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词条 Amos 4
释义

  1. Text

  2. Textual versions

  3. Verse 1

  4. See also

  5. Notes and references

  6. Bibliography

  7. External links

     Jewish  Christian 
{{For|satellite|Amos-4}}{{Bible chapter|letname= Amos 4 |previouslink= Amos 3 |previousletter= chapter 3 |nextlink= Amos 5 |nextletter= chapter 5 |book=Book of Amos |biblepart=Old Testament | booknum= 30 |category= Nevi'im | filename= CodexGigas_110_MinorProphets.jpg | size=250px | name= Codex Gigas, 13th century |caption=
Book of Amos (1:1–5:21) in Latin in Codex Gigas, made around 13th century.
}}Amos 4 is the fourth chapter of the Book of Amos in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.{{sfn|Collins|2014}}{{sfn|Hayes|2015}} This book contains the prophecies spoken by the prophet Amos, especially the denunciation of Israel's nobles as Israel is reproved for oppression, Amos 4:1–3; for idolatry, Amos 4:4,5; and for their incorrigibleness, Amos 4:6–13.[1] It is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets.[1][2]

Text

The original text is written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 13 verses.

Textual versions

Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter in Hebrew language:

  • Masoretic Text (10th century)
  • Dead Sea Scrolls: (2nd century BC)[3][4]
    • 4Q78 (4QXIIc): extant: verses 1–2[3]
    • 4Q82 (4QXIIg): extant: verses 4‑9[3]

Ancient manuscripts in Koine Greek containing this chapter are mainly of the Septuagint version, including Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}

Verse 1

Hear this word, ye kine of Bashan, that are in the mountain of Samaria,

which oppress the poor, which crush the needy,

which say to their masters, Bring, and let us drink.[5]

  • "Kine": The female name, "kine," may equally brand the luxury and effeminacy of the rich men, or the cruelty of the rich women, of Samaria. He addresses these "kine" in both sexes, both male and female . The reproachful name was then probably intended to shame both; men, who laid aside their manliness in the delicacy of luxury; or ladies, who put off the tenderness of womanhood by oppression. The character of the oppression was the same in both cases. It was done, not directly by those who revelled in its fruits, but through the seduction of one who had authority over them. To the ladies of Samaria, "their lord" was their husband, as the husband is so called; to the nobles of Samaria, he was their king, who supplied their extravagances and debaucheries by grants, extorted from the poor.[9]
  • "Bashan" – The pastures of Bashan were very rich, and it had its name probably from its richness of soil . The Batanea of later times was a province only of the kingdom of Bashan, which, with half of Gilead, was given to the half tribe of Manasseh. For the Bashan of Og included Golan {{bibleref2|Deuteronomy|4:43}}, (the capital of the subsequent Gaulonitis, now Jaulan) Beeshterah {{bibleref2|Joshua|21:27}}, (or Ashtaroth) {{bibleref2|1 Chronicles|6:71}}, very probably Bostra ({{bibleref2|1 Chronicles|1:12}}), and Elrei {{bibleref2|Deuteronomy|1:4}}, in Hauran or Auranitis; the one on its southern border, the other perhaps on its northern boundary toward Trachonitis . Its eastern extremity at Salkah {{bibleref2|Deuteronomy|3:10}}; {{bibleref2|Joshua|13:11}}, (Sulkhad) is the southern point of Batanea (now Bathaniyyeh); Argob, or Trachonitis, (the Lejah) was its north eastern fence.[6]
  • "Oppress the poor": This the women did in ministering, or getting their husbands to minister, to their luxury and debauchery. Apparently they urged their husbands to violence and fraud in order to obtain means to satisfy their extravagance. A bad woman is thoroughly unscrupulous (see the case of Ahab and Naboth, {{bibleref2|1 Kings|21:7}}, etc.).[7]
  • "Say to their masters": that is, to their king, with whom the princes indulged in potations ({{bibleref2|Hosea|7:5}}), and whom here they importune for more wine. "Bring" is singular, in the Hebrew implying that one "master" alone is meant.[8]
  • "The mountains of Samaria": like cattle grazing on a mountain; the metaphor is still continued: Samaria was the principal city of Ephraim, the metropolis of the ten tribes, {{bibleref2|Isaiah|7:9}}; situated on a mountain; Maundrell says, upon a long mount, of an oval figure, having first a fruitful valley, and then a ring of hills running about it. Here the kings of Israel had their palace, and kept their court, and where their princes and nobles resided. Ahab is said to be king of Samaria, {{bibleref2|1 Kings|21:1}}.[9]

See also

{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
  • Bashan
  • Bethel
  • Egypt
  • Gilgal
{{col-2}}
  • Israel
  • Sodom and Gomorrah
  • Samaria
{{col-end}}{{Portal|Bible}}
  • Related Bible parts: Genesis 19, Deuteronomy 28, Jeremiah 23, Amos 3, Joel 1, Joel 2, John 5

Notes and references

1. ^Metzger, Bruce M., et al. The Oxford Companion to the Bible. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
2. ^Keck, Leander E. 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume: VII. Nashville: Abingdon.
3. ^1 2 Dead sea scrolls – Amos
4. ^{{cite journal |author=Timothy A. J. Jull |author2=Douglas J. Donahue |author3=Magen Broshi |author4=Emanuel Tov |url=https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/view/1642 |title=Radiocarbon Dating of Scrolls and Linen Fragments from the Judean Desert |journal=Radiocarbon |volume=38 |number=1 |year=1995 |page=14 |accessdate=26 November 2014}}
5. ^{{bibleref2|Amos|4:1|KJV}}
6. ^1 Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.{{PD-notice}}
7. ^Joseph S. Exell; Henry Donald Maurice Spence-Jones (Editors). The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890.{{PD-notice}}
8. ^1 Robert Jamieson, Andrew Robert Fausset; David Brown. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible. 1871.{{PD-notice}}
9. ^John Gill. John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. Published in 1746–1763.{{PD-notice}}

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}
  • {{Cite book

|last = Collins
|first = John J.
|title = Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures
|publisher = Fortress Press
|year = 2014
|url = https://books.google.com.au/books?id=fbsoBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA305&dq=%22there+is+no+doubt+that+the+book+was+edited+in+the+southern+kingdom%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRiJyupeHSAhWHupQKHcnLCrAQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&q=%22there%20is%20no%20doubt%20that%20the%20book%20was%20edited%20in%20the%20southern%20kingdom%22&f=false
|ref = harv
}}
  • {{Cite book

|last = Hayes
|first = Christine
|title = Introduction to the Bible
|publisher = Yale University Press
|year = 2015
|url = https://books.google.com.au/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC&pg=PT242&dq=%22Amos+is+structured+in+four+main+sections%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi44Kmyq-HSAhXCLpQKHRs5DoIQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&q=%22Amos%20is%20structured%20in%20four%20main%20sections%22&f=false
|ref = harv
}}
  • {{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | authorlink = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Text_of_the_Old_Testament.html?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}
{{Refend}}

External links

Jewish

  • Amos 4 Hebrew with Parallel English
  • Amos 4 Hebrew with Rashi's Commentary

Christian

  • Amos 4 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
{{Book of Amos}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Amos 04}}

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