| 词条 | Anoplognathus chloropyrus |
| 释义 |
| name = Anoplognatus chloropyrus | image = Anoplognathus chloropyrus.jpg | image_width = 240px | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Coleoptera | subordo = Polyphaga | superfamilia = Scarabaeoidea | familia = Scarabaeidae | genus = Anoplognathus | species = A. chloropyrus | binomial = Anoplognathus chloropyrus | binomial_authority = (Drapiez, 1819) | synonyms =
}}Anoplognathus chloropyrus, commonly known as the brown- or golden-brown Christmas beetle, is a beetle of the family Scarabaeidae native to eastern Australia,[1] being common in coastal Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria, the Great Dividing Range and the Murray-Darling river basin.[2] HistoryBelgian naturalist Auguste Drapiez described the species in 1819 as Rutela chloropyra, reporting that it was found in summer in Australia.[3] The species name is derived from the Ancient Greek words chloros "pale green" and pyros, "fire" or "wheat".[4] French naturalist Jean Baptiste Boisduval described Anoplognathus nitidulus in 1835. The latter name was recognized as the same species as the former and hence made a synonym by William John Macleay in 1873.[5] The species name was misspelt chloropygus by Ohaus in a 1918 catalogue and picked up by many authors.[6] DescriptionAs its name suggests, the golden-brown Christmas beetle is a yellow- or biscuit-brown with a green or gold-red sheen. The abdomen and thorax are green with white hairs.[6] The adult male is 19–23 mm long, while the female is 21–26 mm long.[6] Feeding and relationship with humansLike many of its relatives, the brown Christmas beetle has large strong jaws capable of chewing tough eucalypt leaves to the point of defoliating stands of trees, which can impact plantations.[9] It is an economically important pest of eucalypt plantations in Victoria,[6] and New South Wales. In particular it feeds on Tasmanian blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus), manna gum (E. viminalis), shining gum (E. nitens), flooded gum (E. grandis),[7] white gum (E. dunnii),[12] mountain white gum (E. dalrympleana) and broad-leaved peppermint (E. dives).[8] It rarely eats Sydney blue gum (E. saligna), and ignores blackbutt (E. pilularis). Fieldwork in Coffs Harbour showed that brown Christmas beetle generally fed on leaves of intermediate age, avoiding new growth and old leaves, and trees of 2.5 m height and taller.[9] Clones of E. grandis have been selected and bred on the basis of unpalatability to this species to minimise damage to plantations.[10] References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/taxa/Anoplognathus_chloropyrus| title=Species Anoplognathus chloropyrus (Drapiez, 1819) |last=Australian Biological Resources Study|date=14 October 2013|work=Australian Faunal Directory|publisher=Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government|accessdate=15 December 2015|location=Canberra, Australian Capital Territory}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q2852316}}2. ^{{cite book|author1=Hangay, George |author2=Zborowski, Paul |title=A Guide to the Beetles of Australia|publisher=CSIRO Publishing|location=Collingwood, Victoria|year=2010|page=99 |isbn=0-643-10193-4|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=7RHvHyBf-p4C&pg=PA99}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last=Drapiez|first=Auguste|date=1819|title=Description de huit espèces d'insectes nouveaux|journal=Annales Generales des Sciences physiques |volume=2|pages=42–50 [44–45]|url=https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_IdEWAQAAIAAJ#page/n51/mode/2up}} 4. ^{{cite book | author = Liddell, Henry George and Robert Scott | year = 1980 | title = A Greek-English Lexicon (Abridged Edition) | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = United Kingdom | isbn =0-19-910207-4 | pages=619, 785}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last=Macleay|first=William John|date=1873|title=Miscellanea entomologica|journal=Transactions of the Entomological Society of New South Wales |volume=2|pages=319–70 [355]|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16220652}} 6. ^{{cite journal|last=Neumann|first=F.G.|date=1993|title=Insect pest problems of eucalypt plantations in Australia 3. Victoria|journal=Australian Forestry|volume=56|issue=4|pages=370–74|doi=10.1080/00049158.1993.10674628}} 7. ^{{cite journal|last=Stone|first=C.|date=1993|title=Insect pest problems of eucalypt plantations in Australia 2. New South Wales|journal=Australian Forestry|volume=56|issue=4|pages=363–69|doi=10.1080/00049158.1993.10674627}} 8. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|last=Carne|first=P.B.|date=1957|title=A revision of the ruteline genus Anoplognathus Leach (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)|journal=Australian Journal of Zoology|volume=5|issue=1|pages=88–144 | doi=10.1071/ZO9570088 }} 9. ^1 {{cite journal|author1=Carne, P.B. |author2=Greaves, R.T.G. |author3=McInnes, R.S. |date=1974|title= Insect Damage to Plantation-grown Eucalypts in North Coastal New South Wales, with Particular Reference to Christmas beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) |journal = Australian Journal of Entomology | volume = 13|issue=3| pages=189–206 | doi = 10.1111/j.1440-6055.1974.tb02173.x}} 10. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Johns, Caitlin V. |author2=Stone, Christine |author3=Hughes, Lesley |year=2004|title= Feeding preferences of the Christmas beetle Anoplognathus chloropyrus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and four paropsine species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on selected Eucalyptus grandis clonal foliage |journal= Australian Forestry |volume= 67| issue= 3 |pages= 184–90 | doi=10.1080/00049158.2004.10674932 | url=http://svc043.wic023v.server-web.com/pdf/pdf-members/afj/AFJ%202004%20v67/AFJ%20September%202004%2067-3/AFJ67%283%29%20sep2004-Johns.pdf}} 3 : Scarabaeidae|Beetles described in 1819|Beetles of Australia |
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