| 词条 | Waterloo, Ontario | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Waterloo |official_name = City of Waterloo |settlement_type = City (lower-tier) |nickname = "The Tri-City", "The 'Loo", "K–W"[1] |motto = Stability |image_blank_emblem = Waterloo,_Ontario_(typing).svg |blank_emblem_size = 100x90px |postal_code_type = Forward sortation area |postal_code = N2J to N2L, N2T to N2V |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = Waterloo, Ontario.png |mapsize = 200px |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Canada Southern Ontario |pushpin_map_caption = Location of Waterloo in Ontario |short_description = City in Ontario, Canada |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{CAN}} |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = {{ON}} |subdivision_type2 = Region |subdivision_name2 = Waterloo |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Dave Jaworsky |leader_title1 = Governing Body |leader_name1 = Waterloo City Council |leader_title2 = City CAO |leader_name2 = Tim Anderson |leader_title3 = MP |leader_name3 = Bardish Chagger (Liberal) |leader_title4 = MPP |leader_name4 = Catherine Fife (NDP) |established_title = Incorporated |established_date = May 27, 1857 |image_skyline = Uptown Waterloo Ontario.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption = Uptown Waterloo, looking south down King Street. |area_magnitude = |area_footnotes = [2] |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = 64.02 |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |population_as_of = 2016 |population_note = |population_footnotes = [2][3] |population_total = 104,986 (51st) |population_density_km2 = 1520.7 |population_metro = 523,894 (10th) |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_urban = |population_demonym = Waterluvian[4] |timezone = Eastern (EST) |utc_offset = −5 |timezone_DST = EDT |utc_offset_DST = −4 |coordinates = {{coord|43|28|N|80|31|W|region:CA-ON|display=inline,title}} |area_code = 519 and 226 |elevation_m = 329 |website = www.waterloo.ca |footnotes = }} Waterloo is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is the smallest of three cities in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo (and previously in Waterloo County, Ontario), and is adjacent to the city of Kitchener. Kitchener and Waterloo are often jointly referred to as "Kitchener–Waterloo", "KW", or the "Twin Cities" (when the reference includes the nearby city of Cambridge, Ontario, the term "Tri-Cities" or "the Tri-City" are used). While there were several unsuccessful attempts to combine the cities of Kitchener and Waterloo, following the 1973 establishment of the Region of Waterloo there was less motivation to do so. At the time of the 2016 census, the population of Waterloo was 104,986.[2] History{{refimprove section|date=April 2012}}Waterloo started on land that was part of a parcel of {{convert|675,000|acre|km2}} assigned in 1784 to the Iroquois alliance that made up the League of Six Nations. The rare gift of land from Britain to indigenous people took place to compensate for wartime alliance during the American Revolution. Almost immediately—and with much controversy—the native groups began to sell some of the land. Between 1796 and 1798, {{convert|93,000|acre|km2}} were sold through a Crown Grant to Richard Beasley, with the Six Nations Indians continuing to hold the mortgage on the lands. The first wave of immigrants to the area comprised Mennonites from Pennsylvania.[5] They bought deeds to land parcels from Beasley and began moving into the area in 1804. The following year, a group of 26 Mennonites pooled resources to purchase all of the unsold land from Beasley and to discharge the mortgage held by the Six Nations Indians. Many of the pioneers arriving from Pennsylvania after November 1803 bought land in a 60,000 acre section of Block Two from the German Company which had been established by a group of Mennonites from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. The Tract included most of Block 2 of the previous Grand River Indian Lands. Many of the first farms were least four hundred acres in size.[6][7] The German Company, represented by Daniel Erb and Samuel Bricker, had acquired the land from previous owner Richard Beasley; he had gotten into financial difficulties after buying the land in 1796 from Joseph Brant who represented the Six Nations. The payment to Beasly, in cash, arrived from Pennsylvania in kegs, carried in a wagon surrounded by armed guards.[8] The Mennonites divided the land into smaller lots; two lots owned by Abraham Erb became the central core of Waterloo. Erb, often called the founder of Waterloo, had come to the area in 1806 from Franklin County, Pennsylvania. He bought 900 acres of bush land in 1806 from the German Company and founded a sawmill (1808) and grist mill (1816); these the focal point of the area. The grist mill operated continuously for 111 years. Other early settlers of what would become Waterloo included Samuel and Elia Schneider who arrived in 1816. Until about 1820, settlements such as this were quite small.[6][9] In 1816 the new township was named after Waterloo, Belgium, the site of the Battle of Waterloo (1815), which had ended the Napoleonic Wars in Europe. After that war, the new township became a popular destination for German immigrants. By the 1840s, German settlers had overtaken the Mennonites as the dominant segment of the population. Many Germans settled in the small hamlet to the southeast of Waterloo. In their honour, the village was named Berlin in 1833 (renamed to Kitchener in 1916). By 1831, Waterloo had a small post office in the King and Erb Street area, operated by Daniel Snyder, some 11 years before one would open in neighbouring Berlin.[10] The Smith's Canadian Gazetteer of 1846 states that the Township of Waterloo (smaller than Waterloo County) consisted primarily of Pennsylvanian Mennonites and immigrants directly from Germany who had brought money with them. At the time, many did not speak English. There were eight grist and twenty saw mills in the township. In 1841, the population count was 4424. In 1846 the village of Waterloo had a population of 200, "mostly Germans". There was a grist mill and a sawmill and some tradesmen.[11] By comparison, Berlin (Kitchener) had a population of about 400, also "mostly German", and more tradesmen than the village of Waterloo."[12] Berlin was chosen as the site of the seat for the County of Waterloo in 1853. By 1869, the population was 2000.[13] Waterloo was incorporated as a village in 1857 and became the Town of Waterloo in 1876 and the City of Waterloo in 1948. In 2016, a corduroy road was unearthed in the King St. area of the business district; a second section was discovered near the Conestoga mall. The road was probably built by Mennonites using technology acquired in Lancaster County Pennsylvania, between the late 1790s and 1816. The log road was buried in about 1840 and a new road built on top of it.[14][15] GeographyWaterloo's city centre is located near the intersection of King and Erb streets. Since 1961, the centrepiece has been the Waterloo Town Square shopping centre, which underwent a thorough renovation in 2006. Much of the mall was torn down and has been replaced by buildings that emphasize street-facing storefronts. Residents refer to the Waterloo city centre as "uptown" (often capitalized), while "downtown" is reserved for the Kitchener city centre, as Kitchener had been the dominant centre, and Waterloo was a small town on the Kitchener's north side. Waterloo surged into a significant City in the third-quarter of the 20th Century, due in large part to its role as a university city. It has also benefited with the growth of Insurance companies. Waterloo has prospered with the relationship between the Tech Sector, which has blossomed, and the University of Waterloo whose technology graduates have excelled. Blackberry, formerly Research In Motion, is the best example. The city centre was once along Albert Street, near the Marsland Centre and the Waterloo Public Library. The town hall, fire hall, and farmers' market were located there. Amidst some controversy, all were demolished between 1965 and 1969. ParksThere are five main parks in the city:
WaterwaysThe Grand River flows southward along the east side of the city. Its most significant tributary within the city is Laurel Creek, whose source lies just to the west of the city limits and its mouth just to the east, and crosses much of the city's central areas including the University of Waterloo lands and Waterloo Park; it flows under the uptown area in a culvert. In the west end of the city, the Waterloo Moraine provides over 300,000 people in the region with drinking water. Much of the gently hilly Waterloo Moraine underlies existing developed areas. Ongoing urban growth, mostly in the form of low-density residential suburbs (in accordance with requests by land developers), will cover increasing amounts of the remaining undeveloped portions of the Waterloo Moraine. {{wide image|Waterloo_Ontario_Pano.jpg|1000px|Uptown looking Northwest from the Uptown Parkade. Landmarks visible include the Marsland Centre on the extreme left and Waterloo City Hall on the extreme right.}}ClimateThe Climate of Waterloo is Humid continental (Köppen) (Dfb) {{Weather box|location = Waterloo Regional Airport (1981−2010) |metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan maximum humidex = 13.4 |Feb maximum humidex = 13.0 |Mar maximum humidex = 28.0 |Apr maximum humidex = 33.7 |May maximum humidex = 39.6 |Jun maximum humidex = 43.2 |Jul maximum humidex = 47.7 |Aug maximum humidex = 48.3 |Sep maximum humidex = 41.2 |Oct maximum humidex = 34.5 |Nov maximum humidex = 24.4 |Dec maximum humidex = 22.1 |year maximum humidex = 48.3 |Jan record high C = 14.2 |Feb record high C = 13.7 |Mar record high C = 27.0 |Apr record high C = 29.2 |May record high C = 32.0 |Jun record high C = 36.1 |Jul record high C = 36.0 |Aug record high C = 36.5 |Sep record high C = 33.3 |Oct record high C = 29.4 |Nov record high C = 21.7 |Dec record high C = 18.7 |year record high C = 36.5 |Jan high C = −2.6 |Feb high C = −1.2 |Mar high C = 3.6 |Apr high C = 11.5 |May high C = 18.5 |Jun high C = 23.6 |Jul high C = 26.0 |Aug high C = 24.8 |Sep high C = 20.4 |Oct high C = 13.5 |Nov high C = 6.3 |Dec high C = 0.2 |year high C = 12.0 |Jan mean C = −6.5 |Feb mean C = −5.5 |Mar mean C = −1.0 |Apr mean C = 6.2 |May mean C = 12.5 |Jun mean C = 17.6 |Jul mean C = 20.0 |Aug mean C = 18.9 |Sep mean C = 14.5 |Oct mean C = 8.2 |Nov mean C = 2.5 |Dec mean C = −3.3 |year mean C = 7.0 |Jan low C = −10.3 |Feb low C = −9.7 |Mar low C = −5.6 |Apr low C = 0.8 |May low C = 6.4 |Jun low C = 11.5 |Jul low C = 14.0 |Aug low C = 12.9 |Sep low C = 8.6 |Oct low C = 2.9 |Nov low C = −1.4 |Dec low C = −6.8 |year low C = 2.0 |Jan record low C = −31.9 |Feb record low C = −29.2 |Mar record low C = −25.4 |Apr record low C = −16.1 |May record low C = −3.9 |Jun record low C = −0.6 |Jul record low C = 5.0 |Aug record low C = 1.1 |Sep record low C = −3.7 |Oct record low C = −8.3 |Nov record low C = −15.4 |Dec record low C = −27.2 |year record low C = −31.9 |Jan chill = -40.5 |Feb chill = -37.1 |Mar chill = -30.2 |Apr chill = -20.6 |May chill = -8.1 |Jun chill = 0.0 |Jul chill = 0.0 |Aug chill = 0.0 |Sep chill = -4.1 |Oct chill = -11.9 |Nov chill = -22.2 |Dec chill = -31.2 |year chill = -40.5 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 65.2 |Feb precipitation mm = 54.9 |Mar precipitation mm = 61.0 |Apr precipitation mm = 74.5 |May precipitation mm = 82.3 |Jun precipitation mm = 82.4 |Jul precipitation mm = 98.6 |Aug precipitation mm = 83.9 |Sep precipitation mm = 87.8 |Oct precipitation mm = 67.4 |Nov precipitation mm = 87.1 |Dec precipitation mm = 71.2 |year precipitation mm = 916.5 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 28.7 |Feb rain mm = 29.7 |Mar rain mm = 36.8 |Apr rain mm = 68.0 |May rain mm = 81.8 |Jun rain mm = 82.4 |Jul rain mm = 98.6 |Aug rain mm = 83.9 |Sep rain mm = 87.8 |Oct rain mm = 66.1 |Nov rain mm = 75.0 |Dec rain mm = 38.0 |year rain mm = 776.8 |snow colour = green |Jan snow cm = 43.7 |Feb snow cm = 30.3 |Mar snow cm = 26.5 |Apr snow cm = 7.3 |May snow cm = 0.38 |Jun snow cm = 0.0 |Jul snow cm = 0.0 |Aug snow cm = 0.0 |Sep snow cm = 0.0 |Oct snow cm = 1.4 |Nov snow cm = 13.0 |Dec snow cm = 37.2 |year snow cm = 159.7 |humidity colour = green |time day = 6am |Jan humidity = 86.4 |Feb humidity = 83.4 |Mar humidity = 84.8 |Apr humidity = 84.4 |May humidity = 84.7 |Jun humidity = 87.0 |Jul humidity = 90.1 |Aug humidity = 93.6 |Sep humidity = 94.3 |Oct humidity = 90.6 |Nov humidity = 87.6 |Dec humidity = 87.1 |year humidity = 87.8 |unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm |Jan precipitation days = 18.2 |Feb precipitation days = 14.2 |Mar precipitation days = 13.8 |Apr precipitation days = 13.7 |May precipitation days = 12.4 |Jun precipitation days = 12.0 |Jul precipitation days = 10.6 |Aug precipitation days = 10.7 |Sep precipitation days = 12.2 |Oct precipitation days = 13.9 |Nov precipitation days = 16.4 |Dec precipitation days = 18.1 |year precipitation days = 166.0 |unit rain days = 0.2 mm |Jan rain days = 5.6 |Feb rain days = 5.0 |Mar rain days = 6.9 |Apr rain days = 11.5 |May rain days = 12.4 |Jun rain days = 12.0 |Jul rain days = 10.6 |Aug rain days = 10.7 |Sep rain days = 12.2 |Oct rain days = 13.7 |Nov rain days = 11.6 |Dec rain days = 6.9 |year rain days = 118.7 |unit snow days = 0.2 cm |Jan snow days = 16.1 |Feb snow days = 11.9 |Mar snow days = 9.0 |Apr snow days = 3.3 |May snow days = 0.18 |Jun snow days = 0.0 |Jul snow days = 0.0 |Aug snow days = 0.0 |Sep snow days = 0.0 |Oct snow days = 0.91 |Nov snow days = 6.5 |Dec snow days = 14.4 |year snow days = 62.2 |source 1 = Environment Canada[18] |date=March 2011}} Waterloo has a humid continental climate of the warm summer subtype (Dfb under the Köppen climate classification); this means that there are large seasonal differences, usually very warm to hot (and humid) summers and cold (to very cold) winters. Compared to the rest of Canada, it has moderate weather. Winter temperatures generally last from the middle of December until the middle of March, while summer temperatures generally occur between the middle of May to close to the end of September. Temperatures can exceed 30℃ (86℉) several times a year. Waterloo has approximately 140 frost-free days per year. Demographics
Many locals are of ethnic German descent. There is also a strong Mennonite presence. The universities and colleges along with its thriving technology and electronics presence attract a large number of individuals from elsewhere in Canada and the world. The population according to the 2016 Canadian Census is 104,986[19] (Sources other than the census may indicate higher numbers due to treatment of the student population.) According to the Canada 2011 Census,[20] the population of Waterloo was 98,780, a 1.3% increase from 2006. The population density was 1,542.9 people per square km. The median age was 37.6 years old, lower than the national median age at 40.6 years old. There are 42,984 private dwellings with an occupancy rate of 87.3%. According to the 2011 National Household Survey, the median value of a dwelling in Waterloo is $324,837 which is a bit higher than the national average at $280,552. The median household income (after-taxes) in Waterloo is $67,150, fairly higher than the national average at $54,089. Race and ethnicity
ReligionFrom the 2001 census data, excluding post-secondary students temporarily residing in Waterloo:[21]
EconomyWaterloo has a strong knowledge- and service-based economy with significant insurance and high-tech sectors as well as two universities.[22] The city's largest employers are Sun Life Financial, the University of Waterloo, Manulife Financial, BlackBerry, Sandvine and Wilfrid Laurier University.{{Citation needed|date=September 2008}} The city is also home to three well-known think tanks – the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, an advanced centre for the study of foundational, theoretical physics and award-winning educational outreach in science; the Institute for Quantum Computing, based at the University of Waterloo, which carries out innovative research in computer, engineering, mathematical and physical sciences; and the Centre for International Governance Innovation, an independent, nonpartisan think tank that addresses international governance challenges. The city is part of Canada's Technology Triangle (CTT), a joint economic development initiative of Waterloo, Kitchener, Cambridge and the Region of Waterloo that markets the region internationally. Despite its name, CTT does not focus exclusively on promoting technology industries, but on all aspects of economic development. Waterloo has a strong technology sector with hundreds of high-tech firms.[22] The dominant technology company in the city is BlackBerry, makers of the BlackBerry, which has its headquarters in the city and owns several office buildings near the University of Waterloo's main campus. Notable Waterloo-based high-tech companies include:
Many other high-tech companies, with headquarters elsewhere, take advantage of the concentration of high-tech employees in the Waterloo area, and have research and development centres there. Shopify, SAP, Google, Oracle, Intel, McAfee, NCR Corporation, Electronic Arts and Agfa are among the large, international technology companies with development offices in Waterloo. Before it became known for technology, Waterloo was sometimes[23] referred to as "the Hartford of Canada" because of the many insurance companies based in the area.[5] Manulife, Sun Life Financial, Equitable Life of Canada and Economical Insurance have a significant presence in the city. Breweries and distilleries had been a significant industry in the Waterloo area until 1993 when a Labatt-owned brewery was shut down. Now the only major brewery is the Brick Brewing Company. Waterloo was the original home of distiller Seagram (also home town of many descendants of J.P. Seagram), which closed its Waterloo plant in 1992. Of the remaining Seagram buildings, one became home of the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), while others were converted into condominiums. The city encourages location filming of movies and TV series and many have taken advantage of Waterloo locations. Recent titles include Downsizing (released in 2017), The Demolisher (2015) and Degrassi: The Next Generation (2015).[24] Largest employers in the city of Waterloo[25]
Arts and culture{{unreferenced section|date=April 2017}}Events and festivals
AttractionsWaterloo is home to several notable tourist attractions and areas of interest. These include:
Other nearby attractions include:
SportsThere are two lawn bowling clubs serving Waterloo: Heritage Greens LBC and Kitchener LBC, which both function as part of District 7 of the Ontario Lawn Bowling Association. Both clubs offer programs for all ages. There are three sports teams and two university varsity teams.
Both play at Ontario University Athletics of Canadian Interuniversity Sport.
GovernmentWaterloo City Council consists of seven councillors, each representing a ward, and a mayor. The number of wards expanded from five to seven in the November 2006 elections. The current mayor of Waterloo is Dave Jaworsky, who was elected in October 2014.[29] The current Waterloo City Council is constituted as follows:
Past and present city councils have been committed to providing for the explosive population growth that is coming with the local economic boom. Rapidly developing subdivisions are often described by their critics as urban sprawl that threatens environmentally sensitive areas and valuable agricultural land. Waterloo was part of Waterloo County, Ontario until 1973 when a restructuring created the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, (often referred to as Waterloo Region or the Region of Waterloo), which consists of the cities of Waterloo, Kitchener, and Cambridge, and the townships of Woolwich, Wilmot, Wellesley, and North Dumfries. The Region handles many services, including paramedic services, policing, waste management, recreation, planning, roads and social services.[30] In federal politics, the city of Waterloo is located entirely within the electoral district of the same name. In provincial politics, the city is contained within the Kitchener–Waterloo electoral district. The Waterloo AwardThe Waterloo Award, established in 1997, is the highest civic honour a person can receive from the City of Waterloo.[31] InfrastructureTransportationRoadsThe Conestoga Parkway, numbered as Highway 86 within Waterloo, connects Waterloo with Kitchener, Highway 7/8 (the continuation of the Conestoga Parkway), Ontario Highway 8, Highway 401 and Cambridge south of Highway 401. Waterloo shares several of its north-south arterial roads with neighbouring Kitchener. They include (from east to west) Bridge Street, Weber Street, King Street, Westmount Road, Fischer-Hallman Road, and Ira Needles Boulevard. Regina Street (located between Weber and King Streets) and Albert Street (located between King Street and Westmount Road) are north-south collector roads located entirely within Waterloo. The city's east-west thoroughfares are almost entirely located within city limits, with the exception of Union Street, which has a small section in Kitchener, and Bridgeport Road which has its eastern end in the Bridgeport area of Kitchener. Waterloo's major east-west arterial roads are (from south to north) Union Street, Erb Street, Bridgeport Road, University Avenue, Columbia Street, and Northfield Drive. There are numerous bicycle pathways. The Iron Horse Trail, which originates in Kitchener, enters Uptown Waterloo and links with the Laurel Trail that extends into the northern part of the city. As of early 2017, construction of Phase 1 of the Region of Waterloo's light rail project was about 90 per cent complete[32] although other major road reconstruction projects scheduled for 2017 and 2018 will bring new detours. Public transportPublic transport throughout Waterloo Region is provided by Grand River Transit, created by a merger of Kitchener Transit (which served Waterloo) and Cambridge Transit in January 2000. GRT operates a number of bus routes in Waterloo, with many running into Kitchener. In September 2005 an express bus route called iXpress was added for runs from downtown Cambridge to Fairview Park Mall in south Kitchener to Conestoga Mall in north Waterloo. The ION light rail system is currently under construction and will supplement and integrate with the bus network upon completion. Light rapid transit{{See also|Rapid transit in Waterloo Region}}The Galt, Preston and Hespeler electric railway (later called the Grand River Railway) began to operate in 1894 connecting Preston and Galt. In 1911, the line reached Hespeler, Kitchener (then called Berlin) and Waterloo; by 1916 it had been extended to Brantford/Port Dover.[33][34] The electric rail system ended passenger services in April, 1955, leaving the city and region with no local rail services for more than 60 years. In June 2011, Waterloo Region council confirmed approval of the plan for a light rail transit line between Conestoga Mall in north Waterloo and Fairview Park Mall in south Kitchener, with rapid buses through to the "downtown Galt" area of Cambridge.[35] In this Stage 1, the Ion rapid transit train will run through the downtown/uptown areas of Kitchener and Waterloo. Construction on the light rail system began in August 2014 and the Stage 1 service was expected to begin in 2017. Most of the rails had been installed by the end of 2016; the maintenance facility and all underground utility work had been completed.[36] The start date of service was postponed to early 2018, however, because of delays in the manufacture and delivery of the vehicles by Bombardier Transportation. As of 24 February 2017, only a single sample of a train car had arrived for testing.[37] Until light rail transit is extended to the "downtown Galt" area of Cambridge from Kitchener in Stage 2, rapid transit will be provided by bus; adapted iXpress buses will run between Fairview Park Mall and the Ainslie Street Transit Terminal.[38][39] In late February 2017, plans for the Stage 2 (Cambridge section) of the Ion rail service were still in the very early stage; public consultations were just getting started at the time.[40][41] RailwaysWaterloo is not currently served by any regularly scheduled passenger rail service. Via Rail trains between Sarnia and Toronto stop at the nearby Kitchener railway station southeast of uptown Waterloo at the corner of Victoria Street and Weber Street. The station is accessible by local buses via Kitchener's downtown Charles Street transit terminal. A tourist train that previously ran out of Waterloo Station was moved to depart from St. Jacobs Farmers' Market when construction began on the ION Light Rail line. The nearest GO Transit railway station is Kitchener GO Station, as the Kitchener Line (formerly the Georgetown Line) has extended to Kitchener on December 19, 2011. In addition, Waterloo is served by GO buses which stop at the University of Waterloo and Wilfrid Laurier University, with destinations of Square One City Centre Terminal, Milton GO Station, and York University. In May 2007, city council gave approval for a non-profit tourist train to run between Waterloo Station[42] and St. Jacobs, reviving the route of the Waterloo-St. Jacobs Railway from the late 1990s. In 2015, the railway lost regular running rights south of Northfield Drive to make way for the Ion rapid transit project. All Market Train service now departs from the St. Jacobs Farmers Market. The Waterloo Central Railway are run on trains at 10am, 12pm, and 2pm from April to November. The Waterloo Station continues to operate as a Visitor & Heritage Information Centre[42] and is located at 10 Father David Bauer Drive. Intercity transportIn addition to GO bus services mentioned above, Coach Canada offers service from the Charles St. Terminal in Kitchener to McMaster University and Hamilton, Ontario, with various stops, including Sheffield, Rockton and Dundas in between.[43] Greyhound buses to Toronto Bus Terminal also service Waterloo at a stop on the University of Waterloo campus, with some trips operating via Guelph. AirportThe closest airport to Waterloo is the Region of Waterloo International Airport in nearby Breslau, but while it is a thriving general-aviation field, it is not heavily served by scheduled airlines. Most air travelers use Toronto's Lester B. Pearson International Airport or John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport. WestJet has scheduled daily non-stop service to Calgary from Waterloo International Airport using Boeing 737-700 aircraft in winter season and larger Boeing 737-800 aircraft in spring and summer season. They started service out of Region of Waterloo International Airport on May 14, 2007, for the summer season and then decided to fly year-round due to strong passenger demand. During the winter months Sunwing Airlines offers service to Dominican Republic. Recent upgrades to the runways, approach lighting and terminal building have permitted larger aircraft to use this airport. Airlines that no longer serve the airport include Trillium and Bearskin (to Ottawa), Mesaba (Northwest Airlines' feeder to Detroit), American Airlines (to Chicago) and Sky Service (to sun destinations). Health careHospital services in the region are provided by Grand River Hospital which includes a Freeport Campus and St. Mary's General Hospital, both located in Kitchener, as well as Cambridge Memorial Hospital.[44] All three were highly ranked for safety in a national comparison study in 2017-2018, particularly the two located in Kitchener, but all would benefit from reduced wait times.[45] Long-term care beds are provided at numerous facilities.[46] Grand River Hospital has a capacity of 574-beds; the Freeport location was merged into it in April 1995.[47] That secondary campus provides complex continuing care, rehabilitation, longer-term specialized mental health and other services.[48] The King St. location is also the home of the Grand River Regional Cancer Centre which opened in 2003.[49] St. Mary's General Hospital is a 150-bed adult acute-care facility and includes the Regional Cardiac Care Centre with two cardiovascular operating rooms, an eight bed cardiovascular intensive care unit and 45 inpatient beds.[50] [51] As of late 2018, Cambridge Memorial had 143 beds but was in the midst of a major expansion expected to be completed in 2021.[52]Family doctors are often in short supply, and a source of great concern among residents. Recruiting efforts over the previous 15 years certainly achieved some success as of September 2018, but needed to be continued.[53] Announced January 2006, as a new School of Medicine, the Waterloo Regional Campus of McMaster University was completed in 2009. In 2018, the Waterloo campus included "a complete on-site clinical skills laboratory with 4 skills rooms and 2 observation rooms, classrooms with video-conferencing capabilities and a state-of-the-art anatomy lab that was built in 2013 with a high definition video system", according to the University. Its Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine building includes the Centre for Family Medicine and the University of Waterloo School of Optometry and Vision Science.[54] EducationThe Intelligent Community Forum named Waterloo the Top Intelligent Community of 2007.[55] SecondaryUntil the 1960s, with a few minor exceptions, Waterloo students would attend high school in Berlin/Kitchener. In 1914, Waterloo Lutheran Seminary added a high school department, named the College School, primarily to provide secondary education for prospective seminary students. The College School was discontinued in 1929. Between 1940 and 1950, due to overcrowding in Kitchener–Waterloo Collegiate and Vocational School, some grade nine classes were housed in Elizabeth Ziegler Public School. Starting in the 1960s, several high schools opened in Waterloo. In 1958 it was announced that Waterloo would have its own secondary school. A $1,247,268 school was built on a 20-acre (81,000 m2) site on Hazel Street. Waterloo Collegiate Institute opened on September 6, 1960. In 1968, Laurel Vocational School (later University Heights Secondary School) opened, and in 1972 Waterloo's third public high school, Bluevale Collegiate Institute, opened. In 1965, St. David Senior School, which served grades 7–10, opened in the north of the city. St. David was turned into a high school in 1985 and was renamed St. David Catholic Secondary School. University Heights Secondary School closed in 2004 and Sir John A. Macdonald Secondary School opened that same year. As of 2007, there were five high schools based in Waterloo. Three are operated by the Waterloo Region District School Board: Bluevale Collegiate Institute (east), Sir John A. Macdonald Secondary School (west), and Waterloo Collegiate Institute (central). two are operated by the Waterloo Catholic District School Board: St. David Catholic Secondary School and Resurrection Catholic Secondary School. Post-secondaryThe main campuses of the University of Waterloo and Wilfrid Laurier University are located in Waterloo. This includes the many associated universities and colleges, including St. Jerome's University, St. Paul's University College, Conrad Grebel University College, Renison University College and the Balsillie School of International Affairs. Kitchener-based Conestoga College also has a Waterloo campus, located at the former University Heights Secondary School on University Avenue near Weber Street. Conestoga purchased the building in January 2006 for nearly $6 million from the Waterloo Region District School Board. It is double the size of its previous Waterloo campus on King Street, which was sold after the University Heights building was acquired. Media{{Main|Media in Waterloo Region}}References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://atuw.ca/things-to-do-in-the-loo-freebie-edition/|title=@UW|publisher=}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3530016&Geo2=CD&Code2=3530 |title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses |date=February 8, 2017 |accessdate=February 12, 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=541&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Kitchener&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |title=Kitchener (Census metropolitan area) community profile |publisher=Statistics Canada |work=2016 Census data |accessdate=February 8, 2011}} 4. ^{{cite tweet|user=townwaterloo|author=Town of Waterloo|number=395633428395081728|date=30 October 2013|title=Waterluvians! Don't forget about our trail renaming contest (prize = new bike). Entries accepted until Jan 31}} 5. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://www.waterloo.ca/150Anniversary/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=1780| title = Our Proud History| accessdate = August 30, 2007| publisher = City of Waterloo}} 6. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.whs.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/1930.pdf |title=History |author= |date=1930 |website=Waterloo Historical Society 1930 Annual Meeting |publisher=Waterloo Historical Society |access-date=13 March 2017}} 7. ^http://kitchener.foundlocally.com/Local/Info-CityHistoryToConfederation.htm 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.waterlooregionmuseum.com/collections-and-research/place-names-in-waterloo-region/waterloo-township/ |title=Waterloo Township |author= |date=2013 |website=Waterloo Region Museum Research |publisher=Region of Waterloo |access-date=13 March 2017 |quote=To correct the situation, a formal agreement was arranged between Brant and Beasley. This arrangement allowed Beasley to sell the bulk of Block Two in order to cover his mortgage obligations completely, while giving the Mennonite buyers legal title to land they had purchased. Beasley sold a 60,000 acre tract of land to the German Company of Pennsylvania represented by Daniel Erb and Samuel Bricker in November 1803. Beasley's sale to the German Company not only cleared him of a mortgage debt, but left him with 10,000 acres of Block Two land which he continued to sell into the 1830s.}} 9. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.city.waterloo.on.ca/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabID=898| title = Erb-Kumpf House, 172 King Street South, Designated: February 19, 1979| accessdate = August 30, 2007| publisher = City of Waterloo}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.therecord.com/living-story/7165738-flash-from-the-past-tracking-waterloo-s-mail/|title=Flash from the Past: Tracking Waterloo's mail|first=rych|last=mills|date=March 6, 2017|publisher=}} 11. ^{{cite book |last=Smith |first=Wm. H. |date=1846 |title=SMITH'S CANADIAN GAZETTEER - STATISTICAL AND GENERAL INFORMATION RESPECTING ALL PARTS OF THE UPPER PROVINCE, OR CANADA WEST:|url=https://archive.org/details/smithscanadianga00smit |location=Toronto |publisher=H. & W. ROWSELL |pages=205–206}} 12. ^{{cite book |last=Smith |first=Wm. H. |date=1846 |title=SMITH'S CANADIAN GAZETTEER - STATISTICAL AND GENERAL INFORMATION RESPECTING ALL PARTS OF THE UPPER PROVINCE, OR CANADA WEST:|url=https://archive.org/details/smithscanadianga00smit |location=Toronto |publisher=H. & W. ROWSELL |page=15}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/provinceontario00mcevgoog|title=The Province of Ontario Gazetteer and Directory: Containing Concise ...|first=|last=Henry McEvoy|date=March 5, 1869|publisher=Robertson & Cook|via=Internet Archive}} 14. ^[https://www.therecord.com/news-story/8926047-university-of-waterloo-researchers-hoping-to-borrow-corduroy-road-samples/ University of Waterloo researchers hoping to borrow corduroy road samples 26 September 2018] 15. ^https://www.therecord.com/news-story/8599125-corduroy-road-gives-a-glimpse-into-waterloo-s-past/ Corduroy road gives a glimpse into Waterloo’s past 10 May 2018] 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.waterloo.ca/en/index.asp|title=Home|date=February 20, 2018|publisher=}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wondersofwinter.ca/|title=Wonders of Winter – A Festival of Lights in Waterloo Park|website=www.wondersofwinter.ca}} 18. ^{{cite web| publisher = Environment Canada| url = ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/Pub/Normals/English/| title = Waterloo Wellington A| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010| accessdate = September 15, 2013}} 19. ^{{cite web|last1=Outhit|first1=Jeff|title=We're growing but not as fast, census shows|url=http://www.therecord.com/news-story/7110570-we-re-growing-but-not-as-fast-census-shows/|publisher=Waterloo Region Record|accessdate=9 February 2017}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3530016&Data=Count&SearchText=waterloo&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1|title=2011 National Household Survey Profile - Census subdivision|first=Government of Canada, Statistics|last=Canada|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}} 21. ^{{cite web| url = http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3530016&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Hamilton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All | title = All Data | publisher = Statistics Canada | accessdate = August 8, 2007}} 22. ^1 {{cite news| url = http://www.cbc.ca/canadavotes/riding/146/| title = Riding profile| accessdate = August 30, 2007| publisher = Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070612191530/http://www.cbc.ca/canadavotes/riding/146/ |archivedate = June 12, 2007}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://vitacollections.ca/kpl-gsr/details.asp?ID=47406|title=Town of Waterloo, Ontario: The Hartford of Canada|website=vitacollections.ca}} 24. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/search/title?locations=Waterloo,%20Ontario,%20Canada |title=Waterloo Locations |author= |date=2017 |website=IMDB |publisher=IMDB |access-date=12 March 2017}} 25. ^{{Cite news| title = Profitworks.ca Blog Post – Largest Employers In Waterloo and Kitchener| url = http://www.profitworks.ca/blog/902-blog/82-largest-employers-in-waterloo-and-kitchener| quote = A list of the top 20 employers in Waterloo Region. Ranking and figures are for the number of employment positions each company has located in Waterloo Region, not global employment numbers}} 26. ^{{cite web | url=http://us.blackberry.com/content/dam/bbCompany/Desktop/Global/PDF/Investors/Documents/2016/Q416_Financial_Statements.pdf | title = FY 2015 SEC Form 40|publisher=Research In Motion Investor Relations |accessdate=May 11, 2016}} 27. ^{{Cite news| title = Open Text announces Major Expansion in Waterloo| url = http://www.techvibes.com/blog/open-text-announces-major-expansion-in-waterloo| quote = Open Text Corporation unveiled plans today to expand its Waterloo facility to two buildings, doubling the company's footprint at its headquarters location}} 28. ^{{Cite news| title = Investment prospectus| url = http://www.city.waterloo.on.ca/Portals/57ad7180-c5e7-49f5-b282-c6475cdb7ee7/CS_EDM_documents/Invest_Per09.pdf| quote = Wilfrid Laurier University Staff Count}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/dave-jaworsky-elected-waterloo-mayor-1.2814880|title=Dave Jaworsky elected Waterloo mayor - CBC News|publisher=}} 30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.regionofwaterloo.ca/en/newslist/index.aspx?corpId=58cynQlfgqiAYQyTLmpurQeQuAleQuAl&newsId=QXgUIE1G6huJ6eu741OyPlUsgeQuAleQuAl |title=Get to Know Us During Local Government Week |author= |date=10 October 2012 |website=Waterloo Region |publisher=Waterloo Region |access-date=23 March 2013}} 31. ^{{cite web | title = Waterloo Award | publisher = The City of Waterloo | url = http://www.waterloo.ca/en/government/waterlooaward.asp | accessdate = November 18, 2017}} 32. ^{{cite web|last1=Desmond|first1=Paige|title=LRT project nearing completion after a challenging year|url=http://www.therecord.com/news-story/7043823-lrt-project-nearing-completion-after-a-challenging-year/|publisher=Waterloo Region Record|date=31 December 2016}} 33. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.explorewaterlooregion.com/2017/01/railway-history/ |title=CAMBRIDGE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON WATERLOO REGION'S LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT |author= |date=19 January 2017 |website=Waterloo Region |publisher=Waterloo Region |access-date=10 March 2017}} 34. ^{{cite news |last=Mills |first=Rych |date=10 January 2017 |title=Flash From the Past: Preston Car and Coach goes up in smoke |url=http://www.therecord.com/living-story/7058983-flash-from-the-past-preston-car-and-coach-goes-up-in-smoke/| work=Record |location=Kitchener |access-date=10 March 2017}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.therecord.com/news/local/article/548497--rail-plan-passes |title=Rail plan passes |publisher=TheRecord |date=2011-06-15 |accessdate=2012-02-20}} 36. ^{{cite news|last1=Desmond|first1=Paige|title=LRT construction 90 per cent complete|url=http://www.therecord.com/news-story/7035590-lrt-construction-90-per-cent-complete/|accessdate=25 March 2017|work=Waterloo Region Record|date=23 December 2016}} 37. ^{{cite web |url=http://kitchener.ctvnews.ca/bombardier-100-committed-to-delivering-ion-vehicles-by-end-of-2017-1.3299914 |title=Bombardier '100% committed' to delivering Ion vehicles by end of 2017 |last=Flanagan |first=Ryan |date=24 February 2017 |website=CTV News |publisher=Bell Media |access-date=24 March 2017}} 38. ^{{cite web|title=RAPID TRANSIT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PHASE 2, STEP 3b – PREFERRED RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM OPTION AND STAGING PLAN|url=http://rapidtransit.regionofwaterloo.ca/en/projectinformation/resources/e-09-073_-_recommended_system_report.pdf|accessdate=9 April 2015}} 39. ^{{cite web |title=ION Bus Rapid Transit - Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://www.grt.ca/en/travelwithus/FAQ-ION-Bus-Rapid-Transit.asp |accessdate=24 March 2017 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325024953/http://www.grt.ca/en/travelwithus/FAQ-ION-Bus-Rapid-Transit.asp |archivedate=March 25, 2017 |df=mdy-all }} 40. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/lrt-ion-cambridge-region-waterloo-1.3970421 |title=There's still wiggle room in the Region of Waterloo's LRT plans for Cambridge |last=Sharkey |first=Jackie |date=8 February 2017 |website=CBC |publisher=CBC |access-date=10 March 2017}} 41. ^{{cite web |url=https://rapidtransit.regionofwaterloo.ca/en/resourcesGeneral/FINAL_Stage-2-ION-PCC-No.-2-Display-Boards_reduced2.pdf |title=Stage 2 ION: Light Rail Transit (LRT) |last=Sharkey |first=Jackie |date=February 2017 |website=Region of Waterloo |publisher=Region of Waterloo |access-date=24 March 2017}} 42. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.waterloo.ca/en/government/visitorandheritageinformationcentre.asp|title=Visitor and Heritage Information Centre|website=www.waterloo.ca}} 43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.coachcanada.com/CoachUsaAssets/files/116/HamSep2013.pdf|title=Bus Schedules – Charters – Sightseeing – Tours - Coach USA|website=www.coachcanada.com}} 44. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.regionofwaterloo.ca/en/living-here/hospitals.aspx|title=Hospitals |publisher=Region of Waterloo|date=2011-02-15 |accessdate=2018-12-30}} 45. ^{{cite news |title=Waterloo Region hospitals rank well on readmissions, but wait times need work|date=29 November 2018|url=https://www.therecord.com/news-story/9058746-waterloo-region-hospitals-rank-well-on-readmissions-but-wait-times-need-work/|work=Waterloo Region Record|accessdate=30 December 2018|quote=Area hospitals ranked well in patient readmissions, but wait times need improving.}} 46. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.wwhealthline.ca/listServices.aspx?id=10665®ion=KitchenerWaterlooWellesleyWilmotWoolwich|publisher=Health Line|date=2018-01-03 |accessdate=2018-12-30}} 47. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.grhosp.on.ca/about|title=About GRH |publisher=GRH|date=2017-11-15 |accessdate=2018-12-30}} 48. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.grhosp.on.ca/care/locations/freeportcampus|title=Freeport Campus: 3570 King Street East, Kitchener|publisher=GRH|date=2017-11-15 |accessdate=2018-12-30}} 49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.grhosp.on.ca/care/locations/freeportcampus|title=Grand River Regional Cancer Centre celebrates 15 years of advanced cancer care this fall |publisher=GRH|date=2018-08-30 |accessdate=2018-12-30}} 50. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.smgh.ca/patient-care-programs/regional-cardiac-care-centre/|title=Regional Cardiac Care Centre |publisher=SMGH|date=2018-09-15 |accessdate=2018-12-30}} 51. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.smgh.ca/about-us/who-we-are/st-marys-statistics-facts-faqs/|title=About Us |publisher=SMGH|date=2018-09-15 |accessdate=2018-12-30}} 52. ^{{cite news |title=Banks take control of Cambridge hospital project|date=29 December 2018|url=https://www.therecord.com/news-story/9080473-banks-take-control-of-cambridge-hospital-project/|work=Waterloo Region Record|accessdate=30 December 2018|quote=BMO, as a lender and funder, called a performance bond to ensure there is funding to get the work done. Zurich Insurance is Bondfield's insurer.}} 53. ^{{cite news |title=Doctor recruitment an ongoing issue in Waterloo Region|date=18 September 2018|url=https://www.therecord.com/news-story/8910318-doctor-recruitment-an-ongoing-issue-in-waterloo-region/ |work=Waterloo Region Record|accessdate=30 December 2018|quote=BAlthough recruitment efforts over the past 15 years or so have brought many new physicians to the area, many residents are without a family doctor.}} 54. ^{{cite web|url=https://mdprogram.mcmaster.ca/campus/waterloo-regional-campus|title=WATERLOO REGIONAL CAMPUS |publisher=McMaster|date=2018-03-15 |accessdate=2018-12-30}} 55. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.intelligentcommunity.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=220| title = Intelligent Community Awards 2007| publisher = Intelligent Community Forum| accessdate = August 8, 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613112113/http://www.intelligentcommunity.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=220 |archivedate = June 13, 2007}} External links{{Commons category}}
| Centre = Waterloo | North = Woolwich | Northeast = | East = Woolwich | Southeast = Kitchener | South = | Southwest = Wilmot | West = | Northwest = Wellesley }}{{Geographic location |title = Districts within Waterloo |Northwest = Beechwood, Laurelwood, Laurel Creek Village, Columbia Forest, Upper Beechwood, Erbsville |North = Northdale, Lakeshore North, Lakeshore, Conservation Meadows |Northeast = Eastbridge, Colonial Acres, Lincoln Village, Lexington, Carriage Crossing, Country Squire |West = Vista Hills, Clair Hills, Beechwood West, Maple Hills, Westvale |Centre = Uptown Waterloo |East = Lincoln Heights, University Downs, Kiwanis Park Estates |Southwest = Westmount |South = Mary-Allen |Southeast = }}{{WaterlooRegion}}{{Authority control}} 7 : Waterloo, Ontario|German Canadian|High-technology business districts in Canada|Lower-tier municipalities in Ontario|Mennonitism in Canada|Populated places established in 1857|1857 establishments in Canada |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。