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词条 Volvo S80
释义

  1. {{anchor|first}} First generation (1998–2006)

     Engines  Safety 

  2. {{anchor|second}} Second generation (2006–2016)

     Second generation models  S80  S80L  2010 update  2011  2012  2013 update  2014 update  2015  2015.5  2016  Engines  Safety 

  3. Special versions

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. External links

{{Infobox automobile
| name = Volvo S80
| image = Volvo S80 D5 Momentum (II, Facelift) – Frontansicht, 26. Oktober 2012, Düsseldorf.jpg
| caption = 2012 Volvo S80 (DE)
| manufacturer = Volvo Cars
| production = {{ubl |1998–2016 |P2: 1998–2006 (1st generation) |P3: 2006–2016 (2nd generation)}}
| predecessor = Volvo 960 / Volvo 940 / Volvo S90
| successor = Volvo S90 II[1]
| class = {{ubl |Mid-size luxury / Executive car (E) |Full-size car (S80L)}}
| body_style = 4-door saloon
| layout = {{ubl |Front engine |front-wheel drive or four-wheel drive}}
}}

The Volvo S80 is an executive car produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1998 to 2016 across two generations. It took the place of the rear-wheel-drive S90 as Volvo's flagship sedan.

The first generation (1998–2006) was made available for the 1999 model year. It has since been built at the Torslanda Works in Gothenburg, Sweden, with a few 1999 model year cars for the North American market built at Volvo's Halifax Assembly plant. Unlike most Volvo models, it did not have a station wagon version for its first generation.

The second generation (2006–2016) was released in 2006 as a model year 2007 car. It has an estate version, the third generation of the Volvo V70. In June 2007, the S80 scored the highest "good" rating in the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) crash test performance for frontal, side, and rear impacts,[2] earning it the IIHS Top Safety Pick.

The model was replaced by the second generation S90 in the later half of 2016.

{{anchor|first}} First generation (1998–2006)

{{Infobox automobile
| name = First generation
| image = Volvo S80 2.4T 2002 Blue, front.jpg
| caption = 2002 Volvo S80 (UK)
| production = 1998–2006
| model_years = 1999–2006[3]
| assembly = {{ubl |Sweden: Torslanda (Torslandaverken) |Canada: Halifax (VHA) |Malaysia: Shah Alam (SMA)}}
| platform = Volvo P2 platform[3]
| engine = {{ubl |2.0 L I5 turbo (petrol)|2.4 L I5 (petrol)|2.4 L I5 (CNG/LPG)|2.5 L I5 (petrol)|2.8 L I6 twin-turbo (petrol)|2.9 L I6 (petrol)|2.9 L I6 twin-turbo (petrol)|2.4 L I5 (turbodiesel)|2.5 L I5 (turbodiesel)[4]}}
| transmission = {{ubl
|5-speed Volvo M56 manual
|6-speed Volvo M65 manual
|4-speed GM 4T65 AWD automatic[5]
|5-speed Aisin AW55-50/51SN automatic[5]
| wheelbase = {{convert|2791|mm|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{ubl |1998-2004: {{convert|4822|mm|1|abbr=on}} |2004-2006: {{convert|4849|mm|1|abbr=on}}}}
| width = {{convert|1831|mm|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1435|mm|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|1605|-|1712|kg|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}[6][7][8][9]
| related = {{ubl |Volvo S60 |Volvo V70 II |Volvo XC90}}
| designer = {{ubl |Doug Frasher[10] |Peter Horbury}}
| sp = uk
}}

The design takes styling cues from the Volvo ECC concept. The first-generation S80 is based on the Volvo P2 platform. Over 368,000 first-generation S80s were built.[11] This S80 was equipped with numerous safety systems, including Side Impact Protection System (SIPS) and Whiplash Protection System WHIPS.[12] The S80 featured a straight-six engine in a transverse engine mounting. No existing manual gearbox would fit in the engine bay with the six-cylinder engine, so Volvo had to develop their own, the M65. It featured also an environmental specification, covering aspects such as allergens from textiles, fuel economy and the life cycle of the car from production to dismantling.[13]

The S80 used CAN bus multiplexing wiring.[14]

The S80 was initially available with four different engines. Starting the range was a detuned 2.4-litre {{convert|104|kW|PS bhp|0|lk=on}} five-cylinder. This was also available as a compressed natural gas (CNG) and as a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) version. The fully tuned version produced {{convert|125|kW|PS bhp|0}}. Next up was a 2.9-litre {{convert|144|kW|PS bhp|0}} six-cylinder, then {{convert|200|kW|PS bhp|0}} T6, and finally, the {{convert|103|kW|PS bhp|0}} 2.5-litre Volkswagen-sourced Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) diesel engine. The 2.9 has a straight-six engine, while the T6 was powered by a destroked twin-turbocharged version.[12]

In 2000, there was the addition of the {{convert|149|kW|PS bhp|0}} 2.5T, available with standard all-wheel drive. The 2.5T model featured a light-pressure turbocharger.

Late 2001 introduced the {{convert|120|kW|PS bhp|0}} five-cylinder common rail diesel D5, detuned to {{convert|96|kW|PS bhp|0}} and sold as 2.4D in some markets.[4][15]

In some European countries, the entry level S80 came with a 2.0-litre five-cylinder turbocharged engine producing {{convert|182|PS|kW bhp|0}} and a T5 badged S80 with the same engine but tuned to 226ps or 166kW with the help of the mitsubishi td04-16t high pressure turbo also found in the early S60 T5s. These were sold in countries such as Portugal where larger capacity engines were penalized by heavy taxes.

Minor exterior design changes occurred between 2003 and 2004 versions, notably front grille styling.

Engines

Petrol engines
ModelEngine codeYear(s)PowerTorque at rpmDisplacementEngine configuration
2.4 B5244S[16] 1998–2006 103|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}220|Nm|lb.ft|0|abbr=on}} at 33002435|cc|in3|1|abbr=on|lk=on}} Straight five
2.4i B5244S 1998–2006 125|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}225|Nm|lb.ft|abbr=on}} at 45002435|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Straight five
2.0T B5204T 2000–2006 132|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}240|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 2200–48001984|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Straight five LPT
2.4T B5244T3 2001–2003 147|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}285|Nm|lb.ft|abbr=on}} at 1800–50002435|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Straight five LPT
2.5T B5254T2 2003–2006 155|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}320|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 1500–45002521|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Straight five LPT
2.9 B6294S 1998–2001 150|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}280|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at2922|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Straight six
2.9 B6294S2 2001–2004 144|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}280|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at2922|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Straight six
T6 B6284T 1998–2001 200|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}380|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 2000–54002783|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Straight six twin-turbo
T6 B6294T 2002–2006 203|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}380|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 1800–52002922|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Straight six twin-turbo
Diesel engines
ModelEngine codeYear(s)PowerTorque at rpmDisplacementEngine configuration
2.5 TDI* D5252T (MSA 15.8) 1998–2001 140|PS|kW bhp|0|abbr=on}}280|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at2461|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Straight five turbocharged
2.4D D5244T2 2001–2006 130|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}280|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 1750–30002401|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Straight five turbocharged common rail
D5 D5244T 2001–2006 163|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}340|Nm|lb.ft|0|abbr=on}} at 1750–30002401|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Straight five turbocharged common rail
  • Volvo used a modified version of the 2.5 TDI VAG engine

Safety

EuroNCAP tested the first generation Volvo S80, running from 1998 to 2003.

They tested a left-hand drive, 4-door saloon, registered in 2000, with front seatbelt pretensioners, seatbelt load limiters, as well as front, side, body, and head airbags:

TestScorePoints
Overall:N/AN/A
Adult occupant:4|5}}29
Pedestrian:2|4}}14

Scores given for the car showed pedestrians' legs facing a very aggressive front end, resulting in only 2 stars of 4 for pedestrian safety. Despite this EuroNCAP did state "This large Volvo is very safe and gave a good all round performance" due to the good adult protection inside the car in the event of a collision.[17]

{{clear}}

{{anchor|second}} Second generation (2006–2016)

{{Infobox automobile
| name = Second generation
| image = 07-Volvo-S80-3.2.jpg
| caption = Volvo S80 3.2 pre-facelift (US)
| production = 2006–2016
| model_years = 2007–2016
| assembly = {{ubl |Sweden: Torslanda (Torslandaverken) |China: Chongqing (CFMA)[22] |Malaysia: Shah Alam (SMA)}}
| platform = Volvo P3 platform[18][19]
| engine = {{ubl |1.6 L I4 turbo (petrol)|2.0 L I4 (petrol)|2.0 L I4 (flexifuel)|2.0 L I4 turbo (petrol)|2.5 L I5 turbo (petrol)|3.0 L I6 turbo (petrol)|3.2 L I6 (petrol)|4.4 L V8 (petrol)|1.6 L I4 (turbodiesel)|2.0 L I4 (turbodiesel)|2.0 L I5 (turbodiesel)|2.4 L I5 (turbodiesel)}}
| transmission = {{ubl |6-speed Volvo M66 manual |6-speed Aisin TF-80SC automatic |6-speed PowerShift semi-automatic |8-speed Aisin TG-81SC automatic[20]}}
| wheelbase = {{ubl |{{convert|2835|mm|1|abbr=on}} |{{convert|2975|mm|1|abbr=on}}[21] (S80L)}}
| length = {{ubl |{{convert|4854|mm|1|abbr=on}} |{{convert|4991|mm|1|abbr=on}} (S80L)}}
| width = {{convert|1861|mm|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1490|mm|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|1565|-|1860|kg|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}[22][23][24]
| related = {{ubl |Volvo V70 III |Volvo XC60}}
| designer = Todd Levy (2004)[25][26]
| sp = uk
}}

The second generation S80 was unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show on 28 February, with sales beginning in June 2006. The new S80 features a new 3.2-litre straight-six engine or 4.4-litre V8 engine, in combination with available four-wheel drive. The second-generation S80 is the first Volvo saloon model to become available with Volvo's compact, transversely fitted B8444S V8 with a power output of {{convert|315|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|440|Nm|0|lk=on}} of torque developed jointly by Volvo Cars engine unit Skövde and Yamaha, but built by Yamaha of Japan. The engine features four catalytic converters and advanced electronics. The structure featured high strength boron steel for safety.

The second generation S80 received the IIHS 2007 Top Safety Pick Award in overall safety protection. Also again in November the IIHS awarded the 2008 Volvo S80 with Top Safety Award.

The new S80 is based on the Ford EUCD platform, also used for vehicles including the Ford S-Max, Ford Mondeo (third generation), and Ford Galaxy large MPVs.[27] Volvo's Personal Car Communicator (PCC) remote control will also be an optional feature with the new S80.

The S80 is available with optional Adaptive cruise control (ACC) with Collision Warning with Auto Brake (CWAB). Brake Support offers additional assistance by preparing the braking system so that the car can begin stopping faster and preparing for panic brake application. S80 is also equipped with an adaptive brake light as standard which is active at speeds above {{convert|30|mph|0|abbr=on}}, and can sense the difference between normal and panic braking. Ready Alert Brakes (RAB) are also available to anticipate severe braking. It prepares for this by moving the brake pads closer to the discs.

The S80 is available with a Blind Spot Information System as well as Lane Departure Warning, it can be turned on from {{convert|40|mph|0|abbr=on}}.

The T4 variant features the 1.6L turbocharged EcoBoost engine and is exclusively available in Asia and parts of Europe.

Second generation models

S80

S80L

The S80L is a long-wheelbase variant designed and sold only in China. Wheelbase and overall length have been increased by 14 cm.[28] The 2011 version has a wheelbase of 2976 mm and is powered by a turbo 2.0 or 3.0 engine.[29] The S80L is one of two Volvo models produced under a joint-venture with Changan Ford Mazda Automobile (CFMA).[30][22] CFMA production of the S80L commenced in 2009 and ceased in late 2015 when the joint-venture ended.[31] The S80L has since been succeeded by the S90L.

2010 update

New features include a choice of five-cylinder 2.4-litre D5 twin-turbo diesel, 2.4-litre diesel, or 1.6-litre diesel engine. Also the 2.5T and 2.5FT were modified to produce more power and have a lower fuel consumption. The update also came with the discontinuation of the Yamaha-based V8 engine. An option was added for California on the 3.2L Inline-6 to meet PZEV emissions standards. It had 225 bhp, 10 less than the non-PZEV engine.[32] The car's exterior was modified to give the S80 a lower, longer and wider stance. More chrome trim was added to the front, the rear end, and the doors to look like the S80 Executive. The 2010 Volvo S80 facelift also comes with a choice between a comfort-enhancing standard chassis, or a sport one that offers better handling dynamics. The 2010 S80 will be available with a S80 R-design interior package to give the inside a sportier look. The interior package contains a new sports steering wheel, sports pedals, Dynamic leather seats, sports gearshift knob, and a new instrument with blue background. With the rest of the Volvo range, a factory stereo option, Dynaudio Premium Sound was downgraded to 'Premium Sound'.[33]

The car was unveiled in 2009 at the Geneva Motor Show.[34]

2011

The 2011 Volvo S80 lineup now includes the Inscription Package. Features Include: Sovereign Hide leather seats, high gloss walnut wood inlays, and special trim. The 3.2L was re-tuned, power and engine speed differ.

2012

The 2012 Volvo S80 now features turn signals on the outside mirrors, a new 7-inch Sensus infotainment system in the center of the dash, genuine wood interior trim and Bluetooth audio streaming. Volvo's City Safety technology is also now standard. Premier Plus and Platinum trims are added for the 2012 model year.[35]

2013 update

The 2013 Volvo S80 now features standard headlight washers, rain sensing wipers, and push button start ignition. The Premium Plus edition adds xenon headlamps.

2014 update

The 2nd half of year 2014 introduced a new facelift with new front and rear bumpers, new lower front fascia, new grille style, the 7 inch infotainment system becomes standard, City Safety becomes standard, new optional digital gauge cluster, and additional interior ambient lighting.

2015

The base 2015 Volvo S80 is powered by a new turbocharged 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine with 240 horsepower, which is the same output as the 3.2-liter six-cylinder in the 2014 model. A new eight-speed automatic transmission comes standard, and the base S80 also gets a new auto start/stop feature, which turns the engine off when the car is stopped to conserve fuel. The 2015 S80 achieves an EPA-estimated 25/37 mpg city/highway, which is a notable improvement over the 2014 model's 20/29 mpg rating. T6 AWD models come with a turbocharged 3.0-liter six-cylinder engine that produces 300 horsepower. A six-speed automatic transmission and all-wheel drive are also standard on T6 models. The T6 gets slightly better fuel economy than the 2014 model T6.

An optional climate package includes heated front and rear seats, a heated windshield and a heated steering wheel. The 2015 Volvo S80 went on sale in early 2014 and starts at $40,500 in the US.

2015.5

Introduced in late 2014, midyear changes introduced for the 2015.5 model include new standard Sensus Connect and Volvo On-Call with 6-month complimentary subscriptions, new Sensus Navigation with Map Care, and a new optional Harman/Kardon Premium Sound System. Most notably, the new 2015.5 model has significantly better fuel economy due to the more efficient "Drive-E" engine, new 8-speed “Geartronic” automatic transmission, and new ECO+ functionality with modified Start/Stop technology, ECO-coast and ECO-climate. The 2015.5 Volvo S80 starts at $41,450 in the US.

2016

The Volvo S80 offered an expanded array of standard features for 2016 which includes heated front seats, Interior Air Quality System (IAQS), power glass sunroof, and 18-inch “Magni” alloy wheels. The S80 T5 Drive-E Platinum trim gains Volvo's Blind Spot Information System (BLIS) as standard. New S80 options include a wood steering wheel and 19-inch “Bor” alloy wheels with a lowered Sport Chassis. The T6 six-cylinder engine and all-wheel-drive model have been discontinued for the 2016 model year. The 2016 Volvo S80 T5 FWD Drive-E started at $43,450 in the US. 2016 was the last model year for the S80. The S80's successor, the S90, was unveiled at the Detroit Auto Show in January 2016.[36]

Engines

Petrol engines
ModelEngine codeYear(s)PowerTorque at rpmDisplacementEngine configuration!
2.0 X 2008–2009 107|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}185|Nm|lb.ft|abbr=on|lk=on}} at1999|cc|in3|1|abbr=on|lk=on}} Inline-four
2.0F X 2008–2009 107|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}185|Nm|lb.ft|abbr=on}} at1999|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-four
2.0 B4204S3 2009– 107|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}190|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at1999|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-four
2.0F B4204S4 2009– 107|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}190|Nm|lb.ft|abbr=on}} at1999|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-four
2.5T B5254T6 2006–2009 147|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}} at 4800300|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 1500–45002521|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-five LPT
2.5FT B5254T11 2008–2009 147|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}300|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at2521|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-five LPT
2.5T B5254T10 2009–2011 170|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}} at 4800340|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 1700–48002521|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-five LPT
2.5FT B5254T11 2009–2010 170|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}340|Nm|lb.ft|0|abbr=on}} at2521|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-five LPT
3.2 |3.2 AWD}} B6324S[37] 2006–2010 175|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}} at 6200320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) at 3200 3192|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-six
3.2 B6324S5 2011 179 kW (243PS; 240 bhp) at 6400 320|Nm|lb.ft|0|abbr=on}} at 32003192|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-six
3.2 PZEV B6324S2 2010 168 kW (228PS; 225 bhp) at 6200 300|Nm|lb.ft|0|abbr=on}} at 34003192|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-six
3.2 PZEV B6324S4 2011 171 kW (233PS; 230 bhp) at 6500 300|Nm|lb.ft|0|abbr=on}} at 33003192|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-six
T4 B4164T 2011–2016 134|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}240|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at1596|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-four turbocharged
T5 B4204T7 2013–2016 180|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}350|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at1969|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-four turbocharged
T5 B4204T11 2014–2016 180|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}350|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at{{convert|1969|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-four turbocharged
T6 AWD B6304T2 2008–2010209.5|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}400|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 1500–48002953|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-six turbocharged
T6 AWD B6304T4 2010–2013 224|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}440|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at2953|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-six turbocharged
V8 AWD[38] B8444S 2006–2010 232|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}440|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 39504414|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} V8
Diesel engines
ModelEngine CodeYear(s)PowerTorque at rpmDisplacementEngine configuration!
1.6D DRIVe D4164T 2009– 80|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}240|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 1750[39]1560|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-four turbocharged common rail
2.0D D4204T 2008– 100|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}320|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 2000[39]1997|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-four turbocharged common rail
2.4D D5244T5 2006–2009 120|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}340|Nm|lb.ft|0|abbr=on}} at2400|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-five turbocharged common rail
2.4D D5244T14 2009– 129|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}420|Nm|lb.ft|0|abbr=on}} at 1500–2750[39]2400|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-five turbocharged common rail
D4 D5204T3[40] −2014 120|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}400|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at1984|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-five turbocharged common rail
D4 D4204T5[40] 2014–2016 133|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}400|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at1969|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-four turbocharged common rail
D5 |D5 AWD}} D5244T4 2006–2009 136|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}400|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at2400|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-five turbocharged common rail
D5 |D5 AWD}} D5244T10 2009–2010 151|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}420|Nm|lb.ft|abbr=on}} at 1500–32502400|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-five twin-turbo common rail
D5 |D5 AWD}} D5244TX 201X–201X 158|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}420|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at2400|cc|in3|1|abbr=on}} Inline-five twin-turbo common rail

Safety

IIHS S80:[41]
Moderate overlap frontal offsetGood
Small overlap frontal offsetGood1
Side impactGood
Roof strengthGood2

1 vehicle structure rated "Good"

2 strength-to-weight ratio: 4.26

Special versions

The S80 is also used as a base for specialised cars such as lengthened limousines, hearses,[42] and ambulances.[43][44] One company producing such models is Nilsson Special Vehicles, based in Laholm, Sweden. Ambulance models receive a completely new body from behind the b-pillar as well as a raised roof. A sliding side door is installed on the right hand side (sometimes on both sides) and the tailgate is enlarged to allow easier access. Nilsson only manufactured ambulances based on the first generation S80. Nilsson has built limousines[45] and hearses[46] based on both generations of the S80.[47] They also manufacture the official state car for a few heads of state, including for the King of Sweden and the King of the Netherlands.[48]

Armored versions were also available. The first generation could be ordered from the factory, with the actual armoring done by an outside company. The second generation armoured version was available from Czech specialists SVOS and no factory armoring was offered.

See also

  • Volvo ECC

References

1. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=http://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/motor-shows-detroit-motor-show/new-volvo-s90-2016-photos-and-specs |title=New Volvo S90 2016 pricing announced |publisher=AutoCar |website=www.autocar.co.uk |date=12 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204200919/http://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/motor-shows-detroit-motor-show/new-volvo-s90-2016-photos-and-specs |archive-date=2015-12-04 |access-date=2017-09-30 |dead-url=no}}
2. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=http://www.iihs.org/ratings/rating.aspx?id=823 |title=IIHS S80 Report |publisher=Iihs |website=www.iihs.org |date=1 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105105956/http://www.iihs.org/ratings/rating.aspx?id=823 |archive-date=2010-11-05 |access-date=2010-10-09 |dead-url=yes}}
3. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/press/s80/press/s80press1.shtml |title=Volvo S80. Ultra Modern Process With New Sophisticated Electrical System : Press release |publisher=Volvo Car Corporation |website= volvoclub.org.uk |date=1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130160051/https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/press/s80/press/s80press1.shtml |archive-date=2018-01-30 |access-date=2017-12-13 |dead-url=no}}
4. ^1 {{cite web |language=en |url=http://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/Tech_Spec_S80_2003.pdf |title=Volvo 2003 S80 Specification |website= volvoclub.org.uk |format=PDF |date=2003 |access-date=2010-10-09 }}
5. ^1 2 {{cite web |language=en |url=https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/tsbs/2012/SB-10037893-7638.pdf |title=SB-10037893-7638 |publisher=Volvo Car Corporation |website=static.nhtsa.gov |type=SB |format=PDF |pages=4–5 |date=4 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102210900/https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/tsbs/2012/SB-10037893-7638.pdf |archive-date=2018-01-02 |access-date=2018-01-30 |url-access=limited |dead-url=no}}
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24. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/pdf/s80/S80MY09PriceListMay.pdf |title=Volvo S80 price list MY09 |publisher=Volvo Car UK Ltd. |website=www.volvoclub.org.uk |format=PDF |pages=20–21 |date=May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001031055/https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/pdf/s80/S80MY09PriceListMay.pdf |archive-date=2017-10-01 |access-date=2017-12-13 |dead-url=no}}
25. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=https://www.media.volvocars.com/global/en-gb/media/pressreleases/9867 |title=Volvo S80 Development |author=Todd Levy |publisher=Volvo Car Corporation |website=media.volvocars.com |format=JPG |quote=Publishing date: 12 April 2006 |date=12 May 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525173946/https://www.media.volvocars.com/global/en-gb/media/pressreleases/9867 |archive-date=2018-05-25 |access-date=2018-05-25 |dead-url=no}}
26. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=http://se.linkedin.com/pub/todd-levy/10/274/897 |title=Todd Levy (LinkedIn Profile) |website=se.linkedin.com |access-date=2017-12-13 }}
27. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=http://autoweek.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060330/FREE/60327009/1024/LATESTNEWS |title=Building Blocks: Ford learns a lesson from Lego |author=Wim Oude Weernink |author2=Bradford Wernle |work=AutoWeek |date=30 March 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060528103216/http://autoweek.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20060330%2FFREE%2F60327009%2F1024%2FLATESTNEWS |archive-date=2006-05-28 |access-date=2006-03-30 |dead-url=yes}}
28. ^{{cite web |language=de |url=http://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/news/volvo-s80l-verlaengerte-limousine-fuer-china-872100.html |title=Volvo S80L: Verlängerte Limousine für China |trans-title=Volvo S80L: Lengthened sedan for China |author=Ralf Bücheler |website=www.auto-motor-und-sport.de |date=18 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718103354/http://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/news/volvo-s80l-verlaengerte-limousine-fuer-china-872100.html |archive-date=2011-07-18 |access-date=2017-07-06 |dead-url=no}}
29. ^{{cite news |language=en |url=http://chinaautoweb.com/2010/12/2011-volvo-s80l-employs-smaller-gtdi-engine/ |title=2011 Volvo S80L Employs Smaller, GTDi Engine |website=Chinaautoweb.com |date=3 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321004042/http://chinaautoweb.com/2010/12/2011-volvo-s80l-employs-smaller-gtdi-engine |archive-date=2012-03-21 |access-date=2012-08-10 |dead-url=no}}
30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.carnewschina.com/2013/06/06/facelifted-volvo-s80l-debuts-in-china/ |title=Facelifted Volvo S80L debuts in China |author=Joey Wang |website=www.carnewschina.com |date=6 June 2013 |access-date=2017-11-26 }}
31. ^1 2 {{cite web |language=en |url=http://www.just-auto.com/news/volvo-cars-and-changan-dissolve-china-jv_id166437.aspx |title=Volvo Cars and Changan dissolve China JV |author=Glenn Brooks |website=www.just-auto.com |date=18 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701155047/http://www.just-auto.com/news/volvo-cars-and-changan-dissolve-china-jv_id166437.aspx |archive-date=2017-07-01 |access-date=2017-07-01 |dead-url=no}}
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33. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=http://www.edmunds.com/car-technology/car-audio/2011-volvo-s60-t6-awd-audio-review.html |title=2011 Volvo S60 T6 AWD: Audio Review |website=www.edmunds.com |access-date=2017-12-13 }}
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36. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=https://www.motorauthority.com/news/1101089_2017-volvo-s90-u-s-specs-revealed |title=2017 Volvo S90 preview |author=Viknesh Vijayenthiran |website=www.motorauthority.com |date=2016-01-12 |access-date=2017-12-13 }}
37. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=http://www.carspecscatalog.com/browse/makes/31/4142 |title=Search result |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223045818/http://www.carspecscatalog.com/browse/makes/31/4142 |archive-date=2015-12-23 |access-date=2015-12-22 |dead-url=yes}}
38. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=http://www.myvolvolibrary.info/S80_ficheiros/S80MY09_US.pdf |title=Volvo S80 MY09 |publisher=Volvo Cars of North America |website=www.myvolvolibrary.info |format=PDF |page=34 |type=brochure |date=2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525112431/http://www.myvolvolibrary.info/S80_ficheiros/S80MY09_US.pdf |archive-date=2018-05-25 |access-date=2017-12-13 |dead-url=no}}
39. ^1 2 {{cite web |language=en |url=https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/pdf/s80/S80_2009_techspecs.pdf |title=Volvo S80: 2009 Specifications |publisher=Volvo Car Corporation |website=www.volvoclub.org.uk |format=PDF |date=2008 |access-date=2017-12-13 |dead-url=no}}
40. ^1 {{cite web |language=en |url=https://www.media.volvocars.com/global/en-gb/models/s80/2014/specifications |title=2014 Volvo S80 specifications |publisher=Volvo Car Corporation |website=www.media.volvocars.com |date=2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122558/https://www.media.volvocars.com/global/en-gb/models/s80/2014/specifications |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2018-01-27 |dead-url=yes}}
41. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=http://www.iihs.org/iihs/ratings/vehicle/v/volvo/s80 |title=Vehicle details |publisher=Iihs |website=www.iihs.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020170623/http://www.iihs.org/iihs/ratings/vehicle/v/volvo/s80 |archive-date=2017-10-20 |access-date=2017-12-13 |dead-url=yes}}
42. ^{{cite web |url=http://img.favcars.com/nilsson/volvo-s80/nilsson_volvo-s80_images_1.jpg |title=Photographic image of Volvo hearse |website=img.favcars.com |format=JPG |access-date=2017-12-13 }}
43. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nanco.se/case_studies/myra.shtml |title=Myra Industriell Design AB - Volvo S80 ambulance |website=www.nanco.se |publisher=NANCO Elektronik AB |date=2010 |access-date=2018-05-24}}
44. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=http://www.diabgroup.com/Cases/Transport/Lightweight-high-strength-sandwich-composites-chosen-for-new-Nilsson-Ambulance |title=Lightweight, high-strength sandwich composites chosen for new Nilsson Ambulance |website=www.diabgroup.com |access-date=2017-12-13}}
45. ^{{cite web |url=http://img.favcars.com/nilsson/volvo-s80/nilsson_volvo-s80_images_2.jpg |title=Photographic image of Volvo limousine |website=img.favcars.com |format=JPG |access-date=2017-12-13}}
46. ^{{cite web |url=http://img.favcars.com/nilsson/volvo-s80/nilsson_volvo_s80__wallpapers_1.jpg |title=Photographic image of Volvo hearse |website=img.favcars.com |format=JPG |access-date=2017-12-13}}
47. ^{{cite web |language=sv |url=http://www.nilsson.se/limousine/ |title=Nilsson Special Vehicles |website=www.nilsson.se |access-date=2017-12-13}}
48. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=http://www.volvocars.com/intl/about/our-stories/made-by-sweden |title=Made by Sweden |website=www.volvocars.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129092802/http://www.volvocars.com/intl/about/our-stories/made-by-sweden |archive-date=2016-11-29 |access-date=2017-12-13 |dead-url=yes}}

External links

{{Commons category}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20120830033910/http://www.volvocars.com/intl/all-cars/volvo-s80/Pages/default.aspx Official website]
{{Volvo cars timeline}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2010}}

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