| 词条 | Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research |
| 释义 |
| name = Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research | image = New WEHI logo.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | latin_name = Fiat Lux | motto = Let there be light | founder = Harry Brookes Allen | established = {{start date and age|1915|df=y}} | mission = Translational medical research | focus = | president = Christopher Thomas | ceo = | chairman = | head_label = Director | head = Doug Hilton {{post-nominals|country=AUS|sep=,|AO|FAA}} | faculty = University of Melbourne | adjunct_faculty = Royal Melbourne Hospital | staff = approx. 1,000 {{small|(incl. 166 students)}} | key_people = | budget = {{AUD}}105 million {{small|(2015)}} | endowment = | debt = | num_members = | subsidiaries = | owner = | non-profit_slogan = | former_name = Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Research in Pathology and Medicine | location = {{VICcity|Parkville}} | city = Melbourne | state = Victoria | province = | country = Australia | coor = {{coord|37.798|S|144.956|E|display=title,inline|format=dms}} | address = | website = {{URL|www.wehi.edu.au}} | dissolved = | footnotes = [1] }} The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, more commonly known as the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, abbreviated as WEHI ({{IPAc-en|lang|pron|hw|iː|ˈ|h|aɪ}}), is Australia's oldest medical research institute.[2] Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, who won the Nobel Prize in 1960 for his work in immunology, was director from 1944 to 1965. Burnet developed the ideas of clonal selection and acquired immune tolerance. Later, Professor Donald Metcalf discovered and characterised colony-stimulating factors. {{As of|2015}}, the institute hosted more than 750 researchers who work to understand, prevent and treat diseases including blood, breast and ovarian cancers; inflammatory diseases (autoimmunity) such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease; and infectious diseases such as malaria, HIV and hepatitis B and C.[2] Located in Parkville, Melbourne, it is closely associated with The University of Melbourne and The Royal Melbourne Hospital. The institute also has a campus at La Trobe University. The Director of WEHI, since July 2009, is Professor Doug Hilton {{post-nominals|country=AUS|sep=,|AO|FAA}}, a molecular biologist. HistoryThe institute was founded in 1915 using funds from a trust established by Eliza Hall following the death of her husband Walter Russell Hall. The institute owes its origin to the inspiration of Harry Brookes Allen, who encouraged the use of a small portion of the charitable trust to found a medical research institute.[3] The vision was for an institute that 'will be the birthplace of discoveries rendering signal service to mankind in the prevention and removal of disease and the mitigation of suffering.’ In April 1915 the new Melbourne Hospital agreed to provide a home for the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Research in Pathology and Medicine, as it was then known. A few weeks later, the new institute's director-designate, Gordon Mathison, suffered fatal wounds in the ANZAC Battle of Gallipoli. The floors set aside for the institute in the grounds of the old Melbourne Hospital were given over to the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories in 1918 until a new director could be secured at the cessation of hostilities.[4] Sydney Patterson was appointed the first director and took up his post in 1919. Patterson resigned and returned to England in 1923. He was followed by Charles Kellaway for the critical years 1923-44. Kellaway formalised research streams, supported aspiring local researchers, built up public benefactions and secured the first Commonwealth grants for the institute's researches.[5] He also oversaw the plans and construction of the first separate institute building adjacent to the new Royal Melbourne Hospital, which opened in 1942. Under Kellaway's directorship, the institute came to achieve international recognition as a centre for excellence in medical research by the outbreak of World War II.[6]Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet was the institute director between 1944 and 1965, and he brought the institute to international prominence for virological research, especially influenza, and then for immunology. Such was the nature of Burnet’s achievement that he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1960 with Sir Peter Medawar for the discovery of immunological tolerance.[6] Sir Gustav Nossal succeeded Burnet as director in 1965, aged 35. Under his stewardship, the institute grew in size and scope, with its scientists making important discoveries in the control of immune system responses, cell cycle regulation and malaria.[7] During this time, the group led by Professor Donald Metcalf discovered and characterised the colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), which have benefited more than 10 million cancer patients worldwide.[8] Between 1996 and 2009, it was led by Professor Suzanne Cory. Since July 2009, Professor Doug Hilton {{post-nominals|country=AUS|sep=,|AO|FAA}} has been the director of WEHI.[9] In the lead up to its centenary in 2015, the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute underwent significant building redevelopment. A new west wing was built in 2012, nearly doubling the institute's size, funded by the Victorian and Australian Governments and The Atlantic Philanthropies.[10] ResearchThe institute focuses solely on medical research, centered around{{Citation needed|date=August 2015}}:
The institute is organised into the following 15 divisions (with current Division Heads in parentheses):[6]
The institute is one of five research centres to establish the ACRF Centre for Therapeutic Target Discovery - an Australian-first collaborative and comprehensive cancer research centre. The new consortium is funded by a $5 million grant awarded in 2006 by the Australian Cancer Research Foundation. The award is in honour of Australian businessman Sir Peter Abeles {{post-nominals|country=AUS|AC}}.[11] EducationThe institute forms the department of Medical Biology at the University of Melbourne; graduate students enrolled at the University who undertake research at the institute can obtain a Bachelor of Science (Honours), Bachelor of Biomedicine (Honours) or Doctor of Philosophy degree; medical students can also study for Advanced Medical Science. Undergraduate students can also be part of the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP). During the 2005–2006 financial year 17 students obtained a PhD at the WEHI, while 17 obtained a Bachelor of Science (Honours). As of June 2006, the Institute hosts 60 PhD students.[12] The institute is also part of the Gene Technology Access Centre led by Chief Executive Officer Jacinta Duncan, located next to the institute building at University High School, which provides education programs in molecular and cell biology for secondary students in Victoria.[13] See also{{stack|{{portal|Victoria|Health|Molecular and Cellular Biology}}}}
References1. ^{{cite web |title=Annual Report 2015 |url=http://www.wehi.edu.au/misc/annualreports/annualreport_2015/ |publisher=Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research |date=2016 |access-date=13 September 2016}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url= http://www.wehi.edu.au/sites/default/files/2014-WEHI-Annual-Report.pdf |title=2014 Annual Report|date=2014 |accessdate=1 January 2015 |website= |publisher=Walter and Eliza Hall Institute |last= |first= }} 3. ^{{Cite journal|title=Charles Halliley Kellaway. 1889-1952 |url=http://rsbm.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/doi/10.1098/rsbm.1953.0013 |journal=Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society |date=1 January 1953 |volume=8 |issue=22 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1953.0013 |first=H. H. |last=Dale}} 4. ^{{Cite book|title = Australian Science in the Making |last=Courtice |first=F. R. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1988 |isbn=9780521396400 |location= |pages=277–307 |chapter=Research in the medical sciences: The road to independence |editor-last=Home |editor-first=Roderick |chapter-url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=w4oY-w1I3GsC&pg=PA277&lpg=PA277&dq=Research+in+the+Medical+Sciences:+the+Road+to+National+Independence&source=bl&ots=pTm2A6fw2C&sig=H1rotLSQU2ySlvm_6RYbtpOz7qo&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Research%20in%20the%20Medical%20Sciences%3A%20the%20Road%20to%20National%20Independence&f=false}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last1=Hobbins|first1=PG|last2=Winkel|first2=KD|title=The forgotten successes and sacrifices of Charles Kellaway, director of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1923-1944.|journal=The Medical Journal of Australia|date=2007|volume=187|issue=11-12|pages=645–8|pmid=18072902}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url = https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/themes/medicine/wehi/index.html |title=The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute |date=1997 |accessdate=1 January 2015 |website=Nobel Prize Foundation |publisher= |last=Fenner |first=Frank |first2=Suzanne| last2=Cory}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Charlesworth|first1=Max|title=Life among the scientists : an anthropological study of an Australian scientific community|date=1989|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Melbourne|isbn=0-19-554999-6}} 8. ^{{Cite book |title=Diversity and discovery: the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1965-1996 |author=Nossal, Gustav |publisher=Miegunyah Press |year=2007 |isbn=9780522851175 |location= |pages= }} 9. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.wehi.edu.au/WEHI_Press/index_single_press.php?id=167 |title=The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute announces the next Director |publisher=Walter and Eliza Hall Institute |date=24 February 2009 |access-date= }} 10. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.wehi.edu.au/about/history/parkville-development |title=Parkville development|date = |accessdate=1 January 2015 |website= |publisher=Walter and Eliza Hall Institute |last = |first = }} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.acrf.com.au/cancer-research-projects/acrf-centre-for-therapeutic-target-discovery/ |title=ACRF Centre for Therapeutic Target Discovery |publisher=Australian Cancer Research Foundation |date= |access-date= }} 12. ^{{cite web |url= |title=Annual Report 2005–2006 |year=2006 |publisher=Walter and Eliza Hall Institute |access-date= |pages=126–129 }} 13. ^{{Cite web |title=About GTAC |url=http://www.gtac.edu.au/about/our-story/ |website=www.gtac.edu.au |accessdate=1 January 2015}} External links
1 : Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research |
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