| 词条 | Australian Defence League |
| 释义 |
| name = Australian Defence League | pronounce = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | named_after = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | abbreviation = ADL | motto = | predecessor = | merged = | successor = Patriots Defence League Australia | formation = 2009 | founder = Ralph Cerminara | founding_location = Sydney | extinction = | merger = | type = Far-right | tax_id = | registration_id = | status = | purpose = Anti-Islamism | headquarters = | location = Sydney, Australia | coords = | region = | services = | products = | methods = | fields = | membership = | membership_year = | language = | owner = | sec_gen = | leader_title = President | leader_name = Chris Rothwell | leader_title2 = President, Western Sydney | leader_name2 = Nathan Abela | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | board_of_directors = | key_people = | main_organ = | parent_organization = | subsidiaries = | secessions = | affiliations = | budget = | budget_year = | revenue = | revenue_year = | disbursements = | expenses = | expenses_year = | endowment = | endowment_year = | staff = | staff_year = | volunteers = | volunteers_year = | slogan = | mission = | website = | remarks = | formerly = | footnotes = }}{{terrorism}}{{islamophobia}} The Australian Defence League (ADL) is a militant far-right, white nationalist street gang. The group is anti-Islam, and has been involved in making terrorist threats, abusing, stalking and doxxing Muslim Australians. The gang was founded in Sydney in 2009 by convicted criminal Ralph Cerminara.[1] Cerminera is a recidivist with a significant criminal record, including convictions for assault, high-range drink-driving and breaching apprehended violence orders. In 2019 Cerminera was jailed for at least nine months after being found guilty of assaulting and threatening his neighbors in March 2018.[2] HistoryThe ADL was founded in 2009 a registered not-for-profit organisation. They were founded as an offshoot of the English Defence League. Stalking, verbal abuse and harassmentIn 2014, the group came to national attention after it was revealed that ADL members and followers had been stalking and photographing Muslim women on public transport, verbally abusing Muslims, displaying anti-Islamic posters outside mosques, and threatening to blow up an Islamic school.[3] Later in 2014, in what police believe was retaliation for the bomb threat, the home of Nathan Abela, former President of the ADL, was fired upon.[3] Following pressure by people associated with the #illridewithyou campaign, Facebook shut down pages of ADL.[4] On 22 December 2014, two members of the ADL, including Cerminara, were involved in a brawl outside Sydney's Lakemba mosque, arrested, and charged with affray and behaving in an offensive manner. They were subsequently convicted and jailed for five weeks.[5][6] Bendigo mosque protestsBeginning in 2014, The organisation was involved in the Voices of Bendigo and Stop the Mosques Bendigo protests. The group was one of a number of far-right groups, including the Q Society, Reclaim Australia, True Blue Crew and the United Patriots Front, that opposed the construction of a $3 million mosque and Islamic community centre in Bendigo, Victoria.[7][8] See also
References1. ^{{cite web |last1=White |first1=Alex |title=The pro-white gangs spreading race hate across Australia |url=https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/law-order/the-prowhite-gangs-spreading-race-hate-across-australia/news-story/7384aef1faabe901d9f6937756a76ea8 |website=The Herald Sun |publisher=News International |accessdate=30 March 2019}} {{neo-Nazism}}2. ^{{cite web |last1=Thompson |first1=Angus |title=Ex-head of Australian right-wing group posted anti-Islamic material online in breach of court order |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/ex-head-of-australian-right-wing-group-posted-anti-islamic-material-online-in-breach-of-court-order-20190320-p515xx.html |website=The Sydney Morning Herals |publisher=Fairfax |accessdate=30 March 2019}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Rubinsztein-Dunlop |first1=Sean |title=Tensions between Australian Defence League and Muslim community reach violent new heights |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-04-21/anti-islam-hate-campaign-raises-tensions-to-violent-new-heights/5402526|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=3 December 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|last1=Kimmorley|first1=Sarah|title=Facebook Has Shut Down The Australian Defence League's Racist Page On Complaints From #illridewithyou Supporters|url=https://www.businessinsider.com.au/facebook-has-shut-down-the-australian-defence-leagues-racist-page-on-complaints-from-illridewithyou-supporters-2014-12|website=Business Insider|accessdate=3 December 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web |title=Australian Defence League leader Ralph Cerminara refused bail over Lakemba brawl |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-12-23/australian-defence-league-members-denied-bail-over-lakemba-brawl/5986264 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=3 December 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web |last1=Hall |first1=Bianca |title=Street fights and 'internet vigilantes': Inside Australia's anti-Islam movement |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/street-fights-and-internet-vigilantes-inside-australias-antiislam-movement-20151014-gk914v.html |website=Sydney Morning Herald |publisher=Fairfax |accessdate=30 March 2019}} 7. ^{{cite web |title=Sociel Cohesion In Bendigo |url=https://www.multicultural.vic.gov.au/images/2017/VMCSocialCohesionInBendigo.pdf |website=Victorian Multicultural Commission |publisher=Victorian Government |accessdate=30 March 2019}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/farright-group-spreading-antimosque-message-in-bendigo-20140621-zshj4|title=Far-right group spreading anti-mosque message in Bendigo|publisher=theage.com |date=23 June 2014|accessdate=15 January 2016}} 9. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-12-30/romper-stomper-stan-russell-crowe-skinheads-neo-nazis/9291716|title=Romper Stomper reboot is a compelling investigation into Australia's extremist politics|date=30 December 2017|work=ABC News |accessdate=14 January 2018}} 20 : Australian nationalism|Anti-immigration politics in Oceania|Antisemitism in Australia|Antisemitism|Australian nationalism|Australian white nationalists|Far-right political parties in Australia|Islamophobia|Islamophobia in Australia|Neo-Nazi political parties|Neo-Nazism|Neo-Nazism in Australia|Opposition to Islam in Australia|Organisations based in Victoria (Australia)|Persecution of Muslims|Racism in Australia|White nationalism in Australia|White nationalist groups|White supremacy|White nationalist terrorism |
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