| 词条 | Anukulchandra Chakravarty |
| 释义 |
| name =Sree Sree Thakur Anukulchandra | image = Anukul as a boy.jpg | alt = | caption = Thakur Anukulchandra | religion = Hinduism | birth_name = Anukulchandra Chakravarty | birth_date = {{Birth date|1888|09|14|df=yes}} | birth_place = Himaitpur village (present-day Pabna district, Bangladesh) | death_date = {{Death date and age|1969|01|26|1888|09|14|df=yes}} | death_place = Deoghar town, Deoghar district, Jharkhand state, India | nationality = Indian | spouse = 1) Sree Sree Boro Ma (Sorashibala Devi), 2) Sree Sree Choto Maa | children = Amarendranath Chakravarty(son), Pracheta Ranjan Chakraborty (Kajalda – Shri Shri Thakur's youngest and only surviving son), Bibekranjan Chakravarty (son), Sadhana Devi (daughter), Santwana Devi (daughter),, Anuka Devi (daughter) | honors = | founder = Satsang | website = https://www.satsang.org.in/, https://www.satsangamerica.org/ | sect = | order = | guru = Manomohini Devi | philosophy = | literary_works = | disciple = | known_for = | influenced = | signature = | signature_alt = | module = | footnotes = }}Anukulchandra Chakravarty (14 September 1888 – 27 January 1969) popularly known as Sree Sree Thakur, was the founder of Satsang, in Deoghar[1][2][3] Sree Sree Thakur was a medical practitioner after finishing his study from Kolkata Medical College.[4] Sree Sree Thakur later left his established medical practice to his friend and established Satsang Himaitpur.[5] On 2 September 1946 before the Partition of India, Anukulchandra moved to Deoghar in India from his birthplace Himaitpur, Pabna.[4][6] This is where Satsang currently has its main center. Anukulchandra died on 27 January 1969.[6] Early lifeAnukulchandra was born on September 14, 1888 in Himaitpur village in the Pabna district of Bangladesh. His father was Sivachandra Chakravarty and his mother was Manomohini Devi. He started his formal education at Himaitpur village elementary school in 1893. In 1898, he was admitted to Pabna Institute and studied there up to the eighth grade.{{Sfn|Dattaroy|2012|p=57}} He attended Raipur High School at Amirabad for a short period and then in Naihati High School in the 24 Parganas of West Bengal until 1905. He did not graduate, having given away his matriculation exam registration fees to a classmate who he found crying as he was not able to afford the registration fees.{{Sfn|Brace|2012|p=29}}{{Sfn|Hauserman|2011|p=48}} Later, he was admitted to the Calcutta National Medical College, having tested-out of the school's high school diploma requirement.{{Sfn|Brace|1977|p=13}}{{Sfn|Dattaroy|2012|p=71}} In high school, he wrote several short plays, the first in 1905. He also wrote songs and poems which were later published in a book, Debjani-O-Anyanya.{{Sfn|Anukulchandra|2012}}{{Sfn|Maiti|2013|p=25}}{{Sfn|Dattaroy|2012|p=80}} In 1910, Anukulchandra wrote some guiding instructions for one of his friend Atulchandra Bhattachariya, that was later published in 1918 as booklet called Satyanusaran (The Pursuit of Truth).[7] In 1906, his parents arranged for him to marry Sorashibala, daughter of Ramgopal Bhattacharya[8]. He later married Sarbomangala Devi who is known as Choto Ma.[9] Medical practiceAfter finishing medical school, Sree Sree Thakur started practicing general medicine along with homeopathy in Himaitpur in 1912. He reportedly paid for his patients' medicine and provided financial help. Anukulchandra did not have a fixed rate for seeing patients and he accepted fruits and vegetables as payment for his services.{{Sfn|Hauserman|2011|p=81}} SatsangAs the number of people who started to follow him increased rapidly, an organization came into being. He did not formally establish or lay the foundation of Satsang ceremoniously. Satsang evolved normally, naturally, spontaneously. The philanthropic activities of Satsang multiplied and spread far within a few years. Thakur Anukulchandra's interest in science seeped into those with a scientific bent of mind and pat came Vishya Bigyan Kendra (World Science Centre) where with a few simple apparatus began researches in various fields. Then came up Satsang Chemical Works where manufacturing of medicines based on Sree Sree Thakur's formulae began. Then Satsang Press, Satsang Publishing House, and other establishments found the light of the day as the necessity arose. The construction work for these establishments and other rooms for the purpose of habitation were carried out by the ashramites themselves including the women, starting from digging soil to making bricks and doing masonry.[6][10] And it was the women who ran the works of Satsang Press. Satsang is currently headquartered in Deoghar, India.[11] Activities in the satsang ashramAfter the ashram was rebuilt in Deoghar, numerous institutes were started. Tapovan school was started with a particular focus on building character, self-dependence in addition to regular studies. Satsang ananda bazar, which was initially established by Manmohini Devi, was also resumed, to feed visitors, refugees were fed free of cost. Till date, this institution exists and feeds thousands of people twice a day free of cost. Deoghar being a rain-starved region faces acute scarcity of water in summer. To alleviate these problems, Satsang Water Works department was started which supplies fresh water drawn from the river Dwarka to the ashram. A number of deep wells and water harvesting techniques are used to meet the water requirements of the ashram as well as town-dwellers.[6][12] Interaction with leaders and eminent personalitiesChittaranjan Das, one of the eminent leaders in India's struggle for independence was a disciple of Anukulchandra. He visited the ashram with his family on a number of occasions. He also had invited Mahatma Gandhi to visit the ashram. On visiting the ashram, Mahatma Gandhi was in particular impressed by Anukulchandra's devotion for his mother and also by the magnificent personality of Manmohini Devi. Parents of Subhas Bose and his maternal uncle and aunt were followers of Sree Sree Thakur. Subhas Bose's parents Janakinath Bose and Prabhabati Devi invited Sree Sree Thakur to Puri,Odisha. Sree Sree Thakur with other devotees from Pabna reached Puri on 2nd January, 1923. [13][14] Death and legacyAfter his death on 27 January 1969, his oldest son Amarendranath Chakravarty (21 November 1911 – 6 August 1995), known as Sree Sree Borda, led the activities of Satsang[15] Today the activities are headed by Ashok Chakravarty, grandson of Anukulchandra and son of Amarendranath Chakravarty. Philosophy and teachingsAnukulchandra wrote "The degeneration of humanity began at that moment when the unseen God was made infinite and, ignoring the seers, the worship of their sayings began. Oh mankind! If you desire to invoke your good, forget sectarian conflict. Be regardful to all the past prophets. Be attached to your living master or God and take only those who love Him as your own. Because all the past prophets are consummated in the divine man of the present."[16] Anukulchandra did not accept anyone as his disciple if he or she wanted to change his or her faith. According to Ramesh Nagaraj Rao, Anukulchandra advocated that people of all faiths could come together and strengthen communal harmony.[17] Ray Hauserman, one of his American devotees, wrote a book Commitment to a Christian Renewal: Conversations with an Indian Sage which describes Anukulchandra's convergence philosophy in the West.[18][19] LiteratureExcept a few short plays, poems, and songs published as Debojani O Ananya,{{Sfn|Anukulchandra|2012}} the only book written by Anukulchandra is Satyanusaran. His dictations in the form of rhymes has been compiled into multiple volumes of books by Satsang Publishing House, which was established by Anukulchandra. Many of his conversations and found new episodes within of which lectures have been recorded by appointed followers and have also been published. He wrote numerous pamphlets in Bengali to promote his organization. Views on religionAccording to Sree Sree Thakur, all the past prophets are consummated in the divine man of the present. He said the so-called religions are just views, and each individual may have an independent view of their own. There is absolutely no opposition among the views, rather the same way feeling of the One in many forms.[20][21] ControversyHe promoted selective polygamy of men,[22][23] eugenics,[24].[25] He married 6–7 times,[26] promoting men acquiring multiple wives of lower class.[26] He suggested that women should marry the man whom they can treat with the utmost respect. He recommended the best marriage is that of woman choosing their own husband.If the first case is not possible, should marry the choice of their well wishers. [27][22] Satsang centers and viharsSatsang Centres (places where devotees assemble regularly) are present in multiple places around the world (US, Canada, UK, Australia, Singapore, UAE, Nepal, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India).[28] Satsang Vihars are present in many states of India Gujarat, West Bengal, Assam, Tripura, Orissa, Delhi, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra to name a few).[29] Commemorative postage stampOn 2 September 1987 the Government of India released a postage stamp featuring Sree Sree Thakur.[30][31][32] On 6 December 2010 Government of India released a postage stamp featuring Sree Sree Borda. 2 million copies of the stamps were printed by India Security Press, Nasik.[33] [34]References1. ^{{cite web |title= Deoghar Tourism |url= http://deoghar.nic.in/deoghar_tourism.html}} 2. ^{{cite web |title= Baba Baidyanath Temple |url=http://www.babadham.org/otherplaces/satsang.html}} 3. ^{{cite news |title=Politicians turn devotees at Satsang Vihar event |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Politicians-turn-devotees-at-Satsang-Vihar-event/articleshow/30418116.cms |newspaper=Times of India |date=15 February 2014}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Biswas|first1=Rebati Mohon|title=Sree Thakur Anukulchandra|publisher=Satsang Press}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://satsangamerica.org/content/man-making-mission|website=Satsang America|title=Man Making Mission}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last1 = Brace|first1 = Kerry|last2 = Ganguly|first2 = Arun|title = Benign Lord|publisher = Satsang Publishing House|edition = Third}} 7. ^{{cite web |title=Satyanusaran |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Satyanusaran}} 8. ^{{cite book | last= Bhora |first=Paresh Chandra |publisher = Tapoban prakashan |title=Chhotoder Sri Sri Thakur Anukulchandra}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/613913/|title=Commissioner of Income-Tax vs Sarbamangala Devi|last=|first=|date=|website=indiankanoon.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=May 19, 2018}} 10. ^{{cite book | last= Hauserman |first=Ray | year= 2011 |edition= 3rd |publisher = Satsang, Virginia Beach, USA |title=Ocean in a Teacup}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://satsang.org.in/index.php?p=satsang|website=Satsang|title=Satsang Deoghar}} 12. ^{{cite book |last=Biswas |first=Rebati Mohon |title=Sree Sree Thakur Anukulchandra|publisher=Satsang Press |date=July 1958 |pages=113–117|chapter=At Deoghar }} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.srisrithakuranukulchandra.com/index.php/e-bulletin21}} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=23&nID=101961&P=1&nPID=20180322}} 15. ^{{cite web |title= Indian postage stamp on Sree Sree Borda|url= http://www.istampgallery.com/sri-sri-borda/}} 16. ^{{citation | title = Satyanusaran |url = https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Satyanusaran}} 17. ^{{citation | title = Convergence, not conversion |url = http://www.religionandspirituality.com/view/post/11685852108600/}} 18. ^{{cite book | last= Hauserman |first=Ray | year= 1989| title = Commitment to a Christian Renewal: Conversations with an Indian Sage}} 19. ^{{citation | title=The Latest| url = http://www.uri.org/the_latest/2015/11/proselytizing__not_in_thakurs_vocabulary_conversion__not_admitted_by_sri_sri_thakur_anukul_chandra}} 20. ^{{citation | title=One God| url = http://www.uri.org/uri-story/20151226-god-one}} 21. ^{{citation | title=Satyanusaran1| url = http://satsang.org.in/index.php?p=satyanusaran}} 22. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.shrishrithakuranukulchandra.com/books/Narir-Niti.doc|title=Narir-Niti, or virtue of women|last=|first=|date=|website=www.shrishrithakuranukulchandra.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-10-19}} 23. ^{{Cite web|url=http://thakoor.blogspot.com/|title=Sri Sri Thakur Anukulchandra|website=thakoor.blogspot.com|access-date=2018-10-18}} 24. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.srisrithakuranukulchandra.com/index.php/ideology/marriage|title=Marriage|last=Administrator|website=www.srisrithakuranukulchandra.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-10-18}} 25. ^{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ghoshnafar_gmail_20171112_1443|title=Alochana Prasange Vol.21|language=English}} 26. ^1 {{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.456703|title=Alochana-prasange Vol. 1|last=Das|first=Prafullakumar Comp|date=1945|publisher=Satsanga Publishing House, Jharkhand|year=1945|isbn=|location=|pages=65}} 27. ^{{Cite book|title=Narir Niti, or virtue of woman|last=Chakravarty|first=Anukulchandra|publisher=Satsang|year=|isbn=|location=Bengal|pages=144}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://satsang.org.in/index.php?p=activities_worldwide#.VsAnvhgrK8o|website=Satsang|title=Activities Worldwide}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.satsang.org.in/index.php?p=locator#.VsA29BgrK8o|website=Satsang|title=Locator}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.satsang.org.in/index.php?p=literature#.VsA3GRgrK8o|website=Satsang|title=Literature}} 31. ^{{cite web |title= Indian postage stamp on Sree Sree Thakur|url= http://indiastamp.blogspot.com/2009/11/india-stamps-on-sri-sri-thakur-anukul.html}} 32. ^{{cite web | title=Indian postage stamps|url=http://postagestamps.gov.in/Stamps_List.aspx}} 33. ^{{cite web | title=Indian postage stamps|url=http://postagestamps.gov.in/Stamps_List.aspx}} 34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.istampgallery.com/sri-sri-borda|website=StampGallery|title=sreesreebordastamp}} Sources{{Refbegin|30em}}
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14 : 1888 births|1969 deaths|19th-century Hindu religious leaders|20th-century Hindu religious leaders|Bengali people|Bengali Hindus|Hindu mystics|Hindu philosophers|Hindu revivalists|20th-century Indian medical doctors|Indian Hindu spiritual teachers|Spiritual practice|Medical doctors from West Bengal|People from Pabna District |
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