| 词条 | Walls of Basel | ||||||||
| 释义 |
The Basel city walls are a complex of walls surrounding the central part of the Swiss city of Basel, only partially preserved today. The first city wall was completed around 1080 under bishop Burkhard von Fenis. A newer wall was constructed around 1230, which is known as the Inner Wall. Its course was mostly identical to the Burkhard wall. In 1362 the construction of a larger wall complex began due to the city's expansion; it was completed in 1398, and is known as the Outer Wall. In 1859 the city's executives decided to raze the inner wall and gates to the ground. Three outer city gates and a short piece of the wall were saved from demolition and are being preserved as part of the city's heritage. HistoryAt the end of the 11th century, the growing settlement in the valley was walled, though settlement continued outside the wall.[1] As the town spread up the west slopes surrounding the Birsig river, that section was walled also.[1] At the beginning of the 13th century, all these sections were included within a single wall that embraced both the valley and hill settlements. New walls were built around 1400, and those are the ones that lasted until the mid-nineteenth century.[1] City gatesOuter gates{{anchor|Gate of Spalen}}{{anchor|Gate of Saint Alban}}{{anchor|Gate of Saint John}}{{anchor|Aeschentor}}Three gates from the outer wall have been preserved, and today they represent landmarks of Basel and a heritage site of national significance:[2]
Inner gatesThe inner walls used to encircle the Great Basel (Gross Basel) on the west bank and Small Basel (Kleinbasel) on the east bank of the Rhine. All the inner gates and walls were demolished between 1860 and 1870: East bank{{anchor|Rhine Gate}}{{anchor|Aeschenschwibbogen}}
In August 1839, Rudolf Forcart-Hoffmann, a manufacturer of passementerie, petitioned the {{ill|Kleiner Rat|de|Kleiner Rat (Basel)}} ('Lesser Council') of Basel that Aeschenschwibbogen should be demolished. He wanted to build a new house, {{ill|Schilthof|als}}, at the location. This would serve a double purpose: beautifying the city, and removing a bottleneck on an important traffic route. Permission was granted, and Aeschenschwibbogen was demolished in 1841.[3][4][5][6]{{anchor|Gate of Steinen}}
West bank{{anchor|Gate or Riehen}}{{anchor|Gate of Blaise}}
Other wall buildings{{anchor|Thomas Tower}}
See also
References1. ^1 2 Dickinson, Robert. [https://books.google.com/books?id=bBFwIGv2qMEC&pg=PA67 The West European City: A Geographical Interpretation], Volume 12, pp.66-67 (Taylor & Francis 1998). {{Coord|47|33|34|N|7|35|18|E|region:CH-BS_type:landmark|display=title}}2. ^Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance (1995), p. 78. 3. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.basler-bauten.ch/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=205:aeschen-schwibbogen&catid=46:stadtbefestigung&Itemid=117 |title=Aeschenschwibbogen |website=basler-bauten.ch |language=German |accessdate=17 June 2018}} 4. ^{{cite journal |first=C. A. |last=Müller |volume=134 |journal={{ill|Neujahrsblatt der GGG|de}} |title=Die Stadtbefestigung von Basel |year=1956 |pages=12–14 |language=German}} 5. ^{{cite book |first=Rudolf |last=Suter |title=Von der alten zur neuen Aeschenvorstadt |publisher=Hoffmann-La Roche |year=1991 |isbn=3-907946-40-5 |pages=6, 22 |language=German}} 6. ^{{cite book |first=Eugen A. |last=Meier |title=Basel Einst und Jetzt |edition=3rd |publisher=Buchverlag Basler Zeitung |year=1995 |asin=B002YOLWXY |pages=118–119 |language=German}} (by {{ill|Eugen A. Meier|de}}) External links
3 : Buildings and structures in Basel|City walls|History of Basel |
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