Non-fiction books|2007 non-fiction books|Books about war|Non-fiction books about diplomacy|Books about foreign relations of the United States|Books about foreign relations of Armenia |
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