| 词条 | Waraka ibn Nawfal |
| 释义 |
| name = Warqah | image = | education = Christian and Jewish Scriptures | parents = Nawfal Hind | relatives = Khadija bint Khuwaylid (biological cousin/cousin-in-law) }} Warqah (Warqah) ibn Nawfal ibn Asad ibn Abd-al-Uzza ibn Qusayy Al-Qurashi (Arabic {{lang|ar|ورقه بن نوفل بن أسد بن عبد العزّى بن قصي القرشي}}) was an Arab priest and the paternal first cousin of Khadija bint Khuwaylid, the first wife of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Warqah and Khadija were also the first cousins twice removed of Muhammad: their paternal grandfather Asad ibn Abd-al-Uzza was Muhammad’s matrilineal great-great-grandfather.[1] By another reckoning, Warqah was Muhammad's third cousin once removed: Asad ibn Abd-al-Uzza was a grandson of Muhammad's patrilineal great-great-great-grandfather Qusai ibn Kilab. Warqah was the son of a man called Nawfal and his consort — Hind, daughter of Abī Kat̲h̲īr. Warqah was proposed to be married to Khadija, but the marriage never took place.[2] Warqah was a Nestorian priest and is revered in Islamic tradition for being one of the first hanifs to believe in the prophecy of Muhammad.[3] LifeWaraka studied the Bible under Jews and Christians[4] and read an Arabic translation of the New Testament.[5] He also wrote the New Testament in Arabic.[6] He was a scholar trained in Christian and Jewish Tradition and its Eschatology regarding the Last Messenger as mentioned in Bible. Hadith TraditionsOnce in the heat of the day Waraka passed an open valley, where Umayyah ibn Khalaf was forcing his slave Bilal ibn Rabah to lie with a large rock on his chest until he denied his faith and worshipped Al-Lat and Al-‘Uzzá. Bilal kept insisting, "One, one!" i.e., there was only one God. Waraka joined, "One, one, by God, Bilal!" He then protested against the abuse, telling Umayyah and his clan: "I swear by God that if you kill him in this way, I will make his tomb a shrine." Umayyah took no notice.[7] Ibn Kathir doubts this tradition because the persecution of the Muslims only began several years after Waraka's death.[8] Also capable slaves were very costly, hence it would be counter intuitive to harm your own investment. However, Sprenger points out that Bilal, being ancestrally Abyssinian, was probably a Christian before he was a Muslim, and it may be possible that Umayyah was persecuting him for this reason before 610. In that case, the story that Waraka tried to help his co-religionist is likely to be true.[9] Aisha also said: "The Prophet returned to Khadija while his heart was beating rapidly. She took him to Waraqa bin Naufal who was a Christian convert and used to read the Gospel in Arabic. Waraqa asked (the Prophet), "What do you see?" When he told him, Waraqa said, "That is the same angel whom Allah sent to the Prophet Moses. Should I live till you receive the Divine Message, I will support you strongly."[10] As Muhammad grew in age, Waraka's knowledge of the scriptures increased. Several years later, when told of Muhammad's first revelation (which is understood to be Sura 96:1-5), Waraka acknowledged his call to prophecy as authentic. Tradition recounts Waraka saying: "There has come to him the greatest Law that came to Moses; surely he is the prophet of this people".[11] A narration from Aisha gives these details: Khadija then accompanied him to her cousin Waraqa bin Naufal bin Asad bin 'Abdul 'Uzza, who, during the Pre-Islamic Period became a Christian and used to write the writing with Hebrew letters. He would write from the Gospel in Hebrew as much as God wished him to write. He was an old man and had lost his eyesight. Khadija said to Waraqa, "Listen to the story of your nephew, O my cousin!" Waraqa asked, "O my nephew! What have you seen?" God's Apostle described whatever he had seen. Waraqa said, "This was the same one who keeps the secrets whom Allah had sent to Moses (Angel Gabriel). I wish I were young and could live up to the time when your people would turn you out." God's Apostle asked, "Will they drive me out?" Waraqa replied in the affirmative and said, "Anyone (man) who came with something similar to what you have brought was treated with hostility; and if I should remain alive till the day when you will be turned out then I would support you strongly." But after a few days Waraqa died and the Divine Inspiration was also paused for a while.[12][13] Muhammed then said to have said of Waraka: "Do not slander Waraka ibn Nawfal, for I have seen that he will have one or two gardens in Paradise."[14]In a hadith, Khadija told Muhammad that Waraka "believed in you, but he died before your advent." Muhammed added: "I saw him in a dream, and upon him were white garments. If he were among the inhabitants of the Fire then he would have been wearing other than that."[15] References{{Portal|Islam}}1. ^Muhammad ibn Saad, Tabaqat vol. 1. Translated by Haq, S. M. Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir, p. 54. Delhi: Kitab Bhavan. 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=C. F.|title=Encyclopedia of Islam|date=2012|isbn=9789004161214|edition=Second|url=http://fulla.augustana.edu:2177/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/waraka-b-nawfal-SIM_7863?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=Waraka}} 3. ^Encyclopedia of Islam, Online ed., Warqah bin. Nawfal 4. ^Muhammad ibn Ishaq. Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad, p. 107. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5. ^Bukhari 4:55:605. 6. ^Muslim 1:301. 7. ^Ibn Ishaq/Guillaume pp. 143-144. 8. ^Ismail ibn Umar ibn Kathir. Al-Sira al-Nabawiyya. Translated by Le Gassick, T. (1998). The Life of the Prophet Muhammad, vol. 1 p. 357. Reading, U.K.: Garnet Publishing. 9. ^Sprenger, A. (1851). The Life of Mohammad, from Original Sources, pp. 161-162. Allahabad: The Presbyterian Mission Press. 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Quran/Sources/BBwaraqa.html|last=Islamic Awareness|title=Did Waraqa Ibn Nawfal Teach The Prophet? (Aisha: volume 4, book 55, number 605)|accessdate=3 March 2019}} 11. ^Ibn Ishaq/Guillaume p. 107. 12. ^Bukhari 1:1:3. See also Bukhari 4:55:605; Bukhari 9:87:111; Muslim 1:301. 13. ^Reading Islam.com What Really Happened Up There? 14. ^Saheeh al-Jaami as-Sagger, 6/1534, no. 7197 15. ^Tirmidhi 4:8:2288. External links
5 : Arab Christians|Converts to Christianity|Christianity and Islam|Khadija|Quraish |
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