| 词条 | Aviolanda AT-21 | |||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Aviolanda AT-21 was a target drone developed in the Netherlands by Aviolanda. Powered by a pulsejet engine, it was the Netherlands' first drone to be successfully developed, and saw limited use in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Design and developmentDeveloped in 1955,[1] the AT-21 was of conventional aircraft design,[2] with a high-mounted, constant-chord monoplane wing and a twin tail empennage. Power was provided by a SNECMA AS-11 Ecrevisse pulsejet, mounted in a fairing underneath the aircraft's fuselage; the construction of the airframe made extensive use of plastic in the nose and tail, with the center-section being of metal construction, and the wings and tail were made of foam-filled plastic with metal stabilizers and rudders.[1] Launch was by JATO-type booster rockets from a zero-length launch ramp; a trolley for conventional takeoff from a runway was also available. Control was by radio commands from a remote guidance station, set up like an aircraft cockpit; if radio contact was lost, the parachute recovery system would automatically deploy. The parachutes could also be manually released at the end of a mission; the wing and tail would be separated by explosive bolts upon landing to simplify recovery and reduce the risk of damage during the process.[1] Endurance was up to one hour, and it was possible to fit a payload of cameras for aerial reconnaissance duties.[3] Operational historyThe first flight of the AT-21 took place in late 1955.[1] The first Dutch drone to successfully complete development,[3] it entered service with the Royal Dutch Navy.[4] Production of the AT-21 continued through 1958.[5] Specifications{{Aircraft specs|ref=Ordway and Wakeford[3] |prime units?=met |crew=None |capacity= |length m= |length ft=18 |length in= |length note= |span m=3.6 |span ft= |span in= |span note= |height m= |height ft= |height in= |height note= |wing area sqm= |wing area sqft= |wing area note= |aspect ratio= |airfoil= |empty weight kg= |empty weight lb= |empty weight note= |gross weight kg= |gross weight lb=660 |gross weight note= |max takeoff weight kg= |max takeoff weight lb= |max takeoff weight note= |fuel capacity= |more general= |eng1 number=1 |eng1 name=SNECMA AS-11 |eng1 type=pulsejet |eng1 kw= |eng1 lbf=190 |eng1 note= |power original= |more power= |max speed kmh= |max speed mph=220 |max speed kts= |max speed note= |max speed mach= |cruise speed kmh= |cruise speed mph= |cruise speed kts= |cruise speed note= |stall speed kmh= |stall speed mph= |stall speed kts= |stall speed note= |never exceed speed kmh= |never exceed speed mph= |never exceed speed kts= |never exceed speed note= |range km= |range miles= |range nmi= |range note= |combat range km= |combat range miles= |combat range nmi= |combat range note= |ferry range km= |ferry range miles= |ferry range nmi= |ferry range note= |endurance=one hour |ceiling m= |ceiling ft= |ceiling note= |g limits= |roll rate= |glide ratio= |climb rate ms= |climb rate ftmin= |climb rate note= |time to altitude= |lift to drag= |wing loading kg/m2= |wing loading lb/sqft= |wing loading note= |disk loading kg/m2= |disk loading lb/sqft= |disk loading note= |fuel consumption kg/km= |fuel consumption lb/mi= |power/mass= |thrust/weight= |more performance= |avionics= }} See also{{aircontent|see also= |related= |similar aircraft=
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}} ReferencesCitations1. ^1 2 3 {{Cite journal|title=Aviolanda's New Target Drone|magazine=Flight|date=4 November 1955|page=722|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1955/1955%20-%201605.PDF|accessdate=2017-12-15}} 2. ^Bowman 1957, p. 85. 3. ^1 2 Ordway and Wakeford 1960, p. N1. 4. ^Roskam 2002, p. 71. 5. ^El-Sayed 2017, p.102. Bibliography{{refbegin}}
9 : Aviolanda aircraft|Dutch special-purpose aircraft 1950–1959|High-wing aircraft|Single-engined jet aircraft|Target drones|Twin-tail aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1955|Pulsejet-powered aircraft|Unmanned aerial vehicles of the Netherlands |
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