| 词条 | Asquith Xavier |
| 释义 |
Asquith Camile Xavier was a West Indian-born Briton who ended a colour bar at British Railways in London by fighting to become the first non-white train guard at Euston railway station in 1966. [1][2][3] Trevor Phillips, when chairman of the Commission for Racial Equality, said in 2006: "Asquith's stand against discrimination brought to light the inadequacy of early race discrimination laws and persistent widespread discrimination faced by ethnic minorities." [4] A plaque at the station commemorates his achievement. Xavier was born on 18 July 1920 in Dominica, which was then a British colony. He was a member of the Windrush generation of British African-Caribbean people who migrated to the United Kingdom after the second world war to fill vacancies in service industries. DiscriminationXavier joined British Railways. In 1966 he was working as a guard at Marylebone station in central London. He applied for a promotion and transfer to work at Euston, but was rejected. A letter from a staff committee at Euston—which was dominated by members of the National Union of Railwaymen—explained it was because of his colour. Unions and management had informally agreed in the 1950s to ban non-white people from jobs at Euston that involved contact with the public; they could be cleaners and labourers, but not guards or ticket collectors. The Race Relations Act of 1965 had made discrimination on "grounds of colour, race, or ethnic or national origins" unlawful in public places in Great Britain (but not Northern Ireland). Xavier could not use this legislation to further his case as it did not cover workplaces.[5] Xavier persisted. A union official publicised the rejection by writing a letter of protest to the head of the National Union of Railwaymen on his behalf.[6] Two members of parliament wrote to the secretary of state for transport, Barbara Castle,[7] to ask her to direct British Railways to end racial discrimination. On 15 July 1966 British Railways announced that colour bars at stations in London had been abandoned. Xavier was offered the job with his pay backdated to May, which was when he had been originally rejected. Xavier could not take up the job immediately as he was recovering from hospital treatment for an ulcer. He received hate mail and death threats, and asked for police protection. He started work on 15 August 1966.[8] DeathXavier died in 1980 in Chatham, Kent.[9] In the mediaOona King presented a BBC Radio 4 documentary, "Asquith's Fight for Equality", about his story in 2016—the fiftieth anniversary of his victory.[10] The same year, The One Show on BBC One television interviewed Xavier's family and covered the unveiling of the plaque at Euston station that marked his fight.[11]See also{{portal|Biography|Discrimination|United Kingdom}}
References1. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/15/newsid_3043000/3043439.stm|title=Euston staff 'colour bar' ended|accessdate=2018-07-17|date=1966-07-15|work=On This Day|publisher=BBC News|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307123432/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/15/newsid_3043000/3043439.stm|archivedate=2008-03-07|deadurl=no}} 2. ^Oona King, "Asquith's Fight for Equality", BBC Radio 4, 2016-10-26. 3. ^{{cite news|title= RAILWAY COLOR BAR IS BROKEN IN LONDON |date= July 16, 1966| url=https://nyti.ms/2LsIzEX|publisher=New York Times |accessdate=July 18, 2018}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/first-class-hero-633709|title= FIRST-CLASS HERO: Forty years ago, this man changed the face of race relations in Britain after beating a colour bar on the railways |accessdate=2018-07-26|date=2006-07-15|work=The Mirror|publisher=MGN | }} 5. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/8/newsid_4457000/4457112.stm|title=1965: New UK race law 'not tough enough' |accessdate=2018-07-26|date=1965-12-08|work=On This Day|publisher=BBC News| }} 6. ^{{Cite news|url=|title=Colour bar protest over railman.|last=|first=|date=11 July 1966|work=The Times (London, England)|access-date=|page=12}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1966-07-15/debates/b65aca94-436b-4d17-90a6-3a40aaa9716c/ColouredWorkers|title=Coloured Workers - Hansard|website=hansard.parliament.uk|language=en|access-date=2018-07-27}} 8. ^{{cite news |author1=Mirror Reporter |title=CLOCKING ON .. A RAIL PIONEER |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000560/19660816/024/0004 |accessdate=19 August 2018 |publisher=Daily Mirror |date=16 August 1966}} 9. ^"England and Wales Death Registration Index 1837-2007," database, FamilySearch(https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVZ9-G3T1 : 4 September 2014), Asquith Camile Xavier, 1980; from "England & Wales Deaths, 1837-2006," database, findmypast(http://www.findmypast.com : 2012); citing Death Registration, Chatham, Kent, England, General Register Office, Southport, England. 10. ^Oona King, "Asquith's Fight for Equality", BBC Radio 4, 2016-10-26. 11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04b5rtp|title=Busting the colour bar, 06/10/2016, The One Show - BBC One|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-07-27}} External Links
5 : Civil rights activists|1920 births|1980 deaths|British civil rights activists|Dominica_people |
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