| 词条 | Wallangarra, Queensland |
| 释义 |
| type = town | name = Wallangarra | state = qld | image = Wallangarra (1).JPG | caption = Border "gates" at Wallangarra | image_alt = | relief = | coordinates = {{coord|28|54|0|S|151|56|0|E|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_label_position = left | map_alt = | pop = 385 | pop_year = {{CensusAU|2006}} | pop_footnotes = [1] | poprank = | density = | density_footnotes = | established = 1885 | established_footnotes = | abolished = | gazetted = | postcode = 4383 | elevation = | elevation_footnotes = | area = | area_footnotes = | timezone = | utc = | timezone-dst = | utc-dst = | dist1 = 256 | dir1 = SW | location1 = Brisbane | dist2 = 98 | dir2 = S | location2 = Warwick | dist3 = 37 | dir3 = S | location3 = Stanthorpe | dist4 = 18 | dir4 = NW | location4 = Tenterfield (NSW) | lga = Southern Downs Region | region = | county = Bentinck | parish = Tenterfield | stategov = Southern Downs | fedgov = Maranoa | url = | maxtemp = | maxtemp_footnotes = | mintemp = | mintemp_footnotes = | rainfall = | rainfall_footnotes = | near-n = Wyberba | near-ne = Girraween | near-e = New South Wales | near-se = New South Wales | near-s = New South Wales | near-sw = Ballandean | near-w = Ballandean | near-nw = Ballandean | near = | footnotes = }}Wallangarra is a town and locality in the Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia.[2][1] It is the third most southerly town in Queensland, {{convert|258|km|mi}} south west of Brisbane. Wallangarra is on the Queensland side of the border and Jennings is on the New South Wales side. At the {{CensusAU|2006}}, Wallangarra had a population of 385.[2] In 1885, the Queensland Government announced that a town would be formed where the railway line between Queensland and New South Wales would meet. On 29 June 1885, 179 lots were offered for sale at {{convert|8|£/acre}}.[3] GeographyWallangarra lies in a valley between two ranges of mountains, which are branches of the Great Dividing Range. It is 878 m above sea level. There is a gap between the more Westerly range at Wyberba, about five kilometres north of Wallangarra. This gap has made Wallangarra the major inland border crossing for the New England Highway and what was the first railway line between Brisbane and Sydney. ClimateWallangarra is one of the coldest towns in Queensland, due to its altitude and extreme southerly location in the state. Maximum temperatures rarely rise above {{convert|15|°C|0|abbr=on}} in winter or above {{convert|30|°C|0|abbr=on}} in summer. Wallangarra holds the record for the lowest maximum temperature in Queensland, {{convert|2.4|°C|0|abbr=on}} on 3 July 1984.[4] Despite this, minimum temperatures are not as low due to local geographic variations, and towns well to the north such as Warwick and Oakey frequently record lower minimums. {{Weather box |location = Wallangarra Post Office |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 36.2 |Feb record high C = 34.3 |Mar record high C = 31.7 |Apr record high C = 34.5 |May record high C = 24.5 |Jun record high C = 20.7 |Jul record high C = 20.4 |Aug record high C = 25.9 |Sep record high C = 28.1 |Oct record high C = 32.6 |Nov record high C = 35.0 |Dec record high C = 36.0 |year record high C = 36.2 |Jan high C = 26.6 |Feb high C = 25.4 |Mar high C = 24.1 |Apr high C = 21.1 |May high C = 17.5 |Jun high C = 14.5 |Jul high C = 13.9 |Aug high C = 15.3 |Sep high C = 18.4 |Oct high C = 21.5 |Nov high C = 24.3 |Dec high C = 26.6 |year high C = 20.8 |Jan low C = 14.7 |Feb low C = 14.7 |Mar low C = 13.1 |Apr low C = 9.3 |May low C = 5.7 |Jun low C = 3.0 |Jul low C = 2.0 |Aug low C = 2.7 |Sep low C = 5.2 |Oct low C = 8.3 |Nov low C = 11.0 |Dec low C = 13.3 |year low C = 8.6 |Jan record low C = 7.7 |Feb record low C = 6.1 |Mar record low C = 3.0 |Apr record low C = -1.5 |May record low C = -3.7 |Jun record low C = -5.6 |Jul record low C = -5.1 |Aug record low C = -4.5 |Sep record low C = -3.7 |Oct record low C = -2.7 |Nov record low C = 1.7 |Dec record low C = 5.4 |year record low C = -5.6 |Jan rain mm = 101.7 |Feb rain mm = 85.4 |Mar rain mm = 68.2 |Apr rain mm = 38.2 |May rain mm = 44.7 |Jun rain mm = 47.5 |Jul rain mm = 50.4 |Aug rain mm = 40.6 |Sep rain mm = 47.8 |Oct rain mm = 75.6 |Nov rain mm = 81.1 |Dec rain mm = 99.8 |Jan rain days = 9.3 |Feb rain days = 8.8 |Mar rain days = 8.0 |Apr rain days = 6.1 |May rain days = 6.6 |Jun rain days = 6.9 |Jul rain days = 6.8 |Aug rain days = 6.3 |Sep rain days = 6.4 |Oct rain days = 8.0 |Nov rain days = 8.7 |Dec rain days = 9.6 |unit rain days = 0.2mm |source 1 = Bureau of Meteorology[4] |date=January 2014}} HistoryThe town was created to service a break-of-gauge between Queensland's narrow gauge Southern railway line of {{RailGauge|3ft6in}} and New South Wales's standard gauge Main North railway line of {{RailGauge|56.5in}} when the two systems came together in 1888.[5] The railway station was named Wallan-garra (and remains so to this day officially)[6] and the town took its name from the station but used the spelling Wallangarra (with most people using the same spelling for the railway station).[7] The railway was the only rail link between Queensland and New South Wales until a standard gauge track was completed via Kyogle in 1930, with the completion of the bridge over the Clarence River at Grafton. From that time on, the Wallangarra railway station lessened in importance. Scheduled rail services ended in 1997.[8] In 2003, after major refurbishment, the station was reopened as a museum. The railway line from Stanthorpe to Wallangarra has continued to be maintained and steam trains taking tourists to Wallangarra occasionally operate. Despite being declared as Wallangarra, the station itself has the Queensland name boards hyphenated as Wallan-Garra.[9] {{s-rail-start|noclear=yes}}{{s-rail|title=NSW Main lines}}{{s-line|system=NSW Country lines|line=North|previous=|next=Sunnyside}}{{end}}Heritage listingsWallangarra has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
Army stores depotDuring World War II, the Commonwealth Government created a general army store on the Queensland side of the border, and an ammunition dump on the New South Wales side. Dual gauge tracks were run to each store. Access to the army stores was via Margetts St, one of the main roads in the town. The late Muriel Daphne Verdun Nicolson lived at 30 Margetts St from before WWII until her death in 2001. During WWII she reported that the flow of trucks and materiel went on all day and night. As of 2013, the Wallangarra Stores Depot remained a major Australian Army logistics facility. It is used to store a wide range of engineering and general equipment, clothing, and tents. Bulk fuel storage handling apparatus are also held at the site.[11] The munitions storage facility is also still active in Jennings.[12] Riverina Stock FeedsTaking advantage of the rail junction Riverina Stock Feeds operated a packing plant opposite the Wallangarra railway station for many years until 1995. After that it moved to Warwick, a city {{convert|100|km|mi}} to the north. Warwick also has a major Woolworths warehouse. The Chairman of Woolworths who located the warehouse at Warwick grew up in Wallangarra. AbattoirsThe Anderson Meat Packing Company was restarted by Mr. A.W. Anderson[13] in 1938 after a 15-month closure.[14] Until 1982 it operated a large beef abattoir at Wallangarra. Anderson's employed in excess of 400 workers at the Wallangarra plant. The plant was located on the border so as to take advantage of rail lines from both Queensland and NSW. After this closed the town's future looked dim. Ten years later, Thomas Foods International opened Australia's largest mutton works opened on a new site just to the east of the town. The mutton produced is Halal, and most of it is exported to Arab countries. The abattoir shut down in July 2016 for "the short to medium term" blaming low stock numbers and poor global trading conditions.[15] Wallangarra DamDrive out along Margetts St, over the railway bridge, past the Rugby League grounds and out past the army. From there follow Old Paling Yard Road up the foothills of Mt Norman. There you will find a water treatment plant and a road branch to the left going down to Beehive dam. Beehive dam is in the mountains, and fed by a spring. It is a beautiful place for a picnic. AttractionsWallangarra is situated on the picturesque Granite Belt, and is bounded by Sundown National Park to the West and Girraween National Park to the East. FacilitiesThe Wallangarra cemetery is in McCall Street. The Wallangarra branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association has its rooms at 52 Rockwell Street.[16] Notable former residentsRugby league legend Billy Moore lived in Wallangarra as a child. He is best known for playing for the North Sydney Bears and the Queensland State of Origin team. He was born in Tenterfield, New South Wales as this was the closest hospital.[17]References1. ^{{cite QPN|49846|Wallangarra|locality|accessdate=12 May 2017}} 2. ^1 {{Census 2006 AUS|id=UCL358600|name=Wallangarra (L) (Urban Centre/Locality)|accessdate=25 July 2009|quick=on}} 3. ^Stokes, I.M., The History of the Wallangarra Meatworks, The Tenterfield Star, 23 October 1967. 4. ^1 {{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_041116_All|site_name=Wallangarra Post Office|accessdate=13 January 2014|date=January 2014}} 5. ^The Centenary of the Southern Line Kerr, J.D. Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, December 1970 pp261-291 6. ^{{Cite QPN|36316|Wallan-Garra|railway station|accessdate=12 May 2017}} 7. ^1 {{Cite QPN|36315|Wallangarra|town|accessdate=12 May 2017}} 8. ^The Last Years of the Warwick/Wallangarra Mails Milne, Rod Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, July 1995 pp179-189 9. ^{{cite web|title=Heritage Register|url=http://heritage-register.ehp.qld.gov.au/placeDetail.html?siteId=16006|accessdate=20 September 2014}} 10. ^{{cite QHR|16006|Wallangarra Railway Station and Complex|601242|accessdate=13 July 2013}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Wallangarra Stores Depot, Queensland|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/id/_Master/docs/NCRP/QLD/0241WallangarraStoresDepotQLD.pdf|publisher=Department of Defence|accessdate=18 July 2015|date=1 October 2013}} 12. ^{{cite web|last1=Australian National Audit Office|title=Management of the Explosive Ordnance Services Contract|url=http://www.anao.gov.au/~/media/Uploads/Audit%20Reports/2010%2011/201011%20Audit%20Report%20No%2040.pdf|publisher=Australian National Audit Office|accessdate=18 July 2015|page=63|date=2011}} 13. ^{{cite web|last1=Maistre|first1=Barbara Le|title=Anderson, Alfred William (1888–1956)|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/anderson-alfred-william-9350|website=Australian Dictionary of Biography|publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|accessdate=26 February 2017}} 14. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article190545703 |title=TO REOPEN |newspaper=Warwick Daily News |issue=5823 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=19 March 1938 |accessdate=26 February 2017 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}} 15. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-05/wallangarra-abattoir-set-to-close/7569054|title=Stock shortages blamed for imminent sheep abattoir closure|date=2016-07-05|work=ABC Rural|access-date=2017-02-26|language=en-AU}} 16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.qcwa.org.au/branch-locations/|title=Branch locations|last=|first=|date=|website=Queensland Country Women's Association|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226010724/http://www.qcwa.org.au/branch-locations/|archive-date=26 December 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=26 December 2018}} 17. ^{{cite news|first=Anthony|last=Sharwood|title=Why Queensland care more, and NSW couldn't care less|url=http://www.thepunch.com.au/articles/why-queensland-care-more-and-nsw-couldnt-care-less/|publisher=The Punch|date=15 June 2011|accessdate=24 August 2011}} External links{{commons category|Wallangarra, Queensland}}
7 : Towns in Queensland|Towns in the Darling Downs|Southern Downs Region|1885 establishments in Australia|Populated places established in 1885|Queensland in World War II|Wallangarra, Queensland |
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