“Argentina and the World Bank”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The World Bank is an international financial organisation. Its primary purpose is to offer loans to countries for capital projects.^[2]

Argentina

In 2019 Argentina’s economic freedom score was 52.2, ranking 148th globally. Its overall score decreased by 0.1 points, with plunging scores for fiscal health and government spending, outweighing improvements in monetary freedom{{Clarify|reason=|date=March 2019}} and property rights. Argentina ranked 26th among 32 countries in the Americas region, and its overall score remained below the regional and world average.

Since the 2015 presidential election, Argentina's economic policies prioritized unification of the exchange rate, reaching an agreement with international creditors, modernizing import policies, reducing inflation and reforming the national statistics system.^[5] Experts claimed these reforms would lower external tariffs, increase GDP and increase trade.^[4]

In April 2017, after a long period of financial distress, President Mauricio Macri declared that "Argentina is in the middle of a cultural change" and that "Argentina is back in the world. Argentina wants to play a significant role in the global scenario."^[5] Argentina did increase its international trade. Argentina is a member of the G20. The country is looking into the OECD to become an observer in the Pacific Alliance.

At the beginning of 2019, economic growth slowed, producing forecasts of a recession. In April 2018, the Argentine peso depreciated with its value decreasing by 50% against the dollar. This caused inflation to skyrocket in June.^[1] Notwithstanding an ongoing crisis of confidence in the economy, President Macri is sticking with his government’s politically risky austerity plan of budget cuts and tax increases to close the fiscal gap.^[6]

History

The World Bank has helped Argentina on multiple occasions. It offered new loans after the economic downturn of 2017

In 2017, the President of the World Bank, Jim Yong Kim met with Argentinian officials in Buenos Aires. During his visit, Kim made a public speech focused on trade opportunities, knowledge sharing and cutting edge technology.^[7] Kim announced that the World Bank's two billion dollar investment in Argentina would be in sectors such as renewable energy, human development, agriculture, infrastructure, and in poverty reduction.^[7]

The World Bank announced in November 2018 that the first 500 million dollars of the investment would target the overall finances of Argentina. Another $450 million would go to the Children and Youth Protection Program. According to the agreement, the 32.5 year work period would be extended an additional 7.5 years if the projects do not achieve results.^[8]

International Finance Corporation

The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an organization within the World Bank that specializes in investment, advisory, and asset management services and aims to promote private-sector development in developing countries.^[9] Since 2000 the IFC has partnered with the Pan American Energy group, the second largest gas and oil organization in Argentina.^[10]

IFC provided a $55 million loan to Banco Industrial in Argentina to give more to small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Located in Buenos Aires Banco Industrial is a private bank that focuses on short-term and well-coordinated financial products. IFC promotes the idea that smaller businesses will create jobs and drive financial growth. SMEs are one mode of Argentina economic development, which Banco Industrial has focused on as a basis for digital banking.^[11]

References

1. ^¹²{{Cite news|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/argentina/overview#1|title=Overview|work=World Bank|access-date=2018-11-30}}
2. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.worldbank.org|title=World Bank Group - International Development, Poverty, & Sustainability|work=World Bank|access-date=2018-12-01}}
3. ^{{Cite journal|last=Bank|first=The World|date=2000-03-23|title=Poverty report for Argentina|url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/768561468000279728/Poverty-report-for-Argentina}}
4. ^¹{{Cite news|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2018/04/12/why-trade-investment-and-competition-reforms-matter-for-argentina|title=Why Trade, Investment and Competition Reforms Matter for Argentina|work=World Bank|access-date=2018-12-02}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/04/06/news/economy/argentina-world-economic-forum/index.html|title=Argentina's president: We're back on the world stage|last=Gillespie|first=Patrick|date=2017-04-06|website=CNNMoney|access-date=2018-12-11}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.heritage.org/index/country/argentina|title=Argentina Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business, Trade, FDI, Corruption|website=www.heritage.org|access-date=2019-02-24}}
7. ^¹{{Cite news|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2017/09/01/argentina---turning-the-corner-on-the-path-to-shared-prosperity|title=Argentina – Turning the Corner on the Path to Shared Prosperity|work=World Bank|access-date=2018-12-03}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2018/11/01/pr-banco-mundial-apoya-argentina|title=World Bank Supports Argentina with US$950 Million and Reinforces Protection for the Most Vulnerable|website=World Bank|access-date=2018-12-05}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/CORP_EXT_Content/IFC_External_Corporate_Site/Home/HomePageDefaultContent|title=IFC - International Finance Corporation|website=www.ifc.org|access-date=2018-12-11}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/Industry_EXT_Content/IFC_External_Corporate_Site/OGM+Home/Mining_Deals2|title=Pan American Energy, Argentina – A Relationship Spanning Over 20 Years|website=www.ifc.org|access-date=2018-12-10}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://ifcextapps.ifc.org/IFCExt/Pressroom/IFCPressRoom.nsf/0/213ECE6E17347B15852582EC004AF702|title=Press Releases|website=ifcextapps.ifc.org|access-date=2018-12-10}}