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词条 Annowre
释义

  1. Annowre

  2. Elergia

  3. In modern culture

  4. References

{{short description|fictional character in Thomas Malory's Le Morte d' Arthur}}Annowre (Anouwre) is an evil enchantress who desires King Arthur in Thomas Malory's Le Morte d' Arthur. Malory based her on a character from the earlier Prose Tristan, named Elergia in the Italian La Tavola Ritonda.

Annowre

As told by Thomas Malory, Lady Annowre was a great sorceress from North Wales (Norgalles), who fell in love with King Arthur and tried to seduce him when he came to Cardiff. But when she could not get Arthur to lie down and make love to her even by the means of magic, as he would remain faithful to Guinevere no matter what, she plotted his death.

Lady Annowre entices Arthur to her tower in the heart of the Perilous Forest (Forest Perilous), where every day he is forced to fight for his life. The Lady of the Lake Nimue (Nineve, Nyneve, etc.) learns of this peril. She finds Tristan (Tristram) and brings him to the tower where they arrive just in time to see two knights defeat Arthur. As Annowre is about to decapitate the king using his own sword, Tristan rushes in and kills her knights. Nimue shouts to Arthur not to let Annowre escape, and the king chases down the sorceress and unceremoniously beheads her with the same sword (in some versions, it is Tristan who cuts her head off[1][2]). Nimue then hangs Annowre's head by the hair to her saddle as a symbol of victory.[3][4][5]

Alan S. Kaufman connected Nimue's taking Annowre head to the classical legend of Medusa, whose head was taken as a trophy by Athena.[6] Patricia Monaghan considered Annowre possibly the double for Morgan.[7] According to Loreto Todd, "Annowre may be related to Aneurin, which is thought to come from Latin honorius; Annowre would thus mean 'honoured woman'."[8] Lucy Allen Paton theorized that Annowre's name might have been related to Morgain (Morgan) and Anna.[9][10]

Elergia

According to Carolyne Larrington, Malory's Annowre is the same character as Elergia from La Tavola Ritonda, who herself is "an elaboration of the anonymous sorceress in some Tristan en Prose MSS. (Löseth S74a)."[11] In Tavola Ritonda, Lady Elergia (dama Elergia) was the young and lustful daughter of Lady Escorducarla of Avalon (Vallone, here an isle in the "Sea of Soriano"), the latter of whom seems to be the same character as the "Dame d'Avalon" from the Prophecies de Merlin.[12] Escorducarla had created the marvelous castle of Great Desire (Grande Disio), decorated with an imagery of orgies,[13] for Elergia to dwell in a dark and dangerous valley within the Forest of Darnantes (Andernantes) near Camelot.

Lady Elergia finds Arthur in the forest and slips an enchanted ring on his finger, causing him to forget about Guinevere and everything else in the world and love her. More than three months later, the Lady of the Lake finally breaks the spell, sending of one her damsels to find Tristan (Tristram) and help Arthur escape. The damsel and Tristan go to the castle and by chance come upon Elergia and her four brothers just as she orders then to kill the escaping Arthur. The four knights are no match for Tristan, who slays them all. The sorceress tries to flee to her castle, but the Lady's damsel tell him to capture her and so he does. Tristan drags Elergia by her hair before Arthur, standing in front of the castle, and the king takes his sword and smites her head off, which is then taken by the Lady's damsel to Camelot. Tristan is at first shocked by Arthur's act against the maiden, believing such a deed unfitting a good king, but eventually agrees with him after hearing his story.

Arthur then tries to have her castle razed, but finds out it cannot be pulled down; according to Merlin's prophecy, as such a sinful place, that castle would stand until the end of the world, the fall of its great central tower signaling the apocalypse. Elergia's mother, who in her grief becomes the "saddest woman in the world", later obsessively plots revenge on Arthur and all the wandering knights. Escorducarla sends her lover Sir Lasancis (messer Lasancis) with an enchanted lance to trap and burn Tristan, Arthur, and the others in order to avenge her daughter's death, but Tristan defeats him.[14][15][16][17] That story is also told in the poem Cantare di Lasancis.[18]

In modern culture

  • Annowre appears in Clemence Housman's The Life of Sir Aglovale de Galis, the evil Sir Durnor "engaged one Annowre, a noted enchantress, to turn Aglovale from his joyless ways," in which she failed; Aglovale recounts spending a hard night with "the whore Annowre" against his will. Later, Percivale tells the joyous news of "King Arthur's coming to Cardiff on adventure, and of his ending of the wicked Annowre."[19]
  • Nimue mentions her saving of Arthur from "that poor, love-crazed enchantress Annowre" in Phyllis Ann Karr's The Idylls of the Queen: A Tale of Queen Guenevere, in which Morgan also counts Annowre among her "old cohorts".

References

1. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=mPqfNFQcVksC&pg=PA251|title=Magic and the Supernatural in Medieval English Romance|last=Saunders|first=Corinne J.|date=2010|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|isbn=9781843842217|language=en}}
2. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.pl/books?id=qzZ1AAAAMAAJ|title=Repetition of episodes in Malory's Morte d'Arthur|last=Goble|first=Wendy Coleman|date=1970|publisher=University of Wisconsin--Madison|language=en}}
3. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=JN5OAAAAcAAJ|title=The History of the Renowned Prince Arthur: King of Britain; with His Life and Death, and All His Glorious Battles. Likewise, the Noble Acts and Heroic Deeds of His Valiant Knights of the Round Table|last=Malory|first=Sir Thomas|date=1816|publisher=Walker and Edwards|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=|language=en}}
4. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=q9cWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA148|title=Popular Romances of the Middle Ages|last=Cox|first=George William|last2=Jones|first2=Eustace Hinton|date=1871|publisher=Longmans, Green, and Company|language=en}}
5. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=vi1ACwAAQBAJ&pg=PT263|title=Arthurian Women: A Casebook|last=Fenster|first=Thelma S.|last2=Lacy|first2=Norris J.|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781134817467|language=en}}
6. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=cj3OAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|title=A Quest of Her Own: Essays on the Female Hero in Modern Fantasy|last=Campbell|first=Lori M.|date=2014|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9780786477661|language=en}}
7. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=nd9R6GQBB_0C&pg=PA20|title=The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore|last=Monaghan|first=Patricia|date=2014|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=9781438110370|language=en}}
8. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=WmdYGbC1m5QC|title=Celtic Names for Children|last=Todd|first=Loreto|date=2000|publisher=O'Brien|isbn=9780862786762|language=en}}
9. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=_81kAAAAMAAJ|title=Studies in the Fairy Mythology of Arthurian Romance|last=Paton|first=Lucy Allen|date=1903|publisher=Ginn|language=en}}
10. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=VxHVAAAAMAAJ|title=ZFSL, Zeitschrift für französische Sprache und Literatur|date=1926|publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag|language=de}}
11. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=s6ubBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA214|title=King Arthur's Enchantresses: Morgan and Her Sisters in Arthurian Tradition|last=Larrington|first=Carolyne|date=2014|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=9781784530419|language=en}}
12. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=Y_ZYAAAAMAAJ|title=Biblioteca dell'"Archivum romanicum.": Storia, letteratura, paleografia|last=Bertoni|first=Giulio|date=1984|publisher=L. S. Olschki|language=it}}
13. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.academia.edu/15318827/La_Tavola_Ritonda_tra_intrattenimento_ed_enciclopedismo_Roma_Sapienza_Universit%C3%A0_Editrice_2015|title=La Tavola Ritonda tra intrattenimento ed enciclopedismo, Roma, Sapienza Università Editrice, 2015|last=Murgia|first=Giulia|language=en}}
14. ^{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/latavolaritonda01bancgoog|title=La Tavola ritonda|last=Polidori|first=Filippo Luigi|last2=Banchi|first2=Luciano|date=1864|publisher=Bologna, G. Romagnoli|others=Harvard University}}
15. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=XZFbczeMtYcC&pg=PA163|title=The Arthurian Name Dictionary|last=Bruce|first=Christopher W.|date=1999|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9780815328650|language=en}}
16. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=yeJbAAAAMAAJ|title=Chevaliers errants, demoiselles et l'Autre: höfische und nachhöfische Literatur im europäischen Mittelalter : Festschrift für Xenja von Ertzdorff zum 65. Geburstag|last=Ertzdorff|first=Xenja von|last2=Ehlert|first2=Trude|date=1998|publisher=Kümmerle|isbn=9783874528900|language=de}}
17. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=xVWBAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA216|title=Tristan and Isolde: A Casebook|last=Grimbert|first=Joan Tasker|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136745584|language=en}}
18. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=P2GuBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|title=The Arthur of the Italians: The Arthurian Legend in Medieval Italian Literature and Culture|date=2014|publisher=University of Wales Press|language=en}}
19. ^{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofsiragloval00housiala|title=The Life of Sir Aglovale de Galis|last=Housman|first=Clemence|date=1905|publisher=London : Methuen|others=University of California Libraries|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
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5 : Arthurian characters|Female characters in literature|Fictional characters who use magic|Fictional witches|Witchcraft in folklore and mythology
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