| 词条 | Anna Mangin |
| 释义 |
Personal lifeIt is believed that Anna M. Mangin was born in October of 1854 in the state of Louisiana. A 1900 census noted that she was married to A.F. Mangin, a coal dealer, and that the couple had two sons, only one of which was still living.[1] All of the family members were noted as being literate.[1] Major contributionsAnna M. Mangin made major contributions to everyday domesticated household needs early on in the 19th century. Her invention was the pastry fork. Mangin got the patent for the pastry fork on March 1, 1892, in Queens, New York. The pastry fork is an attachment that electrically mixes without the need for arm work. This tool had many uses, including beating eggs, thickening foods, making drawn butter, mashing potatoes, making salad dressings, and most importantly, kneading pastry dough. This improved the lives of many women, and eventually lead to more electric mixing inventions that are used to this day. Kneading pastry dough by hand is a gruelling process that can cause arm cramping and other pains. Also, the dough often does not get fully incorporated when mixed by hand. If the dough does not fully incorporate during the kneading process, then it will not rise, resulting in a dense, and in most cases, underbaked consistency. ExhibitionMangin's pastry fork was displayed at the New York Afro-American Exhibit at the World's Columbian Exposition in 1983.[1] The exhibit was located in the women's exhibit building on the second floor, where Mangin had a corner area to showcase the invention.[1] References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wz-DTSXeLRYC&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=Anna+Mangin&source=bl&ots=4BpimERJSs&sig=jVS94CRhwrR9vGJ7EpywObMWw7E&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjV0oKLyojcAhWGt1kKHa5qDY04ChDoAQhgMA8#v=onepage&q=Anna%20Mangin&f=false|title=The Inventive Spirit of African Americans: Patented Ingenuity|last=Sluby|first=Patricia Carter|date=2004|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=|isbn=9780275966744|location=|pages=129|language=en}} 2. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3IhUAAAAMAAJ&q=Anna+Mangin&dq=Anna+Mangin&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjB7fX_y4jcAhUEVH0KHbxWB68Q6AEIPzAF|title=American Women in Technology: An Encyclopedia|last=Zierdt-Warshaw|first=Linda|last2=Winkler|first2=Alan|last3=Bernstein|first3=Leonard|date=2000-01-01|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=|isbn=9781576070727|location=|pages=72, 151, 194-195|language=en}} US470005A - Pastry-fork. (n.d.). Retrieved March 23, 2018, from https://patents.google.com/patent/US470005 Anna M. Mangin Archives. (n.d.). Retrieved March 23, 2018, from https://blackthen.com/tag/anna-m-mangin/ {{DEFAULTSORT:Mangin, Anna}} 4 : 1854 births|Year of death unknown|Date of death unknown|African-American inventors |
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