| 词条 | Voskhod (rocket) |
| 释义 |
|name =Voskhod (R-7 11A57) |image =Voskhod Rocket.png |imsize = 150 |caption =Voskhod rocket |function =Man-rated LEO carrier rocket |manufacturer =OKB-1 |country-origin = Soviet Union |height =30.84 m |alt-height =101.18 ft |diameter =2.99 m |alt-diameter =9.8 ft |mass = 298,400 kg |alt-mass =657,800 lb |stages = 2 |LEO-payload = 5,900 kg |alt-LEO = 13,000 lb |family = R-7 |status = Retired |sites = LC-1 & LC-31, Baikonur LC-41, Plesetsk |first=16 November 1963 |last=29 June 1976 |launches =300 |success =287 |fail =13 |payloads=Voskhod spacecraft Zenit |boosters =4 |boosterengines =1 RD-107-8D74K |boosterthrust =995.3 kN |alt-boosterthrust =223,752 lbf |boosterSI =257 sec |boostertime =119 seconds |boosterfuel =RP-1/LOX |stage1engines =1 RD-107-8D75K |stage1thrust =941 kN |alt-stage1thrust =221,500 lbf |stage1SI =248 sec |stage1time = 301 seconds |stage1fuel = RP-1/LOX |stage2engines =1 RD-0108 |stage2thrust = 294 kN |alt-stage2thrust =66,093 lbf |stage2SI =330 sec |stage2time =240 seconds |stage2fuel = RP-1/LOX }} The Voskhod rocket ({{lang-ru|Восход}}, "ascent", "dawn") was a derivative of the Soviet R-7 ICBM designed for the human spaceflight programme but later used for launching Zenit reconnaissance satellites.[1][2] It consisted of the Molniya 8K78M third stage minus the Blok L.[3] In 1966, all R-7 variants were equipped with the uprated core stage and strap-ons of the Soyuz 11A511. The Blok I stage in the Voskhod booster used the RD-107 engine rather than the RD-110 in the Soyuz, which was more powerful and also man-rated. The sole exception to this were the two manned Voskhod launches, which had RD-108 engines, a man-rated RD-107 but with the same performance. All 11A57s launched after 1965 were functionally an 11A511 without the Soyuz's payload shroud and launch escape system (with the exception of the third stage propulsion system as noted above). Around 300 were flown from Baikonur and Plesetsk through 1976 (various payloads, but Zenith PHOTINT satellites were the most common). The newer 11A511U core had been introduced in 1973, but the existing stock of 11A57s took another three years to use up. Voskhod 11A57
See also
References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Barensky|first1=C. Lardier, Stefan|title=The Soyuz launch vehicle the two lives of an engineering triumph|date=2013|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4614-5459-5|page=160|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CWRIAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA160}} {{Russian launch vehicles}}{{Expendable launch systems}}{{R-7 rockets}}2. ^{{cite book|last1=Hall|first1=Rex|last2=Shayler|first2=David J.|title=The rocket men : Vostok & Voskhod, the first Soviet manned spaceflights|date=2001|publisher=Springer [u.a.]|location=London [u.a.]|isbn=978-1-85233-391-1|page=226|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zndYLKa26wAC&pg=PA226}} 3. ^{{cite web|last1=Kruse|first1=Richard|title=Historic Spacecraft - Soviet and Russian Rockets|url=http://historicspacecraft.com/Rockets_Russian.html#Voskhod|website=HistoricSpacecraft.com|publisher=Historic Spacecraft|accessdate=19 July 2014}} 9 : 1963 in spaceflight|1964 in spaceflight|1965 in spaceflight|1973 in spaceflight|1974 in spaceflight|Voskhod program|Space launch vehicles of the Soviet Union|R-7 (rocket family)|Vehicles introduced in 1963 |
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