“Annette Chalut”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Annette Chalut (née Annette Brigitte Weill; born 29 April 1924)^[1] is a French physician who was a member of the French Resistance during the Second World War.

Annette Weill was born in Paris, the daughter of Pierre Weill, a veteran of the First World War, and his wife Emma Alexandre. On the outbreak of war, Pierre became an interpreter for the British army. He was arrested in December 1941 because of his Jewish ethnicity, but was released in March 1942, on the intervention of his wife.^[2] The family decided to leave for the free region of France.^[3] At Toulouse, Annette succeeded in passing her PCB exams, the first stage in a medical qualification. Along with her father, she joined the Resistance. After a time, the Germans invaded this region of France too.

Pierre was arrested again, this time along with his daughter, and she was imprisoned at Fort de Romainville. On 13 May 1944, she was transported to Ravensbrück concentration camp. From there she was sent on to Hannover-Limmer concentration camp, which began operation in August 1944; there she was forced to work on the manufacture of gas masks.^[3] Finally she was sent to Bergen-Belsen, where she survived until the liberation of 15 April 1945.^[5] At this point she was in a poor physical state, weighing only 35 kilos;^[2] nevertheless she volunteered to remain behind to help treat those whose suffering was even greater.

After the war she got married and completed her medical qualifications. She became a general practitioner and a member of the Medico-Social Commission of the Concours national de la résistance et de la déportation.^[2] From 1992 she served as a member of the International Ravensbrück Committee, and was its president from 1999 to 2015.^[4]

In 2015 Annette Chalut returned to Ravensbrück in Germany to take a leading role in the celebrations commemorating the liberation of the concentration camp there.^[5] On 1 January 2016 she was awarded the rank of grand officier of the Légion d’honneur.^[6]

References

1. ^{{cite web| language=fr |title=Transport parti de Paris le 13 mai 1944 (I.212.) | url=http://www.bddm.org/liv/details.php?id=I.212. | website=bddm.org | publisher=Fondation pour la mémoire de la déportation | access-date=5 April 2018}}.
2. ^¹²{{cite book|language=fr |title="Annette Chalut" in Des femmes en résistance: 1939-1945 |author=Marie Rameau |place=Paris |publisher=Éditions Autrement |year=2008 |isbn=978-2-7467-1112-9 |pages=123–125}}
3. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.cndp.fr/crdp-creteil/resistance/594-cnrd-2012-rencontre-3|title=Témoignage de Annette Chalut, résistante déportée à Ravensbrück|website=Canopé Créteil|language=fr|access-date=5 April 2018}}.
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://ehrenamt-in-brandenburg.de/dr-annette-chalut-ehemalige-praesidentin-des-internationalen-ravensbrueck-komitees-mit-dem-orden-des-grand-officier-de-la-legion-dhonneur-ausgezeichnet/|language=de|title=Dr. Annette Chalut, ehemalige Präsidentin des Internationalen Ravensbrück Komitees, mit dem Orden des Grand Officier de La Légion d’Honneur ausgezeichnet|website=Land Brandenburg|date=10 March 2016|access-date=5 April 2018}}.
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/ceremonies-mark-liberation-of-2-nazi-camps-70-years-ago/|title=Ceremonies mark liberation of 2 Nazi camps 70 years ago|author=Ferdinand Ostrop|date=19 April 2015|website=The Times of Israel|access-date=5 April 2018}}.
6. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://lhistoireenrafale.lunion.fr/2016/01/01/deportation-annette-chalut-grand-officier-de-la-legion-dhonneur/|title=Déportation : Annette Chalut, grand officier de la Légion d’honneur|website=l'Histoire en rafale|language=fr|date=1 January 2016|access-date=5 April 2018}}