| 词条 | Vostok (rocket family) |
| 释义 |
|image = Semyorka Rocket R7 by Sergei Korolyov in VDNH Ostankino RAF0540.jpg |caption = Vostok 8K72K rocket on display in Moscow at the All Russia Exhibition Centre |name = Vostok |function = Carrier rocket |manufacturer = RKK Energia |country-origin = Soviet Union |stages = 3 |capacities = |location = LEO |kilos = {{convert|4725|kg}} |mass = {{convert|280,000-290,000|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |family = R-7 |comparable = Atlas Titan |status = Retired |sites = Baikonur: LC-1/5, 31/6 Plesetsk: LC-41/1, 43/3, 43/4 |launches = Vostok-L: 4 Vostok-K: 13 Vostok-2: 45 Vostok-2M: 94 Soyuz/Vostok: 2 |success = Vostok-L: 3 Vostok-K: 11 Vostok-2: 40 Vostok-2M: 92 Soyuz/Vostok: 2 |fail = Vostok-L: 1 Vostok-K: 2 Vostok-2: 5 Vostok-2M: 2 |first = 15 May 1960 (Vostok-L) |last = 29 August 1991 (Vostok-2M) |payloads = Vostok Zenit Meteor |stagedata = |type = stage |diff = Block B, V, G, D |stageno = First |engines = 1 RD-107-8D74-1959 |thrust = 970.86 kN |total = 3,883.4 kN |burntime = 118 seconds |fuel = Kerosene/LOX }} {{Infobox Rocket/Stage|type = stage |diff = Block A |stageno = Second |engines = 1 RD-108-8D75-1959 |thrust = 912 kN |burntime = 301 seconds |fuel = Kerosene/LOX }} {{Infobox Rocket/Stage|type = stage |diff = Block E |stageno = Third |engines = 1 RD-0109 |thrust = 54.5 kN |burntime = 365 seconds |fuel = Kerosene/LOX }} Vostok (Russian: Восток, translated as "East") was a family of rockets derived from the Soviet R-7 Semyorka ICBM and was designed for the human spaceflight programme. This family of rockets launched the first artificial satellite (Sputnik 1) and the first manned spacecraft (Vostok) in human history. It was a subset of the R-7 family of rockets. On March 18, 1980 a Vostok-2M rocket exploded on its launch pad at Plesetsk during a fueling operation, killing 48 people. An investigation into a similar{{spaced ndash}}but avoided{{spaced ndash}}accident revealed that the substitution of lead-based for tin-based solder in hydrogen peroxide filters allowed the breakdown of the H2O2, thus causing the resultant explosion. VariantsThe major versions of the rocket were:
Vostok 8K72K
GallerySee also{{Portal|Spaceflight|Soviet Union}}
6 : 1958 in spaceflight|1991 in spaceflight|Vostok program|Space launch vehicles of the Soviet Union|R-7 (rocket family)|Vehicles introduced in 1960 |
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