“Anti-Somali sentiment”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Anti-Somali sentiment refers to the existence of hostility against Somalis, or their culture.

Terminology

Anti-Somali sentiment is sometimes referred to by the countable sense Somaliphobe or the uncountable sense of Somaliphobia^[1], or Somaliphobic sentiment.^[2] The antonym and opposite sentiment is referred to by the countable sense Somaliphile, or its uncountable equivalent of Somaliphilia.^[3]

Scope

The Aughties and early 2010s saw a major sporadic outbreaks of violence against Somali shopkeepers in South Africa. This violence has been attributed to jealousy over the success of Somalis businesses, ethnic tensions.^[4] However, some writers have attributed such hostility to a wider xenophobia, since other non-South Africa Africans were targeted as well.^[2] Somaliphobia has also been reported in Kenya during their invasion into Jubbaland in 2011.^[1] Anti-Somali sentiment is sometimes expressed in the context of anti-immigration sentiment.^[5].^[6] U.S. president Donald Trump's rhetoric regarding Somalis have been described as Somaliphobic.^[7]

Anti-Somali sentiments sometimes overlap with Islamophobic sentiments. On Oct. 30, 2015, Asma Jama (a Muslim woman of Somali descent and Kenyan nationality) was beaten for speaking Swahili in an Applebee's in the outskirts of Minneapolis. The perpetrator for that violence was charged with third-degree assault. On June 2016, two Somalis were shot after wearing their traditional clothing.^[8] A week prior to the shooting, a Somali halal shop in the city was vandalized.^[9] Minneapolis City Council member Abdi Warsame discussed anti-Somali sentiments in the aftermath of the shooting of Justine Damond by a Somali police officer.^[10]

Abusiveness

There are also some pejorative terms that serve to dehumanize Somalis. The term skinnie became popularized with the film Black Hawk Down. The term has been said to allude to reducing Somalis to their humanitarian struggles^[11] and National Public Radio has suggested that its usage deprives Somalis of their own point of view.^[12] The term Abdi is also sometimes pejoratively used to refer to male Somalis.^[13] The Associated Press's stylebook suggested that Somali is the correct demonym or adjective rather than Somalian.^[14]

References

1. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/11/19/142530740/tension-runs-high-in-kenyas-little-mogadishu|title=Tension Runs High In Kenya's 'Little Mogadishu'|publisher=}}
2. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article55708|title=Does South Africa black-phobic blacks suffer inferiority complex? - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan|website=www.sudantribune.com}}
3. ^The Road to Hell, Michael Maren, 2009
4. ^Charman, Andrew, and Laurence Piper. "Xenophobia, criminality and violent entrepreneurship: violence against Somali shopkeepers in Delft South, Cape Town, South Africa." South African Review of Sociology 43.3 (2012): 81-105.
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wctrib.com/news/education/4375574-integration-center-coffee-encourages-communication|title=Integration Center coffee encourages communication|publisher=}}
6. ^https://muslimlink.ca/voices/mogadishu-attack-somalia-ahmed-hussen-farhia-ahmed-somali-canadian-ottawa
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/minnesota-elects-first-female-somali-american-lawmaker/3591350.html|title=Minnesota Elects First Female Somali American Lawmaker|publisher=}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2016/07/25/shooting-minneapolis-somali-anthony-sawina/|title=Lauderdale Man Charged In Alleged 'Hate Crime' Shootings|last=|first=|date=July 25, 2016|website=CBS News|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=15 May 2017}}
9. ^{{Cite news|url=https://mic.com/articles/147640/2-muslim-men-were-shot-near-minneapolis-mosque-police-are-investigating-as-hate-crime#.KHsVINeYv|title=2 Muslim Men Were Shot Near Minneapolis Mosque, Police Are Investigating as Hate Crime|last=Harvard|first=Sarah A.|date=1 July 2016|work=Mic|access-date=15 May 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.startribune.com/warsame-blasts-anti-somali-rhetoric-in-wake-of-damond-shooting/436190813/|title=Warsame blasts anti-Somali rhetoric in wake of Damond shooting.|publisher=}}
11. ^Behnke, Andreas. "The re-enchantment of war in popular culture." Millennium 34.3 (2006): 937-949.
12. ^Jacobson, Harlan. "Bad day at black rock." Film Comment 38.1 (2002): 28.
13. ^Phoenix, Aisha. "Somali young women and hierarchies of belonging." Young 19.3 (2011): 313-331.
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/apstylebook/status/776505681037975556?lang=en|title=AP Stylebook on Twitter|publisher=}}