| 词条 | W76 |
| 释义 |
| name = W76 | image = W76.gif | image_size = 300 | caption = The W76 warhead and Mk-4 re-entry vehicle (cutaway diagram) – Los Alamos National Labs image | origin = | type = Nuclear bomb | is_explosive = yes | service = 1978–present | used_by = United States and possibly the United Kingdom (see Trident Nuclear Program) | wars = |designer = Los Alamos National Laboratory |design_date = W76-1 1973–1978, W76-2 2018 |manufacturer = Pantex Plant |unit_cost = |production_date = W76-0 1978–1987 (full production), W76-1 2008-2018 (LEP), W76-2 2018-FY2024 |number = ~3400 |variants = 3 |spec_label = |weight = {{convert|362.5|lb}} |length = |part_length = |width = |height = |diameter = |filling = |filling_weight = |detonation = Contact, airburst |yield = W76-0 and W76-1 100 kilotons, W76-2 5–7 kilotons }} The W76 is a United States thermonuclear warhead. The first variant was manufactured from 1978 to 1987, and is still in service {{As of|2019|lc=on}}. In 2018 a new low-yield variant was announced which is expected to gain initial operating capability in 2019. The W-76 is carried inside a Mk-4 re-entry vehicle. U.S. Trident I and Trident II SLBM/submarine-launched ballistic missiles may carry W76 warheads as one warhead option, along with W88 warheads in the Trident II. The dimensions of the W76 and Mk-4 re-entry vehicle which carries it are not known; only the warhead's weight of {{convert|362|lb}} has been disclosed. The W76 Mod 0 and Mod 1 has a yield of 100 kilotons. The upgraded W76-1/Mk4A will be used in both American and British submarines.[1] Extensions to the service lives for 800 of the warheads was approved by the US government in 2000, then later increased to 2,000.[2] Production on the W76-1 started in September 2008 to extend service life by 20 years and add safety features; the National Nuclear Security Administration completed updating all W76-0 warheads to the W76-1 design in December 2018.[3] The warhead is currently the most numerous weapon in the US nuclear arsenal,[4] having replaced the Poseidon SLBM warhead, the W68, in that capacity. The 2018 Nuclear Posture Review announced that manufacturing of a new variant, W76-2, would commence.[5] The W76-2 variant is described as a low-yield warhead, expected to yield about 5-7 kilotons of TNT equivalent[6]. The National Nuclear Security Administration announced that it had started to manufacture the W76-2 variant in January 2019. Initial operating capability is expected in the final quarter of 2019,[7] and manufacturing is expected to last through FY2024[8] at the Pantex Plant[9]. See also
References1. ^Kristensen, Hans. [https://fas.org/blog/ssp/2011/04/britishw76-1.php "British Submarines to Receive Upgraded US Nuclear Warhead."] FAS, 1 April 2011. 2. ^Pincus, Walter, "Strategic Plan Extends Life Span Of Nuclear Arsenal", The Washington Post, 19 May 2011, p. 17. 3. ^[https://www.defensenews.com/space/2019/01/23/work-completed-on-navys-upgraded-nuclear-warhead/ Work completed on Navy’s upgraded nuclear warhead]. Defense News. 24 January 2019. 4. ^http://www.nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/Weapons/W76.html 5. ^https://media.defense.gov/2018/Feb/02/2001872886/-1/-1/1/2018-NUCLEAR-POSTURE-REVIEW-FINAL-REPORT.PDF "Nuclear Posture Review 2018" 6. ^https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-poised-to-get-new-low-yield-nuclear-weapons/2018/06/13/161b1466-6dac-11e8-9ab5-d31a80fd1a05_story.html "Trump poised to get new low-yield nuclear weapons" 7. ^https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/28/us-nuclear-weapons-first-low-yield-warheads-roll-off-the-production-line "US nuclear weapons: first low-yield warheads roll off the production line" 8. ^https://fas.org/blogs/security/2018/11/ssmp2018/ "NNSA Plan Shows Nuclear Warhead Cost Increases and Expanded Production" 9. ^https://www.defensenews.com/smr/nuclear-arsenal/2019/01/28/trumps-new-nuclear-weapon-has-entered-production/ https://www.ucsusa.org/press/2018/imminent-house-vote-new-low-yield-nuclear-weapon-house-should-approve-blumenauer External links
1 : Nuclear warheads of the United States |
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