| 词条 | Anastasia Bitsenko |
| 释义 |
| name = Anastasia Bitsenko | image = BASA 600K-3-469-31 Anastasia-Alexeevna-Bitsenko.jpg | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = 10 November 1875 | birth_place = Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Russian Empire | death_date = 16 June 1938 (aged 62) | death_place = | nationality = Russian | other_names = | occupation = | years_active = | known_for = | notable_works = | party = Social Revolutionary Party Left Socialist Revolutionary Party | movement = Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee }} Anastasia Bitsenko ({{lang-ru|Анастасия Алексеевна Биценко}}; 10 November 1875 – 16 June 1938) was a Russian revolutionary during Tsarist Russia. She came to fame for assassinating the Russian Minister of War Viktor Sakharov in 1905. After being held in detention for 12 years, she was freed during the February Revolution and joined the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries. For her achievements she was later appointed by the Bolsheviks to be a member of the Soviet delegation for the German-Russian peace negotiations in World War I, which resulted in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Early life and arrestAnastasia Bitsenko was born on 10 November 1875 in a small village in the Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Russian Empire. After she married she became engaged in revolutionary activities against the Tsarist monarchy early on. In 1902 she joined the Party of Socialists-Revolutionaries and participated in various assignments. In 1905 she assassinated the Russian Minister of War Viktor Sakharov, "the butcher of Saratov". Bitsenko was captured, brought to trial, and initially sentenced to death; but her punishment was later reduced to exile at the Nerchinsk penal colony. There she met five other women with a similar history, among them fellow revolutionary Maria Spiridonova. The violent feats of these women received some significant fame by the populace and they became collectively known as the Shesterka ("The Six").{{sfn|Boniece|2010|pp=172–191}}{{sfn|Anemone|2010|pp=135, 149, 160}} Soviet RussiaAs result of the Russian Revolution in 1917 she was freed and participated during the political uprising as a member of the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee. Later she joined the Left Socialist Revolutionary Party and rose through the ranks.{{sfn|Boniece|2010|pp=172–191}} As reward for her efforts in the party, she was designated to be one of the seven members of the Soviet Delegation for the German-Soviet peace talks for World War I in Brest-Litovsk.{{sfn|Hochschild|2011|p=304}} Bitsenko was the only woman present during the negotiations; her appointment was a political maneuver by the Bolshevists to give representation to the rival Left Socialist-Revolutionaries. The talks concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, a hugely unpopular peace treaty which ended the fighting on the Eastern Front.{{sfn|Tooze|2015|pp=xv, chapter 1}}{{sfn|Ulam|1974|p=57}} Bitsenko returned to Russia and continued her party activities, holding various political and committee positions. With the death of Vladmir Lenin, widespread purges were enacted by the new Soviet supreme leader Joseph Stalin, and she became one of the many targets. Accused of being a member of a terrorist organization she was put on trial and sentenced to death. On 16 June 1938 she was shot and buried in Kommunarka.{{sfn|Boniece|2010|pp=172–191}} ReferencesBibliography
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16 : 1875 births|1938 deaths|People from Yekaterinoslav Governorate|Bolsheviks|Old Bolsheviks|Socialist-Revolutionary Party members|Executed Russian women|Russian communists|Russian Marxists|Russian revolutionaries|Left socialist-revolutionaries|Russian women|Soviet women in politics|Russian female murderers|Russian assassins|Great Purge victims from Russia |
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