| 词条 | Walt Disney Imagineering | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Walt Disney Imagineering | logo = | image = File:1401flowerst.jpg | image_caption = WDI headquarters in Glendale, California | type = Subsidiary | key_people = Bob Weis, President; Kareem Daniel, Executive Vice President | industry = Engineering, architecture design | products = Theme parks, resorts, attractions, cruise ships, real estate developments, entertainment venues | services = Design | revenue = | operating_income = | parent = Disney Parks, Experiences and Products (The Walt Disney Company) | homepage = {{Official website}} | foundation = {{start date and age|1952}} | hq_location = Grand Central Creative Campus | location_city = Glendale, California | location_country = United States }} Walt Disney Imagineering, commonly referred to as Imagineering, is a research and development subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company, responsible for the creation, design, and construction of Disney theme parks resorts, cruise ships, and other entertainment venues. Imagineering is composed of "Imagineers", who are illustrators, architects, engineers, lighting designers, show writers and graphic designers.[1] Headquartered in Glendale, California, Imagineering was founded by Walt Disney to oversee the production of Disneyland. HistoryFounded as Walt Disney, Inc. on December 16, 1952 by Walt Disney, the division was originally an independent company. Its main purpose was production of TV shows. Shortly, the design and engineering of Disneyland became the responsibility of the division.[2][3] In light of objections from Roy O. Disney and potential stockholders, the division was renamed WED Enterprises in 1953 based on Walt's initials.[2][3] In 1961, WED moved into the Grand Central Business Park.[4] Soon, the theme park design and architectural group became integral to the Disney studio's operations. Walt Disney Productions (now known as The Walt Disney Company) bought WED on February 5, 1965.[5][6][7][8] As of January 1986, the unit has been called Walt Disney Imagineering. In 1996, Disney Development Company, the conglomerate's real estate development subsidiary, merged into Imagineering.[9] In September 1996, Imagineering premiered Disney Fair, a U.S. traveling attraction. However, the fair was cancelled after several stops due to poor attendance. Disney Entertainment Projects (Asia Pacific), Inc., the Asian subsidiary, selected a renamed fair called DisneyFest, which opened in Singapore on October 30, 1997 for three months.[10] By 1997, Imagineering was spread across several buildings in Grand Central Business Park. In September 1999, Imagineering announced a redesign of Grand Central Creative Campus, with a new office-studio complex. Additional space was created for sound stages, production facilities and offices.[11][12] In March 2018, The Walt Disney Company merged Walt Disney Parks & Resorts with Disney Consumer Products & Interactive Media into a single segment: Disney Parks, Experiences and Products.[13] Origin of "Imagineering"The term Imagineering, a portmanteau, was introduced in the 1940s by Alcoa to describe its blending of imagination and engineering, and used by Union Carbide in an in-house magazine in 1957, with an article by Richard F Sailer called "BRAINSTORMING IS IMAGination engINEERING". Disney filed for a trademark for the term in 1989, claiming first use of the term in 1962. Imagineering is a registered trademark of The Walt Disney Company.[14] PrinciplesImagineering is governed by 15 principles, techniques and practices in the construction of attractions and theme parks.[15] These 15 principles have since been published for individuals wanting to achieve their creative goals.[16] New concepts and improvements are often created to fulfil specific needs. For instance, the ride vehicle of the attraction Soarin' Over California has been designed to help guests experience the sensation of flight. During development, Imagineer Mark Sumner found an erector set in his attic, which quickly inspired the solution to create this experience. The ride effectively simulates hang gliding.[17][18] One of Imagineering's techniques, "blue sky speculation", is a process in which ideas are generated without limitations.[1][19] Imagineers often start with a bold idea in extreme detail, regardless of the budgetary or physical constraints. As a result, it can take up to five years for an idea to turn into a finished attraction.[20] The company consider this the beginning of a design process, believing, "if it can be dreamt, it can be built."[21] Imagineering constantly strive to perfect their work, in which Walt coined as "plussing". He believed that there is always room for innovation and improvement, stating "Disneyland will never be completed as long as there's imagination left in the world".[17] Imagineering has also returned to previously abandoned ideas. For example, the Museum of the Weird, was a proposed walk-through wax museum that eventually became the Haunted Mansion.[17] The Art of the ShowDisney theme parks are story-telling and visual experiences, also known as “The Art of the Show.” The use of theming, atmosphere, and attention to detail are essential in the Disney experience. Creative director John Hench noted the similarities between theme park design and film making, such as the use of techniques including forced perspective.[22] One notable example of forced perspective is Cinderella Castle in Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World. The scale of architectural elements is much smaller in the upper reaches of the castle compared to the foundation, making it seem significantly taller than its actual height of 189 feet.[1][23] The attraction, Pirates of the Caribbean, evokes a “rollicking buccaneer adventure,” according to Hench. In contrast, the Disney Cruise Line ships create an elegant seafaring atmosphere. Minor details in theme park shops and restaurants are crucial; these include the menus, names of the dishes and the Cast Members’ costumes.[22] When guests walk down the area of Main Street, U.S.A., they are likely to notice a bakery fragrance[24], reminiscent of suburban America in the 1900s. In addition to theme parks, Imagineering has devised retail stores, galleries, and hotels which have "stories" and create a specific mood. For instance, the Disney's Contemporary Resort features an A-frame structure, modern décor and futuristic features including a quiet monorail in the lobby. These details reinforce the hotel's contemporary nature.[21] In 2010, Disney Educational Products produced a series of videos, The Science of Disney Imagineering. Each video was presented by Imagineer Asa Kalama, and focused on a different science subject.[25] Each video featured at least one Disney attraction, to show how science was used in them. These science subjects include Gravity, Trajectory, Levers & Pulleys, Fluids, Energy, Design & Models, Magnetism, Motion, Animal Adaptations: Communication, Friction, and Electricity.[26] Mickey's Ten CommandmentsIn 1991, Marty Sklar (then-president of Imagineering) presented ten commandments attributed to Mickey Steinberg (the vice president of Imagineering). They are:[27]
InnovationAs of 2000, Imagineering had been granted over 100 patents in areas such as advanced audio systems, fiber optics, interactive technology, live entertainment, ride systems and special effects.[11] Imagineerng pioneered technological advances such as the Circle-Vision 360° film technique and the FastPass virtual queuing system. Audio-AnimatronicsImagineering is known for its development of Audio-Animatronics, a form of robotics, used in shows and theme park attractions that animate objects in three dimension (3D). The idea originated from Walt Disney's fascination with a mechanical bird that he purchased in New Orleans, which later led to the development of the attraction, The Enchanted Tiki Room. The attraction, which featured singing Audio-Animatronic birds, was the first to use this technology. In the 1964 World's Fair, a 3D figure of Abraham Lincoln was represented. The animated Lincoln delivered part of the Gettysburg Address for the “Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln” exhibit, the first human Audio-Animatronic figure.[28] Today, Audio-Animatronics are featured in many attractions, including Pirates of the Caribbean, The Haunted Mansion, The Hall of Presidents, Country Bear Jamboree, Star Tours—The Adventures Continue, and Muppet*Vision 3D. Guests have also had the opportunity to interact with Audio-Animatronic characters, such as Lucky the Dinosaur, WALL-E, and Remy from Ratatouille. The next wave of Audio-Animatronic development focuses on completely independent figures, also known as “Autonomatronics”. Otto, the first Autonomatronic figure, debuted at the 2009 D23 Expo and can see, hear, sense a person's presence and emotions, and have a conversation.[29] WEDwayWEDway is a people mover system using linear induction motor (LIM) technology to propel vehicles along a pair of steel rails. This system was developed in the company's early years. The system is in operation at Walt Disney World Resort's Magic Kingdom and George Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston, Texas, United States. From 1967 to 1995, Disneyland utilised a version of this system which had rubber wheels placed every 9 feet along the guide-way. Theme park projectsSince 1952, Imagineering has created twelve theme parks, a town, four cruise ships, dozens of resort hotels, water parks, shopping centers, sports complexes and various entertainment venues.[1] Current Imagineering projects
Other projectsFormer creative director, John Hench, designed the "Tower of Nations" for the opening and closing ceremony of the 1960 Winter Olympics, whilst Walt Disney served as Pageantry Committee Chairman. Imagineering has collaborated with Walt Disney Consumer Products on a number of projects for Disney Stores. The first store, in Glendale, was designed and constructed by a group of architectural Imagineers. Imagineering developed the now-defunct Walt Disney Gallery at the Main Place Mall in Santa Ana, California, and a Roman themed Disney Store at The Forum Shops at Caesars in Las Vegas. After the purchase of the Disney Stores by The Children's Place in 2004, Imagineering helped design an exclusive chain of flagship stores, called World of Disney. These are located in resorts, Lake Buena Vista, Florida and Anaheim, California, as well as New York City. Another flagship store arrived at Disneyland Paris in 2012. An overhaul of Disney Stores was planned in 2009 with the help of Apple CEO Steve Jobs. Disney hoped to transition from a traditional retail model to an interactive entertainment hub.[58] In the 1990s, Imagineering designed the {{convert|24000|sqft}} Club Disney interactive family fun center in Thousand Oaks, California. Although now closed, it was the first of several location-based entertainment (LBE) venues. In 1998, DisneyQuest, an {{convert|80000|sqft}} high-tech, virtual reality arcade was launched at Disney Springs in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Another DisneyQuest in Chicago was launched a year later. In 2007, Imagineering oversaw design and construction of ships, Disney Dream and Disney Fantasy. They also helped design exhibitions for the Autry Museum of Western Heritage in Los Angeles and developed the Encounter Restaurant, which is located at the top of Theme Building in Los Angeles International Airport. Moreover, they provided exhibits for the Port Discovery children's museum at the Inner Harbor in Baltimore, Maryland, as well as the "Below Deck" sound show depicting Blackbeard's final battle as part of the Pirate and Treasure Museum in St. Augustine, Florida. In 1996, Imagineering remodeled the Times Square Studios in New York City following the acquisition of ABC. In 1997, Disney purchased the California Angels and renamed the team to Anaheim Angels. Shortly, Imagineering renovated the Anaheim Stadium. Recently, Imagineering worked with charity, FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology), to create the teaser video and the story, as well as the theming of the 2016 FIRST Robotics Competition, FIRST Stronghold.[59][60] Corporate locationsSince the 1960s, Imagineering's headquarters have been located in nondescript office buildings on the site of the former Grand Central Airport in Glendale, California, about {{convert|2|mi|km|spell=in}} east of Disney's corporate headquarters in Burbank. There are field offices at Epcot and Disney's Hollywood Studios at the Walt Disney World Resort. There are also offices located at:
Bibliography{{refbegin|30em}}
See also
Notes1. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=hRLKAAAACAAJ&dq=The+Imagineering+Field+Guide+to+the+Magic+Kingdom|title=The Imagineering Field Guide to Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World|last=Wright|first=Alex|author2=Imagineers|publisher=Disney Editions|year=2005|isbn=0786855533|location=New York}} 2. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Aberdeen|first1=J. A.|title=Hollywood Renegades|date=2000|publisher=Cobblestone Entertainment|isbn=1-890110-24-8|url=http://www.cobbles.com/simpp_archive/simpp_1954disneyland.htm|accessdate=May 5, 2015|chapter=Disneyland|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427163424/http://www.cobbles.com/simpp_archive/simpp_1954disneyland.htm|archivedate=April 27, 2015|df=mdy-all}} 3. ^1 {{cite news |last=Peltz |first=James F. |title=The Wonderful World of Disney's Other Firm : Entertainment: Walt Disney created a separate company for his family. Retlaw Enterprises is now worth hundreds of millions. |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1990-10-02/business/fi-1834_1_walt-disney |accessdate=July 19, 2012 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=October 2, 1990 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503081331/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-10-02/business/fi-1834_1_walt-disney |archivedate=May 3, 2014 |df=mdy-all }} 4. ^{{cite news|last1=Blankstein|first1=Andrew|title=Disney Plans to Build Major 'Creative Campus' in Glendale|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1999/sep/02/news/mn-5949|accessdate=October 7, 2016|work=Los Angeles Times|date=September 2, 1999|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009181944/http://articles.latimes.com/1999/sep/02/news/mn-5949|archivedate=October 9, 2016|df=mdy-all}} 5. ^{{cite book |last=Broggie |first=Michael |title=Walt Disney's Railroad Story |year=1997 |publisher=Pentrex |isbn=1563420090 |page=174}} 6. ^{{cite book |last=Smith |first=Dave |title=Disney A to Z — The Updated Official Encyclopedia |year=1998 |publisher=Hyperion Books |isbn=0786863919 |pages=467, 601}} 7. ^{{cite book |last=Stewart |first=James |title=Disney War |year=2005 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |pages=41}} 8. ^{{cite book |last=Gabler |first=Neal |title=Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination |year=2006 |publisher=Knopf |pages=629}} 9. ^{{cite web |title=Walt Disney Imagineering |url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/walt-disney-imagineering/ |website=D23: Disney A to Z |publisher=The Walt Disney Company |accessdate=November 12, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906044911/https://d23.com/a-to-z/walt-disney-imagineering/ |archivedate=September 6, 2015 |df=mdy-all }} 10. ^{{cite news |last1=Matzer |first1=Marla |title=It Didn't Play in Puyallup, so Disney Tries Singapore |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1997/aug/28/business/fi-26586 |accessdate=September 23, 2015 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=August 28, 1997 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923090252/http://articles.latimes.com/1997/aug/28/business/fi-26586 |archivedate=September 23, 2015 |df=mdy-all }} 11. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Blankstein|first1=Andrew|title=Disney Reveals Plans for $2-Billion Glendale Project|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2000/mar/14/local/me-8721|accessdate=October 7, 2016|work=Los Angeles Times|date=March 14, 2000|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009180435/http://articles.latimes.com/2000/mar/14/local/me-8721|archivedate=October 9, 2016|df=mdy-all}} 12. ^{{cite news|last1=Blankstein|first1=Andrew|title=New Disney Campus in Glendale to Hire 10,000|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2000/mar/14/local/me-8637|accessdate=October 7, 2016|work=Los Angeles Times|date=March 14, 2000|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518065002/http://articles.latimes.com/2000/mar/14/local/me-8637|archivedate=May 18, 2016|df=mdy-all}} 13. ^{{cite news|last1=Wang|first1=Christine|title=Disney announces strategic reorganization, effective immediately|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/14/disney-announces-strategic-reorganization-effective-immediately.html|accessdate=March 14, 2018|work=CNBC|date=March 14, 2018}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://trademarks.justia.com/738/03/imagineering-73803332.html|title=IMAGINEERING - Trademark Details|publisher=Justia Trademarks|accessdate=21 August 2016}} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=https://imagineeringtoolbox.wordpress.com/resources/the-imagineering-pyramid-an-overview/|title=The Imagineering Pyramid – An Overview|date=2016-05-25|website=The Imagineering Toolbox|language=en|access-date=2019-03-23}} 16. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/956510763|title=The imagineering pyramid : using Disney theme park design principles to develop and promote your creative ideas|last=J.,|first=Prosperi, Louis|others=Imagineers (Group)|isbn=9781941500965|location=[Place of publication not identified]|oclc=956510763}} 17. ^1 2 {{Cite video |people=George Scribner and Jerry Rees (Directors) |title=Disneyland: Secrets, Stories, and Magic |medium=DVD |publisher=Walt Disney Video |location= |date=2007}} 18. ^{{Cite web|url=http://disneylegends.blogspot.com/2018/04/mark-sumner-my-244th-pick-to-be-disney.html|title=Wishcasting Disney Legends: Mark Sumner - my 244th pick to be a Disney Legend|last=Mmartin|date=2018-04-27|website=Wishcasting Disney Legends|access-date=2019-03-19}} 19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.markus-bussmann.com/2010/01/walt-disney-imagineering-principles-blue-sky-speculation.html|title=Walt Disney Imagineering Principles – Blue Sky Speculation {{!}} whoisbuzzmann.com|website=www.markus-bussmann.com|access-date=2019-03-23}} 20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403105624/http://dep.disney.go.com/page_meet-asa-kalama.html|title=Meet Asa Kalama {{!}} Disney Educational Productions|date=2015-04-03|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2019-03-23}} 21. ^1 {{Cite book |last=Marling |first=Karal |authorlink= |title=Designing Disney's Theme Parks |publisher=Flammarion |year=1997 |location=Paris — New York |pages= |url= |doi= |id= |isbn=}} 22. ^1 {{Cite book|url=|title=Designing Disney: Imagineering and the Art of the Show|last=Hench|first=John|author2=Peggy Van Pelt|publisher=Disney Editions|year=2003|isbn=|location=New York|pages=|doi=|id=}} 23. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.themeparktourist.com/features/20140922/29295/8-principles-disney-imagineer|title=8 Key Principles That Disney Imagineers Use to Develop New Attractions|date=2014-09-22|website=Theme Park Tourist|language=en|access-date=2019-03-23}} 24. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.themeparktourist.com/features/20140922/29295/8-principles-disney-imagineer|title=8 Key Principles That Disney Imagineers Use to Develop New Attractions|date=2014-09-22|website=Theme Park Tourist|language=en|access-date=2019-03-23}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://dep.disney.go.com/page_meet-asa-kalama.html|title=Meet Asa Kalama|website=disney.com|publisher=Disney|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403105624/http://dep.disney.go.com/page_meet-asa-kalama.html|archivedate=April 3, 2015|deadurl=yes|accessdate=January 26, 2015|df=mdy-all}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dep-store.com/product-p/77e29vl00.htm|title=The Science of Disney Imagineering: Buy All 11 DVDs|website=dep-store.com|publisher=Disney|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150126193922/http://www.dep-store.com/product-p/77e29vl00.htm|archivedate=January 26, 2015|deadurl=yes|accessdate=January 26, 2015|df=mdy-all}} 27. ^{{cite conference |url=http://stars.library.ucf.edu/buzzprice/161/ |title=The Way We Do Business |conference=Walt Disney Imagineering Workshop 1991 |date=April 25–26, 1991 |publisher=Walt Disney Imagineering, The Disney Development Company |accessdate=September 15, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921074745/http://stars.library.ucf.edu/buzzprice/161/ |archivedate=September 21, 2016 |df=mdy-all }} 28. ^{{cite web |url=http://corporate.disney.go.com/careers/who_imagineering.html |title=The Walt Disney Company Home — Jobs and Careers |publisher= |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051102031939/http://corporate.disney.go.com/careers/who_imagineering.html |archivedate=November 2, 2005 |df=mdy-all }} 29. ^{{cite web |url=http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2009/09/disney-autonomatronics-figure-can-sense-if-youre-happy/ |title=Disney Autonomatronics Figure Can Sense If You’re Happy |work=Disney Parks Blog |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091111193259/http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2009/09/disney-autonomatronics-figure-can-sense-if-youre-happy/ |archivedate=November 11, 2009 |df=mdy-all }} 30. ^{{cite web|last=Ramirez|first=Michael|title=‘Mickey’s PhilharMagic’ Premiering in April at Disney California Adventure Park|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2019/03/mickeys-philharmagic-premiering-in-april-at-disney-california-adventure-park/|publisher=Disney Parks Blog|accessdate=March 29, 2019|date=March 28, 2019}} 31. ^{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Thomas|title=New Mickey Mouse Experiences Will Delight Guests at Disney Parks & Beyond|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2018/11/new-mickey-mouse-experiences-will-delight-guests-at-disney-parks-beyond/|website=Disney Parks Blog|accessdate=November 18, 2018}} 32. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Thomas|title=Star Wars: Galaxy’s Edge to Open May 31 at Disneyland Resort, August 29 at Disney’s Hollywood Studios|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2019/03/star-wars-galaxys-edge-to-open-may-31-at-disneyland-resort-august-29-at-disneys-hollywood-studios/|website=Disney Parks Blog|language=en-us|date=March 7, 2019}} 33. ^{{cite web|last1=Fickley-Baker|first1=Jennifer|title=New Details Unveiled On Gran Destino Tower at Disney’s Coronado Springs Resort, Set to Open July 2019|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2018/11/new-details-unveiled-on-gran-destino-tower-at-disneys-coronado-springs-resort-set-to-open-july-2019/|website=Disney Parks Blog|language=en-us|date=November 14, 2018}} 34. ^{{cite web|last1=Corless|first1=Tom|title=Tokyo DisneySea Shows New Artwork for “Soaring Fantastic Flight” Attraction, Opening 2019|url=https://wdwnt.com/2018/09/tokyo-disneysea-shows-new-artwork-for-soaring-fantastic-flight-attraction-opening-2019/|website=WDW News Today|language=en-us|date=September 27, 2018}} 35. ^{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Thomas|title=Disney Skyliner to Begin Transporting Guests in Fall 2019 at Walt Disney World Resort|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2018/11/disney-skyliner-to-begin-transporting-guest-in-fall-2019-at-walt-disney-world-resort/|website=Disney Parks Blog|accessdate=November 14, 2018}} 36. ^1 2 {{cite web|last1=Finkley-Baker|first1=Jennifer|title=New Nighttime Spectaculars & ‘Beauty & The Beast’ Sing-Along Announced for Epcot|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2018/11/new-nighttime-spectaculars-beauty-the-beast-sing-along-announced-for-epcot/|website=Disney Parks Blog|accessdate=November 17, 2018}} 37. ^{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Thomas|title=Mickey & Minnie’s Runaway Railway Opens Next Year at Disney’s Hollywood Studios|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2018/02/d23j-update-mickey-and-minnies-runaway-railway/|website=Disney Parks Blog|accessdate=February 11, 2018}} 38. ^{{cite web|last1=Quinn|first1=Jessica|title=A New Sneak Peek of Disney’s Riviera Resort at D23: Destination D!|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2018/11/a-new-sneak-peek-of-disneys-riviera-resort-at-d23-destination-d/|website=Disney Parks Blog|accessdate=November 19, 2018}} 39. ^{{cite web|last=Ramirez|first=Michael|title=Inside Out Emotional Whirlwind to Open in 2019 along Pixar Pier at Disney California Adventure 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Expansion|url=http://news-en.hongkongdisneyland.com/PressReleases/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?AssetId=92fb6c90-674c-4a7d-9f61-af91ff040b58|publisher=Hong Kong Disneyland|accessdate=May 25, 2018}} 43. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Glover|first1=Erin|title=Avengers and Other Super Heroes to Assemble in New Themed Areas at Disneyland Resort, Disneyland Paris and Hong Kong Disneyland|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2018/03/avengers-and-other-super-heroes-to-assemble-in-new-themed-areas-at-disneyland-resort-disneyland-paris-and-hong-kong-disneyland/|website=Disney Parks Blog|accessdate=March 20, 2018|date=March 20, 2018}} 44. ^{{cite web|last1=Fickley-Baker|first1=Jennifer|title=Rock ‘n’ Roller Coaster Starring Aerosmith at Walt Disney Studios Park to Receive Marvel Transformation|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2018/02/d23j-japan-rock-n-roller-coaster/|website=Disney Parks Blog|accessdate=February 11, 2018}} 45. ^{{cite web|last1=Fickley-Baker|first1=Jennifer|title=Attention Users: Tron Attraction Update Now Loading |url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2018/08/attention-users-tron-attraction-update-now-loading/|website=Disney Parks Blog|accessdate=August 10, 2018}} 46. ^{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Thomas|title=‘Guardians of the Galaxy’ Attraction at Epcot Will Be One of World’s Longest Enclosed Coasters|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2018/02/d23j-update-guardians-of-the-galaxy-at-epcot/|website=Disney Parks Blog|accessdate=February 11, 2018}} 47. ^{{cite web|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2019/02/first-of-its-kind-play-pavilion-new-park-entrance-part-of-epcots-historic-transformation/|title=First-of-its-Kind Play Pavilion, New Park Entrance Part of Epcot’s Historic Transformation|last=Smith|first=Thomas|website=Disney Parks Blog|date=February 21, 2019|accessdate=February 28, 2019}} 48. ^{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Thomas|title=Toy Story-Inspired Hotel Coming to Tokyo Disney Resort|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2018/11/toy-story-inspired-hotel-coming-to-tokyo-disney-resort/|website=Disney Parks Blog|accessdate=30 November 2018}} 49. ^{{cite press release|title=Transformative Multi-Year Expansion Announced for Disneyland Paris - The Walt Disney Company|url=https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/transformative-multi-year-expansion-announced-disneyland-paris/|website=The Walt Disney Company|date=February 27, 2018}} 50. ^1 2 {{cite web|last1=Frontado|first1=Jonathan|title=Disney Planning Not Two, But Three New Ships|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2017/07/disney-planning-not-two-but-three-new-ships/|website=Disney Parks Blog|accessdate=July 17, 2017|language=en-us|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716220203/https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2017/07/disney-planning-not-two-but-three-new-ships/|archivedate=July 16, 2017|df=mdy-all}} 51. ^{{cite news|last1=Tribou|first1=Richard|title=Disney Cruise Line to grow to seven ships|url=http://www.orlandosentinel.com/travel/attractions/the-daily-disney/os-disney-cruise-line-seven-ships-20170717-story.html|accessdate=July 17, 2017|work=OrlandoSentinel.com}} 52. ^{{cite news|last1=Forgione|first1=Mary|title=It's full steam ahead for a seventh Disney cruise ship|url=http://www.latimes.com/travel/cruises/la-tr-cruises-disney-announces-seventh-cruise-ship-20170716-story.html|accessdate=July 17, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|date=July 17, 2017}} 53. ^{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Thomas|title=Largest Ever Tokyo DisneySea Expansion Brings a New Themed Port in 2022|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2018/06/largest-ever-tokyo-disneysea-expansion-brings-a-new-themed-port-in-2022/|website=Disney Parks Blog|accessdate=June 14, 2018}} 54. ^{{cite web|url=https://aboutdisneyparks.com/news/press-releases/disney-announces-plans-build-nature-inspired-mixed-use-resort-bay-lake|title=Disney Announces Plans to Build Nature-Inspired Mixed-Use Resort on Bay Lake|website=About Disney Parks|accessdate=October 19, 2018}} 55. ^{{cite web|last1=Fickley-Baker|first1=Jennifer|title=Update on the Star Wars Immersive Resort Planned for Walt Disney World Resort|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2018/05/update-on-the-star-wars-immersive-resort-planned-for-walt-disney-world-resort/|website=Disney Parks Blog|accessdate=May 31, 2018}} 56. ^{{cite web|last1=Fickley-Baker|first1=Jennifer|title=Space-Themed Restaurant Lands in Future World at Epcot|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2018/05/space-themed-restaurant-lands-in-future-world-at-epcot/|website=Disney Parks Blog|accessdate=May 31, 2018}} 57. ^{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Thomas|title=‘Zootopia’-Themed Expansion Coming to Shanghai Disneyland|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2019/01/zootopia-themed-expansion-coming-to-shanghai-disneyland/|website=Disney Parks Blog|accessdate=January 22, 2019}} 58. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/13/business/media/13disney.html?_r=1|title=Disney's Retail Plan Is a Theme Park in Its Stores|last=Barnes|first=Brooks|date=October 13, 2009|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=October 13, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129225625/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/13/business/media/13disney.html?_r=1|archivedate=November 29, 2014|deadurl=no|pages=|postscript={{inconsistent citations}}|df=mdy-all}} 59. ^{{cite web |last1=Merrick |first1=Frank |title=The Teaser is Coming! |url=http://www.usfirst.org/roboticsprograms/frc/blog-The-Teaser-Is-Coming |website=usfirst.org |publisher=US FIRST |accessdate=October 15, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015174430/http://www.usfirst.org/roboticsprograms/frc/blog-The-Teaser-Is-Coming |archivedate=October 15, 2015 |df=mdy-all }} 60. ^{{cite AV media|people=|date=|year=2016|title=2016 FIRST Robotics Competition Kickoff Broadcast|trans-title=|medium=|language=English|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3lBiwIt2Xh8|access-date=January 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202105152/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3lBiwIt2Xh8|archive-date=February 2, 2016|format=|time=28:50|location=|publisher=For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology|id=|isbn=|oclc=|quote=Of course, we had tremendous help in doing all of this from our friends at Walt Disney Imagineering. Not only did they produce the teaser for us, but they helped us keep the story of this game front and center.|ref=|deadurl=no|df=mdy-all}} Further reading
External links
8 : 1952 establishments in California|Amusement ride manufacturers|Animatronics companies|Audio-Animatronics|Companies based in Glendale, California|Disney technology|Walt Disney Parks and Resorts|American companies established in 1952 |
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