词条 | Anaguma castle |
释义 |
| floatright | Anaguma Castle | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | ps | ps | ps | | | | | | | gs | ss | ls | | | | | | | gs | ns | ks | – | }} The Anaguma or Bear In The Hole (穴熊 anaguma, lit. "hole-bear") is a castle used in shogi. (An anaguma is a Japanese badger.) It is commonly used in professional shogi. HistoryThe Anaguma was initially a castle used by Ranging Rook players. In modern times, it was first considered a poor choice for Ranging Rook. And, the renaissance of Ranging Rook strategies that was happening in the first part of the 20th century was in part attributed to the strength of the Mino castle. However, a Static Rook strategy – the King's Head Vanguard Pawn – became a formidable challenge to Ranging Rook positions as the Mino castle is weak against frontal attacks and the King's Head Vanguard Pawn strategy exploits these weaknesses by attacking the Mino from above.{{efn | The term vanguard pawn (位取り kuraidori) refers to a positioning of a pawn advanced to the middle rank supported by generals as a phalanx-like attacking formation.}} Therefore, a change from a Mino to an Anaguma was considered since the Ranging Rook player's king is moved one rank further away from the vanguard pawn offense.[1] {{Col-begin | width=auto | class=floatright}}{{Col-2}}{{shogi diagram| | Harada's Anaguma | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | ps | ps | | | | | | ps | | ss | ss | | | | | | ls | | gs | | | | | | | ks | ns | | | | | | | | – | }}{{Col-2}}{{shogi diagram | | Tanaka vs Satō 1976 | – | lg | ng | | gg | | | | | lg | | kg | sg | | gg | | | bg | | pg | pg | pg | pg | pg | | ng | pg | | | | | | sg | | rg | | pg | | | | ps | | pg | pg | ps | | | | ps | ss | ps | | | | | ps | ps | bs | | | ps | ps | | ps | ls | ss | | | gs | | | rs | | ks | ns | gs | | | | | ns | ls | – | }}{{Col-end}} The Anaguma variant used for Static Rook positions was initially called Harada's Anaguma (原田流穴熊 harada-ryū anagauma) named after professional player Yasuo Harada (原田泰夫) who used his own particular Anaguma configuration.[2] Torahiko Tanaka helped popularize the Anaguma castle as a castle for Counter-Ranging Rook Static Rook positions among professional players. At the time, the Anaguma was used primarily for Ranging Rook positions.[3] The adjacent diagram shows Tanaka (Black) using Static Rook position with an Incomplete Anaguma castle in an October 1976 professional match.[4] His opponent Daigorō Satō (佐藤大五郎) is using an Ishida position (developed from an earlier Fourth File Rook position). Later, Tanaka claimed to be the originator of the Static Rook Anaguma. According to retired professional Noboru Tamaru (田丸昇), an amateur player who had used the Static Rook Anaguma in the 1970s brought a lawsuit against Tanaka for Tanaka's alleged false claims. The court case was eventually dismissed.[5]Although originally considered a primarily Ranging Rook castle, the Static Rook Anaguma became a very tough castle for Ranging Rook players to attack. However, in the mid-1990s, the Fujii System was developed for Ranging Rook that created many problems for Static Rook Anaguma positions leading to changes in Static Rook strategies including even abandoning the Anaguma for other castles (such as the Millenium castle) in some variations. {{clear}}Details{{Col-begin|width=auto|class=floatright}}{{Col-2}}{{shogi diagram| | Ranging Rook Silver Anaguma | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | ps | ps | ps | | | | | | | gs | ss | ls | | | | | | | gs | ns | ks | – | }}{{Col-2}}{{shogi diagram | | Static Rook Silver Anaguma | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | | | | | | | ps | ps | bs | ps | | | | | | ls | ss | gs | | | | | | | ks | ns | gs | | | | | | | – | }}{{Col-end}} This castle can be executed on either side of the board. A player utilizing the Ranging Rook strategy uses a {{Interlanguage link multi|Ranging Rook Anaguma|ja|3=振り飛車穴熊|vertical-align=sup}} (振り飛車穴熊 furibisha anaguma) on the right side while a player employing the Static Rook strategy builds a Static Rook Anaguma (居飛車穴熊 ibisha anaguma) on the left side. The end-result will place the king in the corner square where the lance started, defended by two gold generals and one silver. This way, the King cannot be easily checked by a knight or a ranging piece.{{sfn|Hosking|1997|loc=Part 1, Chapter 8: Castles|p=53–54}} {{clear}}{{Col-begin|width=auto|class=floatright}}{{Col-2}}{{shogi diagram| | Ranging Rook Gold Anaguma | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | ps | ps | ps | | | | | | | gs | gsl| ls | | | | | | | ss | ns | ks | – | }}{{Col-2}}{{shogi diagram | | Static Rook Gold Anaguma | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | | | | | | | ps | ps | bs | ps | | | | | | ls | gsl| gs | | | | | | | ks | ns | ss | | | | | | | – | }}{{Col-end}}{{shogi diagram | floatright | Bishop Anaguma | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | ps | ps | ps | | | | | | ls | bs | ss | | | | | | | ks | ns | ss | | | | | | | – | }} Other than the Static Rook and Ranging Rook classification, Anaguma castles can be categorized depending upon which piece cover the square at the ear of the king. When the king is positioned at the corner square, if there were only the knight and the lance with no generals, there would be a hole diagonally in front of the king – the 88 (Black) or 22 (White) square for Ranging Rook Anagumas and the 28 (Black) or 82 (White) squares for Static Rook Anagumas. This square is called the diagonal hole. The piece that covers the diagonal hole names the castle. Thus, a Silver Anaguma has a silver positioned on this square whereas a Gold Anaguma uses a gold for this purpose (with the silver on 79 instead of the gold). (Although possible, Bishop Anagumas are rare.) {{clear}}ConstructionOne suggested strategy for a rook-side castle is:
Now for silver anaguma:
Or gold anaguma:
When building a left side Anaguma (with a static rook opening), the bishop is moved out of the way of the king, and the 7th file pawn is moved to make space for the bishop, which may be moved elsewhere later.{{sfn|Hosking|1997|loc=Part 1, Chapter 8: Castles|p=53–54}} {{clear}}{{shogi diagram| floatright | Silver Anaguma Gold-67 Variant | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | ps | | | | | | ps | ps | bs | gs | | | | | | ls | ss | | | | | | | | ks | ns | gs | | | | | | | – | }} It's also possible for a gold to be positioned at 67 instead of 78.{{sfn|Nishio|2014}} {{clear}}Anaguma variants{{Col-begin | width=auto | class=floatright}}{{Col-2}}{{shogi diagram| | Incomplete Silver Anaguma | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | ps | ps | ps | | | | | | | | ss | ls | | | | | | | gs | ns | ks | – | }}{{Col-2}}{{shogi diagram | | Mino Anaguma | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | ps | ps | ps | | | | | | gs | | ss | ls | | | | | | | gs | ns | ks | – | }}{{Col-end}}{{Col-begin | width=auto | class=floatright}}{{Col-2}}{{shogi diagram | | Twin Gold Anaguma (Black) | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | ps | ps | ps | | | | | | gs | gs | ss | ls | | | | | | | | ns | ks | – | }}{{Col-2}}{{shogi diagram | | High Anaguma | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | ps | | | | | | ps | ps | ss | | | | | | | | gs | gs | ls | | | | | | | | ns | ks | – | }}{{Col-end}}{{Col-begin | width=auto | class=floatright}}{{Col-2}}{{shogi diagram | | Left High Anaguma | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | ps | ps | ps | | | | | | | ss | ss | | | | | | | ls | gs | gs | | | | | | | ks | ns | | | | | | | | – | }}{{Col-2}}{{shogi diagram | | Yagura Anaguma | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | ps | ps | | | | | ps | ps | ss | gs | | | | | | ls | | gs | | | | | | | ks | ns | | | | | | | | – | }}{{Col-end}}{{Col-begin | width=auto | class=floatright}}{{Col-2}}{{shogi diagram | | Tajiri Anaguma 田尻穴熊 | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | | | | | | | ps | ps | bs | ps | | | | | | ls | ss | ss | | | | | | | ks | ns | gs | gs | | | | | | – | }}{{Col-2}}{{shogi diagram | | Silver Crown Anaguma (Black) 銀冠穴熊 | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | ps | ps | | | | | | | | ss | bs | ps | | | | | | ls | gs | gs | | | | | | | ks | ns | | | | | | | | – | }}{{Col-end}}{{Col-begin | width=auto | class=floatright}}{{Col-2}}{{shogi diagram | | Big Four ビッグ4 | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | ps | | | | | | | ps | ss | ss | ps | | | | | | ls | gs | gs | | | | | | | ks | ns | | | | | | | | – | }}{{Col-2}}{{shogi diagram | | Matsuo Anaguma 松尾流穴熊 | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | ps | | | | | | ps | ps | | gs | ps | | | | | ls | ss | gs | | | | | | | ks | ns | ss | | | | | | | – | }}{{Col-end}}{{Col-begin | width=auto | class=floatright}}{{Col-2}}{{shogi diagram | | Pants-Off Anaguma (right) パンツを脱ぐ | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | ps | | | | | | ps | ps | ns | gs | | | | | | ls | ss | | | | | | | | ks | | gs | | | | | | | – | }}{{Col-2}}{{shogi diagram | | Pants-Off Anaguma (left) パンツを脱ぐ | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | ps | | | | | | | | gs | ns | ps | ps | | | | | | | | ss | ls | | | | | | | gs | | ks | – | }}{{Col-end}}{{shogi diagram | floatright | Kanki Static Rook Anaguma 神吉流居飛車穴熊 | – | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ps | ps | | | | | | | ps | ss | bs | ps | | | | | | ls | ss | gs | | | | | | | ks | ns | gs | | | | | | | – | }}{{Expand section|date=May 2016}}{{clear}} Attacking Anaguma{{Expand section|date=May 2016}}See also
Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^Ōuchi (1978) 2. ^Hodges (1977) 3. ^http://tamarunoboru.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2010/05/post-dcb7.html 4. ^https://shogidb2.com/games/5fdeffafc975d692e2af090e94c8377292f1c5c3 5. ^http://tamarunoboru.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2010/05/post-dcb7.html Bibliography
1 : Shogi castles |
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