| 释义 |
- Description
- Habitat and distribution
- Ecology
- Conservation
- Herbal medicine
- References
{{Speciesbox
|taxon = Astragalus danicus
|image = Astragalus danicus - aas-hundihammas.jpg
|status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
|authority = Retz.[1]
|synonyms = Astragalus hypoglottis sensu auct.
|synonyms_ref = [1]
}}Astragalus danicus, known as purple milk-vetch,[1] is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae (legumes), which is native to Europe.DescriptionAstragalus danicus is a perennial herb. It grows to about {{cvt|30|cm|0}} tall with pinnate 3-7cm compound leaves having 13–27 5-12mm long hairy leaflets. Its flowers are usually in shades of blue and purple, rarely white, {{cvt|15|–|18|mm|1}} long and clustered in short, compact racemes, looking like a single composite flower. They are followed by dark brown, fruit pods {{cvt|7|–|9|mm|1}} long, with white hairs.[5] There is some evidence that seeds persist in the soil seed bank, but seed dispersal is poor (generally only 50cm).[2][3][4]Habitat and distributionAstragalus danicus ranges across Europe from Ireland and subarctic Russia south to the Alps and central Ukraine.It grows on short, unimproved and dry grassland, usually over limestone or chalk, but can also be found on sand dunes, sandstone sea cliffs, machair and over mica-schist. Rarely it has been found on woodland rides and firing ranges. It grows to an altitude of just 710m. It is very unable to compete with taller plants and this seems to be the main reason it is not found in habitats with acidic or fertilised soils.[5][6][7] EcologyAstragalus danicus flowers provides nectar and are visited by many insects. It is considered to be mainly pollinated by bees.[8]In the UK the grasslands where A. danicus is found are predominantly Festuca, Bromopsis and Brachypodium grasslands.[9] The species is non-toxic and its common name in English comes from the popular belief in history that cows fed with purple milk-vetch yielded more milk.[10] ConservationAstragalus danicus has protected status. It is considered endangered by the IUCN. In the United Kingdom it has vulnerable status and has been a Biodiversity Action Plan priority species since 2007.[11]Astragalus danicus has declined since the start of the enclosure farming system in the 18th Century, however declines accelerated in some parts of its range since the 1930s, due to agricultural improvement and in some cases due to land going without grazing (the species can only grow in short vegetation).[12][13]Herbal medicineAstragalus danicus has been indicated to have a number of beneficial medicinal effects, particularly in combatting high blood pressure, however health supplements labelled as 'milk-vetch' may contain extracts from a different species in the genus Astragalus.[14] Some other species in the genus Astragalus are known to be toxic to animals and referred to in the USA as 'locoweed'.[15]References1. ^{{cite web|title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |format=xls |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VqJ46atN?url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-date=2015-01-25 |accessdate=2014-10-17 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
2. ^BSBI Species Accounts Archive
3. ^[https://www.plantlife.org.uk/application/files/3814/8232/1186/Purple_milk_vetch.pdf Plant Life International - Species Fact Sheet]
4. ^[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23064973?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Folia Geobotanica]
5. ^[https://www.brc.ac.uk/plantatlas/plant/astragalus-danicus Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora]]
6. ^BSBI Species Accounts Archive
7. ^[https://www.plantlife.org.uk/application/files/3814/8232/1186/Purple_milk_vetch.pdf Plant Life International - Species Fact Sheet]
8. ^[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23064973 Folia Geobotanica]
9. ^BSBI Species Accounts Archive
10. ^BSBI Species Accounts Archive
11. ^BSBI Species Accounts Archive
12. ^[https://www.brc.ac.uk/plantatlas/plant/astragalus-danicus Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora]
13. ^BSBI Species Accounts Archive
14. ^[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4791984/ Pharmacognosy Review]
15. ^[https://www.ars.usda.gov/pacific-west-area/logan-ut/poisonous-plant-research/docs/locoweed-astragalus-and-oxytropis-spp/ USDA Poisonous Plant Research]
16. ^1 {{Citation |last=Stace |first=Clive |authorlink = Clive Stace |year=2010 |title=New Flora of the British Isles |edition=3rd |publication-place=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-70772-5 |pp=150–151}}
17. ^1 2 {{citation |title=Astragalus danicus |work=The Plant List |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/ild-8620 |accessdate=2016-08-03}}
}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q163342}}{{Astragalus-stub}} 1 : Astragalus |