1. Early life

2. Career

3. Death and legacy

4. References
    Citations  Bibliography 

Anna Maria Niemeyer (1929–2012) was a Brazilian architect, furniture designer and gallery owner. The only daughter of Oscar Niemeyer, she worked with her father to design the civic buildings for Brasília, focusing primarily on interior spaces and decoration. When her father decided to make furniture to harmonize his structures with the design elements, she turned her interest to furniture designing. Her two most noted designs were the initial prototype called the "Alta" and the "Rio". In her latter career, she ran an art gallery in Rio, which at one time was the only gallery in the city, and assisted in the creation of the Niterói Contemporary Art Museum.

Early life

Anna Maria Baldo Niemeyer was born on 16 December 1929 in Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil{{sfn|Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural|2012}} to Annita Baldo and Oscar Niemeyer.{{sfn|Ouroussoff|2012}}

Career

When the Urbanization Company of New Capital of Brazil ({{lang-pt|Companhia Urbanizadora da Nova Capital do Brasil (NOVACAP)}}), was established in 1956,{{sfn|Governo do Distrito Federal|2013}} Niemeyer's father held the position of architect-in-charge. As such, he had responsibility for all the designs of buildings and monuments in the planned city.{{sfn|Fraser|2000|p=230}} In 1960, Niemeyer moved to Brasília{{sfn|De Oliveira Fonseca|2012}} as one of the 120 professionals in the Urbanism and Architecture Department of NOVACAP.{{sfn|Ficher|Schlee|2010|p=141}} Her work with her father, focused on designing interior spaces for some of his buildings, including the Palácio da Alvorada,{{sfn|Filler|2013|p=95}} the Palácio do Planalto, the National Congress and the Supreme Federal Court.{{sfn|Folha de São Paulo|2012}}{{sfn|O Globo|2012}} The Palácio da Alvorada is the official residence of Brazil's president,{{sfn|Filler|2013|p=95}} and Niemeyer was responsible for the design of the banquet hall, as well as the interior decoration and design of the chairs.{{sfn|Guerra|2011}} She completed furniture designs for the Palácio do Planalto{{sfn|Nelson|2011}} and designed the tiled sauna for the Congressional Clubhouse.{{sfn|Wanderley|2006|p=134}}

Beginning in 1970, Niemeyer, in collaboration with her father, began producing furniture, based on a Swedish technique using plywood and glue to create curved forms. By creating their own furniture, they were able to harmonize the design of the building with furniture that actually fit the spaces, rather than losing the room design to the furnishings. The duo typically used natural materials including leather, straw and wood,{{sfn|Costa Jr.|2014|p=73}} though their first design was of metal. In 1971, the first protype was created in France, because the technology to bend the steel was not yet available in Brazil.{{sfn|Costa Jr.|2014|p=74}} The oversized chair, with a stool, "Alta" was designed by Niemeyer and featured a curved steel frame over which the seat and backrest were mounted on wood and upholstered with leather.{{sfn|Carvalho|2007}}

Later, the pieces of "mobile architecture" that Niemeyer produced were made of bent pressed wood, as construction was easier and less expensive. The furniture she produced included stationary and rocking chairs, couches and longues and tables, of which most were originally designed for her father's architectural projects.{{sfn|Carvalho|2007}} Most of the furnishings were produced in Brazil, but the duo also opened a manufacturing studio in Italy where some pieces were made.{{sfn|De Oliveira Fonseca|2012}}{{sfn|Carvalho|2007}} A Japanese firm, Tendo Brasileira, operating in Brazil, was initially given exclusive production rights{{sfn|1st Dibs|2013}} and each piece was issued a unique serial number to prevent forgeries. In the 1980s, the firm of Milly Teperman of São Paulo began production of the designs.{{sfn|Méndez Rebollal|2013|p=17}} Niemeyers works were exhibited in many locations throughout the world, including among others, the Centre Georges Pompidou and the Salon in Paris, the Internationale Möbelmesse Fair in Cologne, the Milan Furniture Fair in Milan and the United Nations Building in New York City.{{sfn|De Oliveira Fonseca|2012}}{{sfn|Carvalho|2007}}

The Niemeyers' most important design was the "Rio", a chaise longue designed in 1970 for her father's personal use.{{sfn|1st Dibs|2013}}{{sfn|Méndez Rebollal|2013|p=17}} Using the curves favored by her father, reminiscent of the coastline of his native Brazil and the figure of a woman, the frame was made of three curved elements to give balance and create the structure of the chair. The main support allowed the chair to rock and provided balance, while the smaller elements braced the head and foot of the seat. The shaped plywood was stained with black lacquer and the cylindrical headrest affixed by two cords was made of black leather.{{sfn|Méndez Rebollal|2013|p=17}}{{sfn|Gutiérrez|2011}} Tensioned wicker of woven natural cane stretched over the frame to form the seat of the rocker.{{sfn|1st Dibs|2013}}{{sfn|Méndez Rebollal|2013|p=17}} The chair did not go into production until 1978, when it was made in Brazil at the Tendo plant.{{sfn|Méndez Rebollal|2013|p=17}}

Niemeyer left Brasília in 1973{{sfn|Folha de São Paulo|2012}} and in 1977, after returning to Rio de Janeiro opened the Galeria Anna Maria Niemeyer. Two years later, she moved the gallery to the neighborhood of Gávea.{{sfn|Folha de São Paulo|2012}} In the 1980s, Niemeyer began a relationship with Carlos Magalhães da Silveira, an architect with whom she had worked at NOVACAP and who also was a business partner of her father. They married and had two children, Carlos Oscar and Ana Cláudia.{{sfn|Ficher|Schlee|2010|p=141}}{{sfn|Gorgulho|2003}}{{sfn|Niemeyer|2000}} During the 1990s, hers was the only art gallery in Rio.{{sfn|O Globo|2012}} She featured works of many of Brazil's iconic artists, including {{Interlanguage link multi|Farnese de Andrade|pt}},{{sfn|de Araújo|2008|p=288}} {{Interlanguage link multi|Jorge Eduardo Guinle|pt}},{{sfn|Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural|2016}} Franz Weissmann{{sfn|Cohen|2001}} and others,{{sfn|Associação Brasileira de Imprensa|2008}} hosting over 300 exhibits during her lifetime. She was one of the founders of the idea to create the Niterói Contemporary Art Museum ({{lang-pt|Museu de Arte Contemporânea de Niterói (MAC-Niterói)}}), along with Victor Arruda.{{sfn|Folha de São Paulo|2012}} Between 1991 and 1996, she worked on designs of the MAC-Niterói project with her father. All of the furnishings of the museum were her designs.{{sfn|Prefeitura Municipal de Niterói|2011}} She also collaborated with her father on the Latin-American Parliament Building in São Paulo and the Oscar Niemeyer Museum in Curitiba.{{sfn|Bessa|2012}} In 2003, Niemeyer and Magalhães separated, after their daughter was killed in a car accident.{{sfn|Gorgulho|2003}}

In 2010, Niemeyer was called by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva to assist in returning the interior of the Alvorada Palace back to its original presentation. Over the years, furnishings had been replaced, put in storage, or the rooms altered to fit the customs and preferences of the various occupants. Lula wanted to restore the original design to preserve the historical integrity of the residence. Searching through archives and government properties, first lady Marisa Lula oversaw the project in which she discovered through Niemeyer that the original chairs, thought to have been Mies Van der Rohe creations shipped from Barcelona, were in fact copies made by Niemeyer, as there was no money to buy the 1929 originals or have them shipped.{{sfn|ISTOÉ Dinheiro|2010}}

Death and legacy

Niemeyer died on 6 June 2012 in the Samaritan Hospital of Rio after a lengthy stay with emphysema and cancer. She was buried at the Cemitério de São João Batista in the Botafogo neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro.{{sfn|O Globo|2012}}{{sfn|Bessa|2012}} Her furniture designs have become collectors items and are featured in museum and private collections, like the "Rio" in the permanent collection of the NoHo Modern in the NoHo Arts District, Los Angeles. They have been sold by both Christie's and Sotheby's as works of art.{{sfn|Méndez Rebollal|2013|p=17}}{{sfn|Gutiérrez|2011}}

References

Citations

Bibliography

• {{cite news|ref=harv |last1=Bessa |first1=Priscila |title=Corpo da filha do arquiteto Oscar Niemeyer é sepultado em Botafogo |url=http://odia.ig.com.br/portal/rio/corpo-da-filha-do-arquiteto-oscar-niemeyer-%C3%A9-sepultado-em-botafogo-1.449755 |accessdate=16 October 2016 |publisher=O Dia |date=7 June 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016204345/http://odia.ig.com.br/portal/rio/corpo-da-filha-do-arquiteto-oscar-niemeyer-%C3%A9-sepultado-em-botafogo-1.449755 |archivedate=16 October 2016 |location=Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |language=Portuguese |trans-title=Oscar Niemeyer's daughter's body is buried in Botafogo |deadurl=yes }}
• {{cite journal|ref=harv |last1=Carvalho |first1=Joana |title=Oscar e Anna Maria Niemeyer: Arquitetura De Móveis |url=http://au.pini.com.br/arquitetura-urbanismo/165/made-in-oscar-e-anna-maria-niemeyer-poltrona-67570-1.aspx |journal=Arquitetura e Urbanismo |date=December 2007 |volume=165 |accessdate=15 October 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116062443/http://au.pini.com.br/arquitetura-urbanismo/165/made-in-oscar-e-anna-maria-niemeyer-poltrona-67570-1.aspx |archivedate=16 January 2014 |trans-title=Oscar and Anna Maria Niemeyer: Mobile Architecture |publisher=PINI |location=Grande São Paulo, Brazil |language=Portuguese |deadurl=yes }}
• {{cite journal|ref=harv |last1=Cohen |first1=Vivianne |title=Franz Weissmann, 89 anos |url=http://www.terra.com.br/istoegente/64/testemunha/ |accessdate=16 October 2016 |journal=ISTOÉ Gente Online |publisher=Editora Três Ltda |date=1 February 2001 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050211122939/http://www.terra.com.br/istoegente/64/testemunha/ |archivedate=11 February 2005 |location=Brazil |language=Portuguese |trans-title=89-year-old Franz Weissmann |deadurl=yes }}
• {{cite thesis|ref=harv|type=master's degree|last=Costa Jr.|first=José Airton|date=December 2014|title=Arquitetos-designers: o mobiliário moderno da Universidade de Brasília|url=http://repositorio.unb.br/bitstream/10482/17982/1/2014_JoseAirtonCostaJunior.pdf|publisher=Universidade de Brasília|location=Brasília, Brasil|language=Portuguese|trans-title=Architects-designers: Modern furniture of the University of Brasilia}}
• {{cite web|ref=harv|last1=de Araújo|first1=André Luiz|title=Farnese: Uma História do Corpo na Arte Contemporânea (1964-1976)|url=http://www.unicamp.br/chaa/eha/atas/2008/DE%20ARAUJO,%20Andre%20Luiz%20-%20IVEHA.pdf|website=Universidade Estadual de Campinas|publisher=IV Encontro de História da Arte--Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas|accessdate=16 October 2016|location=São Paulo, Brasil|language=Portuguese|date=2008|trans-title=Farnese: A Body of History in Contemporary Art (1964-1976)}}
• {{cite web|ref=harv |last1=De Oliveira Fonseca |first1=Marcio |title=Anna Maria Niemeyer Uma homenagem |url=http://arteseanp.blogspot.mx/2012/06/anna-maria-niemeyer-uma-homenagem.html |website=ArtesansP |publisher=Art&Arte Associates |accessdate=15 October 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015201429/http://arteseanp.blogspot.mx/2012/06/anna-maria-niemeyer-uma-homenagem.html |archivedate=15 October 2016 |location=Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |language=Portuguese |date=7 June 2012 |deadurl=yes }}
• {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Ficher|first1=Sylvia|last2=Schlee|first2=Andrey|title=Guia de obras de Oscar Niemeyer : Brasília 50 anos|date=2010|publisher=Instituto de Arquitetos do Brasil|location=Brasília, Brazil|isbn=978-85-736-5716-6|url=http://bd.camara.gov.br/bd/bitstream/handle/bdcamara/3565/guia_obras_Brasilia.pdf?sequence=1|language=Portuguese, English}}
• {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Filler|first=Martin|title=Makers of Modern Architecture, Volume II: From Le Corbusier to Rem Koolhaas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljoVsP8ZbTIC&pg=PT95|volume=II|year=2013|publisher=New York Review Books|location=New York, New York|isbn=978-1-59017-701-3}}
• {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Fraser|first=Valerie|title=Building the New World: Studies in the Modern Architecture of Latin America, 1930-1960|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KW3iUG4VPq0C&pg=PA230|year=2000|publisher=Verso|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-85984-787-9}}
• {{cite web|ref=harv|last1=Gorgulho|first1=Silvestre|title=Carlos Magalhães: A cara de Brasília|url=http://www.gorgulho.com/?sessao=materia&idMateria=148&titulo=CARLOS-MAGALHAES|accessdate=16 October 2016|publisher=Silvestre Gorgulho Reportagens|date=December 2003|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016161935/http://www.gorgulho.com/?sessao=materia&idMateria=148&titulo=CARLOS-MAGALHAES|archivedate=16 October 2016|location=Brasília, Brazil|language=Portuguese|trans-title=Carlos Magalhães: The face of Brasilia}}
• {{cite web|ref=harv|last1=Guerra|first1=Ichiro|title=Salão de banquetes Palácio da Alvorada|url=https://www2.planalto.gov.br/presidencia/palacios-e-residencias-oficiais/palacio-da-alvorada/galeria-de-imagens/palacio-da-alvorada-17.jpg/view|website=Portal do Planalto|publisher=O Escritório do Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil (The Office of the President of the Federative Republic of Brazil)|accessdate=15 October 2016|location=Brasília, Brazil|language=Portuguese|date=22 September 2011|trans-title=Palácio da Alvorada Banquet Hall}}
• {{cite news|ref=harv|last1=Gutiérrez|first1=Catalina|title=Chaise Longue Rio / Oscar Niemeyer|url=http://www.archdaily.mx/mx/02-89450/chaise-longue-rio-oscar-niemeyer|accessdate=16 October 2016|publisher=ArchDaily|date=19 May 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124140407/http://www.archdaily.mx/mx/02-89450/chaise-longue-rio-oscar-niemeyer|archivedate=24 January 2016|location=Mexico City, Mexico|language=Spanish}}
• {{cite journal|ref=harv|last1=Méndez Rebollal|first1=Celia|title=Chaiselongue Rio. Oscar y Anna Maria Niemeyer (1970)|journal=Estudi del Moble|date=2013|issue=17|url=http://www.raco.cat/index.php/EstudiMoble/article/view/279641|accessdate=16 October 2016|publisher=l'Associació per a l'Estudi del Moble, Revistes Catalanes amb Accés Obert|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016191833/http://www.raco.cat/index.php/EstudiMoble/article/view/279641|archivedate=16 October 2016|location=Barcelona, Spain|language=Catalan|issn=2339-9325|trans-title=Chaise lounge "Rio", Oscar and Anna Maria Niemeyer (1970)}}
• {{cite news|ref=harv |last1=Nelson |first1=Rainbow Blue |title=Dreaming of Brasilia |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304186404576388170304044508 |accessdate=15 October 2016 |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |date=23 June 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014203612/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304186404576388170304044508 |archivedate=14 October 2016 |location=New York City, New York |deadurl=yes }}
• {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Niemeyer|first=Oscar|title=The curves of time: the memoirs of Oscar Niemeyer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RGBQAAAAMAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Phaidon|location=London, England|isbn=978-0-714-84007-9}}
• {{cite news|ref=harv |last1=Ouroussoff |first1=Nicolai |title=Oscar Niemeyer, Architect Who Gave Brasília Its Flair, Dies at 104 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/06/world/americas/oscar-niemeyer-modernist-architect-of-brasilia-dies-at-104.html?_r=0 |accessdate=15 October 2016 |publisher=The New York Times |date=5 December 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721144717/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/06/world/americas/oscar-niemeyer-modernist-architect-of-brasilia-dies-at-104.html?_r=0 |archivedate=21 July 2013 |location=New York City, New York |deadurl=yes }}
• {{cite thesis|ref=harv|type=master's degree|last=Wanderley|first=Ingrid Moura|date=August 2006|title=Azulejo na arquitetura brasileira os painéis de Athos Bulcão|url=http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18141/tde-10112006-142246/publico/ingrid_exemplar_final.pdf|publisher=Universidade de São Paulo|location=São Paulo, Brasil|language=Portuguese|trans-title=Tile in the Brazilian architecture panels of Athos Bulcão}}
• {{cite web|ref={{harvid|Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural|2012}} |author= |title=Anna Maria Niemeyer |url=http://enciclopedia.itaucultural.org.br/es/pessoa101579/anna-maria-niemeyer |website=Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural |publisher=Ministério da Cultura |accessdate=15 October 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015171212/http://enciclopedia.itaucultural.org.br/es/pessoa101579/anna-maria-niemeyer |archivedate=15 October 2016 |location=São Paulo, Brazil |language=Portuguese |date=2012 |deadurl=yes }}
• {{cite web|ref={{harvid|Governo do Distrito Federal|2013}} |author= |title=A NOVACAP |url=http://www.novacap.df.gov.br/sobre-a-novacap/a-novacap.html |website=NOVACAP Distrito Federal |publisher=Governo do Distrito Federal |accessdate=15 October 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201214234/http://www.novacap.df.gov.br/sobre-a-novacap/a-novacap.html |archivedate=1 February 2013 |location=Brasilia, Brazil |language=Portuguese |date=2013 |trans-title=About NOVACAP |deadurl=yes }}
• {{cite news|ref={{harvid|Folha de São Paulo|2012}} |author= |title=Corpo de filha de Oscat Niemeyer é enterrado no Rio |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrada/1101606-corpo-de-filha-de-oscar-niemeyer-e-enterrado-no-rio.shtml |accessdate=15 October 2016 |publisher=Folha de S.Paulo |date=7 June 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073346/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrada/1101606-corpo-de-filha-de-oscar-niemeyer-e-enterrado-no-rio.shtml |archivedate=4 March 2016 |location=São Paulo, Brazil |language=Portuguese |trans-title=Body of Oscar Niemeyer's daughter is buried in Rio |deadurl=yes }}
• {{cite news|ref={{harvid|Associação Brasileira de Imprensa|2008}} |author= |title=Crônicas do centenário e genial Oscar Niemeyer |url=http://www.abi.org.br/cronicas-do-centenario-e-genial-oscar-niemeyer/ |accessdate=16 October 2016 |agency=Associação Brasileira de Imprensa (Brazilian Press Association) |date=28 October 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016184002/http://www.abi.org.br/cronicas-do-centenario-e-genial-oscar-niemeyer/ |archivedate=16 October 2016 |location=Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |language=Portuguese |trans-title=Chronicles of the centenarian and genius Oscar Niemeyer |deadurl=yes }}
• {{cite web|ref={{harvid|Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural|2016}}|author=|title=Jorge Guinle|url=http://enciclopedia.itaucultural.org.br/en/pessoa9273/jorge-guinle|website=Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural|publisher=Ministério da Cultura|accessdate=16 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016160357/http://enciclopedia.itaucultural.org.br/en/pessoa9273/jorge-guinle|archivedate=16 October 2016|location=São Paulo, Brazil|language=Portuguese|date=2016}}
• {{cite web|ref={{harvid|Prefeitura Municipal de Niterói|2011}}|author=|title=MAC de Niterói comemora 15 anos com exposição de Frans Krajcberg|url=http://www.niteroi.rj.gov.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1068:mac-de-niteroi-comemora-15-anos-com-exposicao-de-frans-krajcberg|website=Niterói Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Prefeitura Municipal de Niterói (Town Hall of the City of Niterói)|accessdate=16 October 2016|location=Niterói, Brazil|language=Portuguese|date=2011|trans-title=MAC in Niterói celebrates 15 years with exposition by Frans Krajcberg}}
• {{cite news|ref={{harvid|O Globo|2012}} |author= |title=Morre Anna Maria, filha do arquiteto Oscar Niemeyer |url=http://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/morre-anna-maria-filha-do-arquiteto-oscar-niemeyer-5137028 |accessdate=16 October 2016 |publisher=O Globo |date=7 June 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043254/http://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/morre-anna-maria-filha-do-arquiteto-oscar-niemeyer-5137028 |archivedate=4 March 2016 |location=Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |language=Portuguese |trans-title=Dead Anna Maria, daughter of the architect Oscar Niemeyer |deadurl=yes }}
• {{cite journal|ref={{harvid|ISTOÉ Dinheiro|2010}} |author= |title=Resgate histórico |url=http://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/pt/components/news/cmp-news-body/2/7/16072.inc |accessdate=16 October 2016 |journal=ISTOÉ Dinheiro |publisher=Editora Três Ltda |date=26 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016181547/http://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/pt/components/news/cmp-news-body/2/7/16072.inc |archivedate=16 October 2016 |location=Brazil |language=Portuguese |trans-title=Historical rescue |deadurl=yes }}
• {{cite web|ref={{harvid|1st Dibs|2013}}|author=|title="Rio" chaise longue by Oscar & Ana Maria Niemeyer, early production|url=https://www.1stdibs.com/furniture/seating/chaise-longues/rio-chaise-longue-oscar-ana-maria-niemeyer-early-production/id-f_985142/|website=1st Dibs|accessdate=16 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016190514/https://www.1stdibs.com/furniture/seating/chaise-longues/rio-chaise-longue-oscar-ana-maria-niemeyer-early-production/id-f_985142/|archivedate=16 October 2016|location=New York, New York|date=2013}}

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