词条 | Walter Bagehot |
释义 |
| name = Walter Bagehot | image = Walter Bagehot NPG cropped.jpg | image_size = 225px | caption = Portrait by Norman Hirst, after an unknown artist | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1826|2|3}} | birth_place = Langport, Somerset, England | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1877|3|24|1826|2|3}} | death_place = Langport, Somerset, England | party = Liberal[1] | nationality = British | alma_mater = University College London | occupation = Businessman, essayist, journalist | signature = File:Walter Bagehot signature.png }} Walter Bagehot ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|æ|dʒ|ə|t}} {{respell|BAJ|ət}}; 3 February 1826 – 24 March 1877) was a British journalist, businessman, and essayist, who wrote extensively about government, economics, and literature. LifeBagehot was born in Langport, Somerset, England, on 3 February 1826. His father, Thomas Watson Bagehot, was managing director and vice-chairman of Stuckey's Bank. He attended University College London (UCL), where he studied mathematics, and in 1848 earned a master's degree in moral philosophy.[2] Bagehot was called to the bar by Lincoln's Inn, but preferred to join his father in 1852 in his family's shipping and banking business. In 1858, Bagehot married Elizabeth (Eliza) Wilson (1832–1921), whose father, James Wilson, was the founder and owner of The Economist; the couple were happily married until Bagehot's untimely death at age 51, but had no children.[3] A collection of their love-letters was published in 1933.[4] JournalismIn 1855, Bagehot founded the National Review with his friend Richard Holt Hutton.[5][6] In 1861, he became editor-in-chief of The Economist. In the 17 years he served as its editor, Bagehot expanded The Economists reporting on politics and increased its influence among policymakers. WorksIn 1867, Bagehot wrote The English Constitution,[7] a book that explores the nature of the constitution of the United Kingdom, specifically its Parliament and monarchy. It appeared at the same time that Parliament enacted the Reform Act of 1867, requiring Bagehot to write an extended introduction to the second edition which appeared in 1872. Bagehot also wrote Physics and Politics (1872),[8] in which he examines how civilisations sustain themselves, arguing that in their earliest phase civilisations are very much in opposition to the values of modern liberalism, insofar as they are sustained by conformism and military success, but once they are secured it is possible for them to mature into systems which allow for greater diversity and freedom. In A Description of the Money Market (1873) Bagehot seeks to explain the world of finance and banking.[9] His observations on finance are often cited by central bankers, most recently in the wake of the global financial crisis which began in 2007. Of particular importance is "Bagehot's Dictum" that in times of financial crisis central banks should lend freely to solvent depository institutions, yet only against sound collateral and at interest rates high enough to dissuade those borrowers that are not genuinely in need.[10] LegacyBagehot never fully recovered from a bout of pneumonia he suffered in 1867, and he died in 1877 from complications of what was said to be a cold.[11] Collections of Bagehot's literary, political, and economic essays were published after his death. Their subjects ranged from Shakespeare and Disraeli to the price of silver. In honour of his contributions, The Economists weekly commentary on current affairs in the UK is entitled "Bagehot". Every year, the British Political Studies Association awards the Walter Bagehot Prize for the best dissertation in the field of government and public administration. Minor planet 2901 Bagehot discovered by Luboš Kohoutek is named in his honor.[12] Major publications
References1. ^{{cite journal |last1=Selinger |first1=William |last2=Conti |first2=Greg |title=Reappraising Walter Bagehot's Liberalism: Discussion, Public Opinion, and the Meaning of Parliamentary Government |journal=History of European Ideas |date=2015 |volume=41 |issue=2 |page=264}} 2. ^Hutton, Richard Holt (1915). [https://archive.org/stream/worksandlifewal00barrgoog#page/n6/mode/2up "Memoirs."] In: The Works and Life of Walter Bagehot, Vol. 1. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., pp. 1–54. 3. ^{{cite web|last1=Roberts|first1=David H.|title=Walter Bagehot: A Brief Biography|url=http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/bagehot/bio.html|website=The Victorian Web|accessdate=10 April 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Women's Studies Subject Guide: Eliza Wilson|url=http://www.hull.ac.uk/arc/collection/womensstudies/wilson.html|website=University Archives|publisher=The University of Hull|accessdate=10 April 2016}} 5. ^[https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9428981 Walter Bagehot by St. Norman John-Stevas The British Council/National Book League/Longmans, Greene & Co.] London. (1963) 6. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=Lnazy2B3SQAC&pg=PA272&dq=isbn:0199270376&hl=es#PPA50,M1 {{cite book |title=Victorian Print Media: A Reader |author=Andrew King, John Plunkett |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-19-927037-8 |page=50 |quote=National Review (1855–64) one of the most prestigious quarterlies of mid-century |publisher=Oxford University Press}}] 7. ^1 {{citation|author=Walter Bagehot|title=The English Constitution|edition=1st|location=London|publisher=Chapman & Hall|year=1867|oclc=60724184|title-link=:File:Walter Bagehot, The English Constitution (1st ed, 1867).pdf}}. 8. ^{{cite web |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101019642824;view=2up;seq=528;size=150 |title=Physics and Politics. No. I. The Pre-Economic Age. |last=Bagehot |first=Walter |date=November 1867 |website=Hathi Trust |publisher=Fortnightly Review |access-date=17 July 2018 |quote= This three-part article was published over the course of three years in the Fortnightly Review: the first section was published in November, 1867; the second section in April, 1868; and the third in July, 1869.}} 9. ^"Bagehot and International Lending". by Professor M. Lipton. The Financial Times (London, England),Tuesday, June 12, 1984; p. 17; edition 29,344. 10. ^Paul Tucker, Deputy Governor, Financial Stability, Bank of England, "The Repertoire of Official Sector Interventions in the Financial System: Last Resort Lending, Market-Making, and Capital" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220193000/http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/speeches/2009/speech390.pdf |date=20 February 2012 }}, Bank of Japan 2009 International Conference, 27–28 May 2009, p. 5 11. ^Roger Kimball, "The Greatest Victorian", The New Criterion October 1998. 12. ^{{cite book|title=(2901) Bagehot In: Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |pages = 238|publisher=Springer |date=2003 |isbn=978-3-540-29925-7 |doi=10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_2902|chapter = (2901) Bagehot}} Bibliography
Further reading{{Refbegin|30em}}
External links{{Commons category}}{{wikisource author}}{{wikiquote}}
10 : British political scientists|English constitutionalists|Alumni of University College London|Members of Lincoln's Inn|The Economist people|English essayists|People from Langport|1826 births|1877 deaths|English historical school of economics |
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