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词条 Walled villages of Hong Kong
释义

  1. History

  2. Names

  3. Features

  4. Notable walled villages

     Kat Hing Wai  Tsang Tai Uk  Sheung Shui Wai  Fanling Wai  Nga Tsin Wai Tsuen 

  5. List of walled villages

     North District  Sha Tin District  Tai Po District  Tsuen Wan District  Tuen Mun District  Wong Tai Sin District  Yuen Long District 

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. External links

{{Short description|Housing structure found in Hong Kong}}{{EngvarB|date=July 2014}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}

Once common throughout China, walled villages can still be found in southern China and Hong Kong. Most of the walled villages of Hong Kong[1] are located in the New Territories.

{{TOC limit|2}}

History

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the shore of Guangdong suffered from pirates, and the area of Hong Kong was particularly vulnerable to pirates' attacks. Winding shores, hilly lands and islands and far from administrative centres made Hong Kong an excellent hideout for pirates. Villages, both Punti and Hakka, built walls against them. Some villages even protected themselves with cannons.

Over time, the walls of most walled villages have been partly or totally demolished.

Names

In Punti Cantonese, Wai ({{zh|t=圍|labels=no}}, Walled) and Tsuen ({{zh|t=村|labels=no}}, Village) were once synonyms, hence most place names which include the word 'wai', were at some point in time a walled village.

Features

Walled villages in Hong Kong are characterised by row houses arranged in a square or rectangular block, where the parallel rows of houses are separated by narrow lanes.[2]

Notable walled villages

Kat Hing Wai

{{main|Kat Hing Wai}}

Kat Hing Wai ({{zh|t=吉慶圍|labels=no}}) is a noted Punti walled village in Yuen Long District of Hong Kong.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} It often mistakenly believed to be Hakka, whose people have similar traditions.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} However the Punti people were from Southern China and the first to settle in Hong Kong. Kat Hing Wai's residents speak Cantonese, rather than Hakka.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} Popularly known as Kam Tin, from the name of the area, it is home to about 400 descendants of the Tang Clan, who built the village back in the 17th century.

Kat Hing Wai is a rectangular (100 m x 90 m) walled village. As a family stronghold, Kat Hing Wai has served the Tangs well through the centuries, protecting the residents against bandits, rival clans, and wild tigers. In the Qing Dynasty, a five-metre high blue brick wall and four cannon towers were added to defend against bandits. Today, the village is still completely surrounded by 18-inch-thick walls,{{citation needed|date=January 2011}} outside which are the remains of a moat. However, most houses within the walls have been rebuilt in recent years. There is only one narrow entrance, with a pair of iron gates.

Tsang Tai Uk

{{main|Tsang Tai Uk}}

Tsang Tai Uk ({{zh|t=曾大屋|labels=no}}), also known as Shan Ha Wai, is another well-known Hakka walled village in Hong Kong, and one of the best preserved. It is located in Sha Tin, close to the south of the Pok Hong Estate, not far from the Lion Rock Tunnel Road. Built as a stronghold for the Tsang Clan, its construction started in 1847 and took around 20 years to complete. The village is built with granite, grey bricks and solid timber.

Sheung Shui Wai

{{main|Sheung Shui Wai}}

Sheung Shui Wai ({{zh|t=上水圍|labels=no}}), also known as Sheung Shui Heung ({{zh|t=上水鄉|labels=no}}), is one of the very few rural settlements having retained its original moat which was built in 1646. Characterized by its magnificent moat and landscape setting, the walled village is the core of the Liu clan, of which ancestors came originally from Fujian during the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368). The village is located in Sheung Shui.

Fanling Wai

{{main|Fanling Wai}}

Fanling Wai ({{zh|t=粉嶺圍|labels=no}}) is a walled village in Fanling built by the Pang ({{zh|t=彭|labels=no}}) Clan. It is recognisable with the distinctive pond and layout including features such as cannons and watchtowers. All these elements were crafted to form an integral part of the village setting. Fanling Wai is the centre of the Pang Clan who arrived in Hong Kong late in the Song Dynasty.[3]

Nga Tsin Wai Tsuen

{{main|Nga Tsin Wai Tsuen}}

Nga Tsin Wai Tsuen ({{zh|t=衙前圍村|labels=no}}) is a walled village in Wong Tai Sin, New Kowloon. It is the only walled village left in the urban built-up areas of Hong Kong. Nga Tsin Wai Tsuen is also the only remaining walled village in Kowloon. It is located near San Po Kong. On 18 July 2007, the government announced its plans to redevelop Nga Tsin Wai Tsuen.[4]

List of walled villages

Remaining walled villages in Hong Kong include:

North District

NameAlternate name Area Notes Photo Coordinates
References
Fanling WaiFanling(see "Notable walled villages" above)22.4975|114.1353|name=Fanling Wai}}
({{zh>t=老圍|labels=no}})FanlingOne of the "Five Wais" of Lung Yeuk Tau.[5]22.497808|114.151892|name=Lo Wai}}
({{zh>t=麻笏圍|labels=no}})[6][7]t=鬱蔥圍|labels=no}}FanlingOne of the "Five Wais" of Lung Yeuk Tau.[5]22.499027|114.149998|name=Ma Wat Wai}}
({{zh>t=永寧圍|labels=no}})[8]t=六屋|labels=no}}FanlingOne of the "Five Wais" of Lung Yeuk Tau.[5]22.501585|114.150191|name=Wing Ning Wai}}
({{zh>t=東閣圍|labels=no}})[9]({{zh>t=嶺角圍|labels=no}})[5]FanlingOne of the "Five Wais" of Lung Yeuk Tau.[5]22.500589|114.153543|name=Tung Kok Wai}}
({{zh>t=新圍|labels=no}})({{zh>t=覲龍圍|labels=no}})[10][11][12]FanlingOne of the "Five Wais" of Lung Yeuk Tau.[5]22.507121|114.14842|name=San Wai}}
({{zh>t=孔嶺|labels=no}})FanlingThe Hung Shing Temple of Hung Leng was probably built in 1763. It is the centre of the Four Yeuk (four villages alliance), namely Loi Tung, Lung Yeuk Tau, Lin Ma Hang and Tan Chuk Hang.[13]22.514732|114.167813|name=Hung Leng}}
({{zh>t=丹竹坑老圍|labels=no}})Fanlingt=丹竹坑|labels=no}}) village.[14]22.513414|114.175723|name=Tan Chuk Hang Lo Wai}}

12.2f-14 - 12.2f-39
({{zh>t=新屋仔|labels=no}})({{zh>t=丹竹坑新屋仔|labels=no}})[14]FanlingSan Uk Tsai was probably established before 1688.[14]22.510144|114.179228|name=San Uk Tsai}}

12.2f-22 - 12.2f-41
({{zh>t=圍內村|labels=no}})({{zh>t=上水圍|labels=no}})Sheung ShuiWai Loi Tsuen is the original settlement of Sheung Shui Wai,[15] with its construction completed around 1584.[16] It is one of the very few rural settlements having retained its original moat.[17] The wall and the moat around Wai Loi Tsuen were constructed between 1646 and 1647.[18] The village contains renovated Tin Hau and a Hung Shing temples.[19]22.509757|114.122589|name=Wai Loi Tsuen (Sheung Shui Wai)}}
({{zh>t=大頭嶺|labels=no}})Sheung Shui22.50216|114.122628|name=Tai Tau Leng}}
({{zh>t=松柏塱村|labels=no}})Sheung Shui22.504003|114.118573|name=Tsung Pak Long Tsuen}}
({{zh>t=客家圍|labels=no}})Sheung Shui22.503121|114.11905|name=Hakka Wai}}
({{zh>t=河上鄉老圍|labels=no}})({{zh>t=北邊圍|labels=no}})Sheung ShuiThere are four villages in Ho Sheung Heung, namely Nam Pin Wai, Pak Pin Wai, Chung Sum Tsuen and Chung Wai Tsuen (San Tsuen).[20]22.510704|114.108594|name=Ho Sheung Heung}}
({{zh>t=河上鄉南邊圍|labels=no}})Sheung Shui
({{zh>t=丙崗|labels=no}})Sheung ShuiThe village has a Tin Hau Temple.[21]22.490513|114.122497|name=Ping Kong}}

 
({{zh>t=蕉徑老圍|labels=no}})Sheung Shui22.477201|114.105811|name=Tsiu Keng Lo Wai}}
({{zh>t=木湖|labels=no}})Ta Kwu Ling22.539359|114.1331|name=Muk Wu}}
({{zh>t=麻雀嶺|labels=no}})Sha Tau Kok22.533473|114.199946|name=Ma Tseuk Leng}}
({{zh>t=萬屋邊|labels=no}})Sha Tau Kok22.526382|114.184367|name=Man Uk Pin}}
({{zh>t=禾坑|labels=no}})({{zh>t=上禾坑|labels=no}})Sha Tau Kok22.523672|114.195193|name=Sheung Wo Hang}}
({{zh>t=荔枝窩|labels=no}})Sha Tau Kok22.526811|114.259333|name=Lai Chi Wo}}
({{zh>t=谷埔老圍|labels=no}})Sha Tau Kok22.528632|114.238294|name=Kuk Po Lo Wai}}

Sha Tin District

NameAlternate name Area Notes Photo Coordinates
References
({{zh>t=曾大屋|labels=no}})({{zh>t=山下圍|labels=no}})Sha Tin(see "Notable walled villages" above)22.3738|114.1906|name=Tsang Tai Uk}}
({{zh>t=積存圍|labels=no}})({{zh>t=大圍|labels=no}})Tai Wai22.376275|114.178783|name=Tai Wai}}
({{zh>t=田心圍|labels=no}})Tai Wai[22]Tin Sam Wai was founded in the late Ming dynasty as a Punti walled village.[22] A moat was built for its protection, and was later filled up and used as a fish pond. Historic buildings in the village include the Choi Ancestral Hall, built around the 1920s, the Leung Ancestral Hall, largely rebuilt,[23][24] the Liu Ancestral Hall, and the Entrance Gate, built during the Qing dynasty.[25] Two rectangular holes are above the front doorways of the Gate for feng shui benefit and for security watching.[26]22.369298|114.177826|name=Tin Sam Wai}}

Tai Po District

NameAlternate name Area Notes Photo Coordinates
References
({{zh>t=泮涌|labels=no}})Tai PoA multi-clan village.22.445308|N|114.165748|E|name=Pan Chung}}

    [https://web.archive.org/web/20121015135424/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/Brief_Information_on_proposed_Grade_Nil_Items.pdf #1403]

({{zh>t=大埔頭水圍|labels=no}})({{zh>t=大埔頭老圍|labels=no}})Tai Wo22.452524|114.157438|name=Tai Po Tau Shui Wai}}
({{zh>t=中心圍|labels=no}})({{zh>t=青磚圍|labels=no}})Tai Hang22.469228|114.149808|name=Chung Sum Wai}}
({{zh>t=灰沙圍|labels=no}})Tai HangThe walls of Fui Sha Wai were built by the local villagers in the mid-Ming dynasty. Four watchtowers were built in each corner for fortification. Nowadays, Fui Sha Wai still remains as a village exclusively for the Man clan.22.469915|114.151535|name=Fui Sha Wai}}
({{zh>t=梧桐寨|labels=no}})Lam Tsuen22.437389|N|114.127917|E|name=Ng Tung Chai}}
({{zh>t=企嶺下老圍|labels=no}})Shap Sze Heung22.410999|N|114.274119|E|name=Kei Ling Ha Lo Wai}}
({{zh>t=企嶺下新圍|labels=no}})Shap Sze Heung22|24|58|N|114|16|13|E|name=Kei Ling Ha San Wai}}

Tsuen Wan District

NameAlternate name Area Notes Photo Coordinates
References
({{zh>t=三棟屋|labels=no}})Tsuen WanThe former Hakka walled village has been converted into the Sam Tung Uk Museum, and is now a declared monument.22.371934|114.120223|name=Sam Tung Uk}}

Tuen Mun District

NameAlternate name Area Notes Photo Coordinates
References
({{zh>t=鍾屋村|labels=no}})({{zh>t=廣田圍|labels=no}})Lam TeiThe Chungs of Chung Uk Tsuen moved from Dongguan during the Ming dynasty.[27]22.428791|113.992418|type:landmark_region:HK|name=Chung Uk Tsuen (鍾屋村)}}

   
({{zh>t=藍地村|labels=no}})({{zh>t=永安村|labels=no}})Lam Teit=陶|labels=no}}) Clan[28]22.419186|113.984023|type:landmark_region:HK|name=Lam Tei Tsuen (藍地村)}}

 
({{zh>t=泥圍|labels=no}})({{zh>t=黃崗圍|labels=no}})Lam Teit=陶|labels=no}}) Clan[28]22.423307|113.988609|type:landmark_region:HK|name=Nai Wai (泥圍)}}

[https://web.archive.org/web/20121013022841/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/AAB_brief_info_en.pdf] [https://web.archive.org/web/20121017210551/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_no_grade.pdf #1229] [https://web.archive.org/web/20121017210551/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_no_grade.pdf #1252]

({{zh>t=順風圍|labels=no}})t=順豐圍|labels=no}}Lam TeiA multi-lineage village established around 300 years ago.[29]22.424334|113.988679|type:landmark_region:HK|name=Sun Fung Wai (順風圍)}}

 

[https://web.archive.org/web/20130922201512/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/Brief_Information_on_proposed_Grade_III_Items.pdf #875]

[https://web.archive.org/web/20121017210551/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_no_grade.pdf #1262]

({{zh>t=青磚圍|labels=no}})({{zh>t=麥園圍|labels=no}})Lam Teit=陶|labels=no}}) Clan about 300 years ago. There is a Tin Hau Temple in the village.22.422667|113.981861|type:landmark_region:HK|name=Tsing Chuen Wai (青磚圍)}}

[https://web.archive.org/web/20121017210551/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_no_grade.pdf #1294]    

({{zh>t=屯門新村|labels=no}})({{zh>t=大園圍|labels=no}})Lam Teit=陶|labels=no}}) Clan[28]22.418229|113.984436|type:landmark_region:HK|name=Tuen Mun San Tsuen (屯門新村)}}

 
({{zh>t=屯子圍|labels=no}})({{zh>t=田子圍|labels=no}})Lam Teit=陶|labels=no}}) Clan[28]22.421537|113.981319|type:landmark_region:HK|name=Tuen Tsz Wai (屯子圍)}}

[https://web.archive.org/web/20120321222912/http://www.amo.gov.hk/form/Brief_Information_on_proposed_Grade_I_Items.pdf #71] [https://web.archive.org/web/20121017210551/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_no_grade.pdf #1354]

 

Wong Tai Sin District

NameAlternate name Area Notes Photo Coordinates
References
({{zh>t=衙前圍村|labels=no}})Wong Tai Sin(see "Notable walled villages" above)22.335042|114.193354|name=Nga Tsin Wai Tsuen}}

Yuen Long District

NameAlternate name Area Notes Photo Coordinates
References
({{zh>t=橋頭圍|labels=no}})Ping ShanOne of the "Three Wais" of Ping Shan.[30]22.443011|114.004257|name=Kiu Tau Wai}}
({{zh>t=灰沙圍|labels=no}})Ping ShanOne of the "Three Wais" of Ping Shan.[30]
({{zh>t=上璋圍|labels=no}})({{zh>t=上章圍|labels=no}})Ping ShanOne of the "Three Wais" of Ping Shan.[30]

Built about 200 years ago by a line of the Tang Clan that branched out from nearby Hang Tau Tsuen, it is the only walled village along the Ping Shan Heritage Trail. The moat that once surrounded the village has been filled.[31]

22.446739|114.006539|name=Sheung Cheung Wai}}
({{zh>t=石埔村|labels=no}})({{zh>t=石步圍|labels=no}})Ping Shan22.440731|113.996217|name=Shek Po Tsuen}}
({{zh>t=欖口村|labels=no}})Ping Shan22.434992|114.018248|name=Lam Hau Tsuen}}
({{zh>t=山下村|labels=no}})t=山廈村|labels=no}}Ping Shan[32]22.432301|114.016279|name=Shan Ha Tsuen}}
({{zh>t=田心村|labels=no}})({{zh>t=田心圍|labels=no}})Hung Shui Kiu22.435152|113.991898|name=Tin Sam Tsuen}}
({{zh>t=水邊圍|labels=no}})t=鴨乸圍|labels=no}}Wang Chau22.444826|114.01853|name=Shui Pin Wai}}
({{zh>t=中心圍|labels=no}})Wang Chau22.453761|114.026896|name=Chung Sam Wai}}
({{zh>t=大井圍|labels=no}})Wang Chau22.462993|114.020643|name=Tai Tseng Wai}}
 
({{zh>t=吳屋村|labels=no}})Wang Chau22.464680|114.021255|name=Ng Uk Tsuen}}
 
({{zh>t=沙江圍|labels=no}})({{zh>t=蚺蛇|labels=no}})Ha Tsuen[33]22.463893|113.990761}}
({{zh>t=輞井圍|labels=no}})Ha Tsuen22.477555|114.003347|name=Mong Tseng Wai}}
({{zh>t=錫降圍|labels=no}})Ha Tsuen22.449158|113.991985|name=Sik Kong Wai}}
({{zh>t=祥降圍|labels=no}})({{zh>t=老圍|labels=no}})Ha Tsuen
({{zh>t=南邊圍|labels=no}})Yuen Long Kau Hui22.447448|114.033032|name=Nam Pin Wai}}
({{zh>t=西邊圍|labels=no}})Yuen Long Kau Hui22.448132|114.03221|name=Sai Pin Wai}}
({{zh>t=大圍村|labels=no}})Yuen Long Kau HuiThe village was founded by the Wong clan and the Choi clan around the early 16th century.[34]22.447055|114.037670|name=Tai Wai Tsuen}}
 
({{zh>t=英龍圍|labels=no}})Yuen Long Kau HuiThe village was established by a branch of the Kam Tin Tangs, who were originally in Nam Pin Wai but moved to the area to establish the village due to feng shui reasons.[35]22.447188|114.036905|name=Ying Lung Wai}}
({{zh>t=馬田村|labels=no}})Shap Pat Heung22.439415|114.023600|name=Ma Tin Tsuen}}
({{zh>t=田寮村|labels=no}})Shap Pat HeungThe main shrine of the village is dedicated to Tai Wong, who is considered to be the protective deity of the village. Rebuilt in 1935, it lies on the central axis of the village together with the Entrance Gate (pictured).[36]22.432659|114.024738|name=Tin Liu Tsuen}}
({{zh>t=木橋頭村|labels=no}})Shap Pat Heung
({{zh>t=水蕉新村|labels=no}})Shap Pat HeungFront gate was destroyed and rebuilt in 2017 by village residents. Some ruins from original buildings still remain.22.425522|114.028128|name=Shui Tsiu San Tsuen}}
({{zh>t=楊家村|labels=no}})Shap Pat Heung
({{zh>t=白沙村|labels=no}})Shap Pat Heung22.421452|114.021485|name=Pak Sha Tsuen}}
({{zh>t=吉慶圍|labels=no}})({{zh>t=灰沙圍|labels=no}})Kam Tin(see "Notable walled villages" above)22.43971|114.064011}}

pp.56-58
({{zh>t=泰康圍|labels=no}})Kam Tin22.440821|114.065154|name=Tai Hong Wai}}

pp.56-58
({{zh>t=永隆圍|labels=no}})Kam Tint=沙欄尾|labels=no}}) or Wing Lung Wai ({{zh|t=永龍圍|l=Everlasting Dragon|labels=no}}). The name was changed into the present name in 1905.[37]22.440042|114.067235|name=Wing Lung Wai}}
({{zh>t=錦慶圍|labels=no}})[38]Kam Tin22.443324|114.061466|name=Kam Hing Wai}}
({{zh>t=沙埔村|labels=no}})Kam Tin22.453374|114.054795|name=Sha Po Tsuen}}
({{zh>t=橫台山永寧里|labels=no}})Pat Heung
({{zh>t=東鎮圍|labels=no}})San Tin22.501880|114.076041|name=Tung Chan Wai}}
({{zh>t=仁壽圍|labels=no}})San Tin22.501667|114.074958|name=Yan Shau Wai}}
({{zh>t=永平村|labels=no}})San Tin22.50061|114.076515|name=Wing Ping Tsuen}}
({{zh>t=石湖圍|labels=no}})San Tin22.491963|114.072452|name=Shek Wu Wai}}
({{zh>t=壆圍|labels=no}})San Tin22.465567|114.052331|name=Pok Wai}}
({{zh>t=米埔老圍|labels=no}})San Tin22.493206|114.061128|name=Mai Po Lo Wai}}

See also

{{portal|Hong Kong}}
  • Housing in Hong Kong
  • History of Hong Kong
  • List of villages in Hong Kong
  • Chinese clan
  • Weitou dialect
  • Dapengcheng, a walled village in Shenzhen
  • Hakka walled village
  • Kowloon Walled City

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/chineseculture/contents/arts/p-arts-c03s07.html|title=The Cultural Heritage of China :: The Arts :: Architecture :: Walled Villages of Hong Kong|last=Wertz|first=Richard R.|website=www.ibiblio.org|access-date=2017-04-03}}
2. ^{{cite journal |author= Jeffrey W. Cody and James R. Richardson|year= 1997|title= Urbanizing forest and Village Trees in Hong Kong's Sha Tin Valley, 1976–1997|journal= Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review|volume= IX|issue=1 |pages= 24|publisher= |doi= |pmid= |pmc= |url= http://iaste.berkeley.edu/pdfs/09.1c-Fall97cody-richardson-sml.pdf|accessdate= }}
3. ^Planning Department – Historical Background
4. ^HK Yahoo News
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 Antiquities and Monuments Office: Lung Yeuk Tau Heritage Trail
6. ^Antiquities and Monuments Office: Ma Wat Wai: Declared monument on AMO website
7. ^Ma Wat Wai
8. ^Antiquities and Monuments Office: Wing Ning Wai
9. ^Antiquities and Monuments Office: Tung Kok Wai
10. ^Antiquities and Monuments Office: Kun Lung Gate Tower: Declared monument
11. ^Antiquities and Monuments Office: Kun Lung Walls
12. ^Antiquities and Monuments Office: San Wai
13. ^Introduction to 1444 Historic Buildings. Item #1044
14. ^1 2 Agreement No. CE 45/2008 (CE) Liantang / Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Control Point and Associated Works -Environmental Impact Assessment Report. Appendix 12.2f: Detailed Records of Identified Built Heritage Features within CHIA Study Area of the Lau Shui Heung Tunnel Section (South Tunnel)
15. ^Christopher DeWolf, "At the end of the line: Sheung Shui Village", CNN GO, 5 May, 2010
16. ^Antiquities and Monuments Offices: Ha Pak Tsuen - History
17. ^Planning Department: Fanling & Sheung Shui - Historical Background
18. ^Liu Man Shek Tong Ancestral Hall: The establishment of Sheung Shui Heung
19. ^East Rail Extension Project: Test Pits Results and Cross-Section Drawings. Items #219, 220, 221 on map:  
20. ^Antiquities and Monuments Office: Ho Sheung Heung: History
21. ^Lonely Planet: Ping Kong
22. ^1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20110605102329/https://www.mtr.com.hk/eng/whatsnew/all_aboard_east.html Tin Sam Wai on MTR website] (archive)
23. ^SCL - NEX/2206 EIA Study for Tai Wai to Hung Hom Section. Environmental Impact Assessment Report. Appendix 4.3. Built Heritage Survey. October 2011
24. ^East Rail Extensions - Tai Wai to Ma On Shan. Environmental Impact Assessment Report. Archaeological and Cultural Resources, 1999
25. ^SCL - NEX/2206 EIA Study for Tai Wai to Hung Hom Section, Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report, Figure 4.2.1. Locations of Known Built Heritages (Sheet 1 of 8), October 2011. Shows the location of the historic buildings of Tin Sam Village.
26. ^Antiquities and Monuments Office: Brief Information on No Grade Items. Items #1176, 1256. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017210551/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_no_grade.pdf |date=17 October 2012 }}
27. ^Brief Information_ on proposed Grade III Items. Item #689 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321223119/http://www.amo.gov.hk/form/Brief_Information_on_proposed_Grade_III_Items.pdf |date=21 March 2012 }}
28. ^1 2 3 Antiquities and Monuments Office: Tsing Chuen Wai: History
29. ^Brief Information on proposed Grade III Items. Item #875 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321223119/http://www.amo.gov.hk/form/Brief_Information_on_proposed_Grade_III_Items.pdf |date=21 March 2012 }}
30. ^1 2 Antiquities and Monuments Office:Tang Ancestral Hall
31. ^Antiquities and Monuments Office: Sheung Cheung Wai
32. ^Brief history of Shan Ha Tsuen
33. ^zh:沙江圍
34. ^Historic Building Appraisal: Entrance Gate, Tai Wai Tsuen, Yuen Long
35. ^Historic Building Appraisal: No. 24 Lee Yick Street, Yuen Long Kau Hui
36. ^Introduction to 1444 Historic Buildings, p.913
37. ^Brief Information on Proposed Grade III Items. Item #906 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922201512/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/Brief_Information_on_proposed_Grade_III_Items.pdf |date=22 September 2013 }}
38. ^Introduction to 1444 Historic Buildings. Item #505

External links

{{Commons category|Walled villages of Hong Kong}}{{GeoGroup}}
  • Ip, Hing-fong, "An historical geography of the walled villages of Hong Kong", Postgraduate Thesis, Master of Philosophy, University of Hong Kong, 1995
  • Wang, Weijen, "Axial Inversion - the transformation of the spatial structure and its ritual axis in Hong Kong's walled villages" Hong Kong Papers in Design and Development, Vol.1, pp. 26–33, Dec. 1998
  • {{cite journal |last1= Ali|first1= Jason R.|last2=Hill |first2=Ronald D. |year= 2005|title=Feng Shui and the orientation of traditional villages in the New Territories, Hong Kong|journal= Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch|volume= Vol. 45|pages= 27-39|publisher= |location= |doi= |url= http://hkjo.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/f7f73526ab0696b3153f2aa40e9015fb.pdf|issn= 1991-7295|accessdate= }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Walled Villages Of Hong Kong}}

2 : Walled villages of Hong Kong|Culture of Hong Kong
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