| 词条 | Watford (UK Parliament constituency) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Watford |parliament = uk |map1 = Watford2007 |map2 = EnglandHertfordshire |map_entity = Hertfordshire |map_year = |year = 1885 |abolished = |type = Borough |elects_howmany = One |previous = Hertfordshire |next = |electorate = 80,939 (December 2010)[1] |mp = Richard Harrington |party = Conservative Party (UK)| |region = England |county = Hertfordshire |european = East of England }} Watford is a constituency{{#tag:ref|A borough constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)|group= n}} represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2010 by Richard Harrington, a member of the Conservative Party.{{#tag:ref|As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.|group= n}} HistoryBefore the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 the area was part of the three-seat constituency of Hertfordshire. Upon this act, it took up the western division of the county; however, later seats such as South West Hertfordshire, established in 1950, have reduced its reach, as settlements in those areas, and Watford itself, have grown.
The seat has been a bellwether of the national result since February 1974, and since 1945 has only voted against the winning party twice: in 1951 and 1970. Watford saw considerable Liberal Democrat opposition in 2005, achieving second place, taking many Labour votes with the Conservative candidate close behind.[2] Before the 2010 general election it was a three-way marginal seat in which local Tories, Labour supporters and Liberal Democrats aimed to garner support for their candidate. This election in Watford was won by Richard Harrington (Con) with 34.9% of the vote. The Liberal Democrats narrowly missed out on the seat with 32.4% of the vote and the defeat for Labour's candidate, Claire Ward, was a pronounced change with 26.7% of the vote.[3] In 2015, the result saw a significantly increased majority for Harrington of more than 9,000 votes over Labour, whilst the Liberal Democrats fell back to third. The 2017 election saw Labour significantly cut the Conservative majority to 2,092.
Dennis Herbert was Deputy Speaker from 1931 to 1943. Major John Freeman was only a third-tier (junior) minister in the War Office as MP. His later unusually prominent positions in diplomacy led to his being appointed a member of the Privy Council and thereby being Rt Hon as of 1966. Tristan Garel-Jones was Minister for Europe for three years of the Major ministry. Both Herbert and Garel-Jones opted as peers in later life to use Watford as the territorial designation of their peerages. Constituency profileWatford has a considerable service sector economy, with several notable headquarters, and engineering, trade-craft and distribution in its economy, however is also a commuter town to the City of London. British Waterways, J D Wetherspoon, Camelot Group, Iveco, manufacturers of commercial vehicles; part of Balfour Beatty; Bathstore, the largest bathroom retailer in the UK; construction firm Taylor Woodrow; and Mothercare are the largest of these. The borough is also the UK base of many multinationals including C. H. Robinson, Total Oil, TK Maxx, Costco, Vinci and Beko appliances. International golf tournaments such as the 2006 World Golf Championship have taken place at The Grove hotel. Workless claimants who were registered jobseekers were in November 2012 lower than the national average of 3.8%, at 3.0% of the population based on a statistical compilation by The Guardian.[4] Boundaries and boundary changes1885–1918: Parts of the Sessional Division of Watford and Dacorum.[5]The constituency was established by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 (which followed on from the Third Reform Act) as one of four Divisions of the abolished three-member Parliamentary County of Hertfordshire, and was formally named as the Western or Watford Division of Hertfordshire. It included the towns of Watford, Rickmansworth, Hemel Hempstead, Berkhamsted and Tring. 1918–1950: The Urban Districts of Bushey, Chorleywood, Rickmansworth, and Watford, and the Rural District of Watford parishes of Aldenham, Rickmansworth Rural and Watford Rural.[6][7]Aldenham transferred from St Albans. Northern half of constituency, including Hemel Hempstead, Berkhamsted and Tring transferred to the new Hemel Hempstead Division. 1950–1983: Reconstituted as a Borough Constituency comprising the Municipal Borough of Watford.[8] Remainder of the constituency formed the bulk of the new County Constituency of South West Hertfordshire. 1983–1997: The Borough of Watford, the District of Three Rivers wards of Abbots Langley and Leavesden, and the District of St Albans wards of Park Street and St Stephens.[9]Abbots Langley and Leavesden transferred from South West Hertfordshire and Park Street and St Stephens from the abolished County Constituency of South Hertfordshire. 1997–present: The Borough of Watford, and the District of Three Rivers wards of Abbots Langley, Carpenders Park, Langleybury, Leavesden, and Oxhey Hall.[10][11]Three wards further wards in the Three Rivers District transferred from South West Hertfordshire. Park Street and St Stephens transferred to St Albans. The constituency comprises the whole of the Borough of Watford, together with five wards from Three Rivers District. Two of the Three Rivers wards, Carpenders Park and Oxhey Hall, are to the south of Watford town and include mostly prosperous, elevated, commuter villages. The remaining three, Abbots Langley, Langleybury and Leavesden, are to the north of Watford, the first of which is a large village, and is mixed in character and levels of income.[12] Changes proposed for 2022The Boundary Commission for England submitted their final proposals in respect of the Sixth Periodic Review of Westminster Constituencies (the 2018 review) in September 2018. If these proposals are approved by Parliament they will reduce the total number of MPs from 650 to 600 and come into effect at the next UK general election which is due to take place in May 2022 under the terms of the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011. The Commission has recommended that Abbotts Langley and Leavesden, together with the northern-most Borough of Watford ward of Woodside, be transferred to St Albans. To partly compensate, South Oxhey, to the south of Watford, would be transferred from South West Hertfordshire.[13] Members of Parliament
ElectionsElections in the 2010s{{Election box begin | title=Next United Kingdom general election: Watford}}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Chris Ostrowski[15] |votes = |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Richard Harrington |votes = |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box majority |votes = |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box turnout |votes = |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | title=General Election 2017: Watford[16] }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Richard Harrington |votes = 26,731 |percentage = 45.6 |change = +2.2 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Chris Ostrowski |votes = 24,639 |percentage = 42.0 |change = +16.0 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Ian Stotesbury |votes = 5,335 |percentage = 9.1 |change = -9.0 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = UK Independence Party |candidate = Ian Green |votes = 1,184 |percentage = 2.0 |change = -7.7 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Green Party of England and Wales |candidate = Alex Murray |votes = 721 |percentage = 1.2 |change = -1.1 }}{{Election box majority |votes = 2,092 |percentage = 3.6 |change = -13.8 }}{{Election box turnout |votes = 58,610 |percentage = 67.8 |change = +1.2 }}{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = -6.9 }}{{Election box end}}{{see also|Opinion polling in United Kingdom constituencies, 2010–15#Watford}}{{Election box begin|title=General Election 2015: Watford[17] }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Richard Harrington |votes = 24,400 |percentage = 43.5 |change = +8.5 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Matthew Turmaine |votes = 14,606 |percentage = 26.0 |change = -0.7 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Dorothy Thornhill |votes = 10,152 |percentage = 18.1 |change = -14.3 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = UK Independence Party |candidate = Nick Lincoln |votes = 5,481 |percentage = 9.8 |change = +7.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Green Party of England and Wales |candidate = Aidan Cottrell-Boyce |votes = 1,332 |percentage = 2.4 |change = +0.8 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition |candidate = Mark O'Connor |votes = 178 |percentage = 0.3 |change = +0.3 }}{{Election box majority |votes = 9,794 |percentage = 17.4 |change = +14.8 }}{{Election box turnout |votes = 56,149 |percentage = 66.6 |change = -1.7 }}{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = 4.6}}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin|title=General Election 2010: Watford[18][19] }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Richard Harrington |votes = 19,291 |percentage = 34.9 |change = +5.3 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Sal Brinton{{#tag:ref|Candidate in the 2005 and 2010 elections, appointed to the House of Lords as Baroness Brinton, November 2010.[20]|group= n}} |votes = 17,866 |percentage = 32.4 |change = +1.1 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Claire Ward |votes = 14,750 |percentage = 26.7 |change = -6.8 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = British National Party |candidate = Andrew Emerson |votes = 1,217 |percentage = 2.2 |change = +2.2 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = UK Independence Party |candidate = Graham Eardley |votes = 1,199 |percentage = 2.2 |change = -0.4 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Green Party of England and Wales |candidate = Ian Brandon |votes = 885 |percentage = 1.6 |change = -1.4 }}{{Election box majority |votes = 1,425 |percentage = 2.6 |change = }}{{Election box turnout |votes = 55,208 |percentage = 68.3 |change = +3.4 }}{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |loser = Labour Party (UK) |swing = 6.05 }}{{Election box end}}
In July 2007 former candidate Ali Miraj, a candidate for Aberavon in 2001, was dropped from the candidates list by the Conservative party after he complained about David Cameron's leadership style and allegedly demanded a peerage.[21][22] The public selected his former campaign manager Ian Oakley, who had been a candidate for Newport East in 2001 in the first Open Primary to be organised by the Conservative Party in November 2006. In July 2008, Oakley, withdrew candidature after being arrested for conducting a campaign of harassment against the local Liberal Democrats,[23][24] for which he was convicted and given an 18-week suspended prison sentence and 12-month supervision order on 13 October 2008.[25] In December 2008 Watford Conservative Association selected a new candidate, Richard Harrington.[26] Elections in the 2000s{{Election box begin|title=General Election 2005: Watford}}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Claire Ward |votes = 16,575 |percentage = 33.6 |change = −11.7 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Sal Brinton |votes = 15,427 |percentage = 31.2 |change = +13.8 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Ali Miraj |votes = 14,634 |percentage = 29.6 |change = −3.7 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Green Party of England and Wales |candidate = Steve Rackett |votes = 1,466 |percentage = 3.0 |change = +1.1 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = UK Independence Party |candidate = Kenneth Wight |votes = 1,292 |percentage = 2.6 |change = +1.4 }}{{Election box majority |votes = 1,148 |percentage = 2.3 |change = }}{{Election box turnout |votes = 49,394 |percentage = 64.8 |change = +3.7 }}{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Labour Party (UK) |swing = -12.8 }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin|title=General Election 2001: Watford }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Claire Ward |votes = 20,992 |percentage = 45.3 |change = 0.0 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Michael McManus |votes = 15,437 |percentage = 33.3 |change = -1.5 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Duncan Hames |votes = 8,088 |percentage = 17.4 |change = +0.7 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Green Party of England and Wales |candidate = Denise Kingsley |votes = 900 |percentage = 1.9 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = UK Independence Party |candidate = Edmund Stewart-Mole |votes = 535 |percentage = 1.2 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Socialist Alliance (England) |candidate = Jon Berry |votes = 420 |percentage = 0.9 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority |votes = 5,555 |percentage = 12.0 |change = }}{{Election box turnout |votes = 46,372 |percentage = 61.1 |change = -13.5 }}{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Labour Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1990s{{Election box begin|title=General Election 1997: Watford[27]}}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Claire Ward |votes = 25,109 |percentage = 45.3 |change = +11.3 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Robert Gordon |votes = 19,227 |percentage = 34.8 |change = -13.3 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Andrew Canning |votes = 9,272 |percentage = 16.8 |change = +0.0 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Referendum Party |candidate = Philip Roe |votes = 1,484 |percentage = 2.7 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Natural Law Party |candidate = Leslie Davis |votes = 234 |percentage = 0.4 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority |votes = 5,792 |percentage = 10.5 |change = }}{{Election box turnout |votes = 55,236 |percentage = 74.6 |change = }}{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Labour Party (UK) |loser = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin|title=General Election 1992: Watford[28] }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Tristan Garel-Jones |votes = 29,072 |percentage = 48.8 |change = +0.1 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Michael J. Jackson |votes = 19,482 |percentage = 32.7 |change = +4.5 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Mark Oaten |votes = 10,231 |percentage = 17.2 |change = −5.9 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Green Party of England and Wales |candidate = Jeremy Hywel-Davies |votes = 566 |percentage = 1.0 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Natural Law Party |candidate = Leslie Davis |votes = 176 |percentage = 0.3 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority |votes = 9,590 |percentage = 16.1 |change = −4.4 }}{{Election box turnout |votes = 59,527 |percentage = 82.3 |change = +4.4 }}{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = −2.2 }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1980s{{Election box begin|title=General Election 1987: Watford}}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Tristan Garel-Jones |votes = 27,912 |percentage = 48.7 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Michael Jackson |votes = 16,176 |percentage = 28.2 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Social Democratic Party (UK) |candidate = Fiona Beckett |votes = 13,202 |percentage = 23.1 |change = }}{{Election box majority |votes = 11,736 |percentage = 20.5 |change = }}{{Election box turnout |votes = |percentage = 77.9 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin|title=General Election 1983: Watford }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Tristan Garel-Jones |votes = 26,273 |percentage = 47.95 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Social Democratic Party (UK) |candidate = P. Burton |votes = 14,267 |percentage = 26.04 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = I. Wilson |votes = 14,247 |percentage = 26.00 |change = }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 12,006 |percentage = 21.91 |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = 76.10 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1970s{{Election box begin|title=General Election 1979: Watford[29]}}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Tristan Garel-Jones |votes = 21,320 |percentage = 47.64 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Tony Banks |votes = 18,030 |percentage = 40.28 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = B Bodle |votes = 5,019 |percentage = 11.21 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = National Front (UK) |candidate = Brent Cheetham |votes = 388 |percentage = 0.87 |change = }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 3,290 |percentage = 7.35 |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 44,757 |percentage = 81.26 |change = }}{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |loser = Labour Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin|title=General Election October 1974: Watford[30] }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Raphael Tuck |votes = 19,177 |percentage = 44.28 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Tristan Garel-Jones |votes = 15,220 |percentage = 35.14 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Anthony Jacobs |votes = 8,243 |percentage = 19.03 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = National Front (UK) |candidate = Jeremy Wotherspoon |votes = 671 |percentage = 1.55 |change = }}{{Election box majority |votes = 3,957 |percentage = 9.14 |change = }}{{Election box turnout |votes = |percentage = 77.3 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Labour Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin|title=General Election February 1974: Watford[31] }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Raphael Tuck |votes = 18,884 |percentage = 40.47 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = David W. Clarke |votes = 16,089 |percentage = 34.48 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = David Jacobs |votes = 11,035 |percentage = 23.65 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = National Front (UK) |candidate = Jeremy Wotherspoon |votes = 651 |percentage = 1.4 |change = }}{{Election box majority |votes = 2,795 |percentage = 5.99 |change = }}{{Election box turnout |votes = |percentage = 85 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Labour Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin|title=General Election 1970: Watford }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Raphael Tuck |votes = 19,698 |percentage = 45.71 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = David W. Clarke |votes = 19,622 |percentage = 45.53 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Colin G. Watkins |votes = 3,778 |percentage = 8.77 |change = }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 76 |percentage = 0.18 |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = 75.44 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Labour Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1960s{{Election box begin|title=General Election 1966: Watford}}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Raphael Tuck |votes = 23,832 |percentage = 54.38 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = David W. Clarke |votes = 19,996 |percentage = 45.62 |change = }}{{Election box majority |votes = 3,836 |percentage = 8.75 |change = }}{{Election box turnout |votes = |percentage = 82.87 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Labour Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin|title=General Election 1964: Watford }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Raphael Tuck |votes = 20,224 |percentage = 45.18 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Frederick Farey-Jones |votes = 18,744 |percentage = 41.87 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Margaret Neilson |votes = 5,797 |percentage = 12.95 |change = }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 1,480 |percentage = 3.31 |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = 83.61 |change = }}{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Labour Party (UK) |loser = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1950s{{Election box begin|title=General Election 1959: Watford}}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Frederick Farey-Jones |votes = 21,216 |percentage = 46.85 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Renee Short |votes = 18,315 |percentage = 40.44 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Ian S. Steers |votes = 5,753 |percentage = 12.70 |change = }}{{Election box majority |votes = 2,901 |percentage = 6.41 |change = }}{{Election box turnout |votes = |percentage = 84.82 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin|title=General Election 1955: Watford }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Frederick Farey-Jones |votes = 22,546 |percentage = 51.98 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Ashley Bramall |votes = 20,829 |percentage = 48.02 |change = }}{{Election box majority |votes = 1,717 |percentage = 3.96 |change = }}{{Election box turnout |votes = |percentage = 82.36 |change = }}{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |loser = Labour Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin|title=General Election 1951: Watford }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = John Freeman |votes = 22,370 |percentage = 47.90 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Sydney William Leonard Ripley |votes = 21,862 |percentage = 46.81 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Hamilton Brinsley Bush |votes = 2,469 |percentage = 5.29 |change = }}{{Election box majority |votes = 508 |percentage = 1.09 |change = }}{{Election box turnout |votes = |percentage = 87.18 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Labour Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin|title=General Election 1950: Watford }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = John Freeman |votes = 21,759 |percentage = 47.36 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Max Bemrose |votes = 20,302 |percentage = 44.19 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Hamilton Brinsley Bush |votes = 3,879 |percentage = 8.44 |change = }}{{Election box majority |votes = 1,457 |percentage = 3.17 |change = }}{{Election box turnout |votes = |percentage = 87.14 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Labour Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1940s{{Election box begin|title=General Election 1945: Watford}}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = John Freeman |votes = 32,138 |percentage = 46.03 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = William Helmore |votes = 29,944 |percentage = 42.88 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Henry Harben |votes = 7,743 |percentage = 11.09 |change = }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 2,194 |percentage = 3.14 |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = 73.40 |change = }}{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Labour Party (UK) |loser = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title= Watford by-election, 1943[32] }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = William Helmore |votes = 13,839 |percentage = 53.9 |change = -11.5 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Common Wealth Party |candidate = Raymond Blackburn |votes = 11,838 |percentage = 46.1 |change = n/a }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 2,001 |percentage = 7.8 |change = -23.0 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = 38.0 |change = +25.6 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = n/a }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1930s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 1935: Watford }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Dennis Herbert |votes = 28,196 |percentage = 65.42 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Stanley Walter Morgan |votes = 14,906 |percentage = 34.58 |change = }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 13,290 |percentage = 30.83 |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = 63.55 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election 1931: Watford }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Dennis Herbert |votes = 34,076 |percentage = 78.34 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Frank Mortimer Jacques |votes = 9,423 |percentage = 21.66 |change = }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 24,653 |percentage = 56.67 |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = 71.01 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1920s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 1929: Watford[33] }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Unionist Party (UK) |candidate = Dennis Herbert |votes = 18,583 |percentage = 45.9 |change = -8.8 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Edward Terrell |votes = 12,288 |percentage = 30.3 |change = +11.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Herman Macdonald |votes = 9,665 |percentage = 23.8 |change = -2.8 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 6,295 |percentage = 15.6 |change = -12.5 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = 72.4 |change = -0.7 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Unionist Party (UK) |swing = -10.2 }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election 1924: Watford[34] }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Unionist Party (UK) |candidate = Dennis Herbert |votes = 15,271 |percentage = 54.7 |change = +11.7 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Herbert Elvin |votes = 7,417 |percentage = 26.6 |change = -4.2 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Margery Corbett Ashby |votes = 5,205 |percentage = 18.7 |change = -7.5 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 7,854 |percentage = 28.1 |change = +15.9 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = 73.1 |change = +4.6 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Unionist Party (UK) |swing = +8.0 }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election 1923: Watford[33] }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Unionist Party (UK) |candidate = Dennis Herbert |votes = 10,533 |percentage = 43.0 |change = -6.2 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Jimmy Mallon |votes = 7,532 |percentage = 30.8 |change = -4.1 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Robert Allen Bateman |votes = 6,423 |percentage = 26.2 |change = +10.3 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 3,001 |percentage = 12.2 |change = -2.1 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = 68.5 |change = -0.5 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Unionist Party (UK) |swing = -1.0 }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election 1922 : Watford[33] }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Unionist Party (UK) |candidate = Dennis Herbert |votes = 12,040 |percentage = 49.2 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Jimmy Mallon |votes = 8,561 |percentage = 34.9 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Robert Allen Bateman |votes = 3,896 |percentage = 15.9 |change = }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 3,479 |percentage = 14.3 |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = 69.0 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Unionist Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1910s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 1918 Watford[33] }}{{Election box candidate with party link coalition 1918| |party = Unionist Party (UK) |candidate = Dennis Herbert |votes = 11,155 |percentage = 57.2 |change = n/a }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = George Lathan |votes = 4,952 |percentage = 25.4 |change = n/a }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Frank Gray |votes = 3,395 |percentage = 17.4 |change = n/a }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 6,203 |percentage = 31.8 |change = n/a }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = 59.5 |change = n/a }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Unionist Party (UK) |swing = n/a }}{{Election box end 1918}} Election results 1885–1918Elections in the 1880s{{Election box begin|title=General Election 1885: Watford[35][36][37]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Frederick Halsey |votes=4,032 |percentage=52.1 |change=N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Liberal Party (UK) |candidate=George Faudel Phillips |votes=3,712 |percentage=47.9 |change=N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes=320 |percentage=4.2 |change=N/A }}{{Election box turnout| |votes=7,744 |percentage=77.2 |change=N/A }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 10,029 }}{{Election box new seat win |winner=Conservative Party (UK) |swing= }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin|title=General Election 1886: Watford[35][36] }}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Frederick Halsey }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1890s{{Election box begin|title=General Election 1892: Watford[35][36]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Frederick Halsey |votes=4,802 |percentage=57.0 |change=N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Liberal Party (UK) |candidate=John Marnham |votes=3,627 |percentage=43.0 |change=N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes=1,175 |percentage=14.0 |change=N/A }}{{Election box turnout| |votes=8,429 |percentage=76.4 |change=N/A }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 11,037 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) |swing=N/A }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin|title=General Election 1895: Watford[35][36][38] }}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Frederick Halsey }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1900s{{Election box begin|title=General Election 1900: Watford[35][36][38]}}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Frederick Halsey }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin|title=General Election 1906: Watford[35][36][39] }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Liberal Party (UK) |candidate=Nathaniel Micklem |votes=7,612 |percentage=55.4 |change=N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Frederick Halsey |votes=6,136 |percentage=44.6 |change=N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes=1,476 |percentage=10.8 |change=N/A }}{{Election box turnout| |votes=13,748 |percentage=82.1 |change=N/A }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 16,741 }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner=Liberal Party (UK) |loser=Conservative Party (UK) |swing=N/A }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1910s{{Election box begin||title=General Election January 1910: Watford[35][40] }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Arnold Ward |votes=8,782 |percentage=54.8 |change=+10.2 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Liberal Party (UK) |candidate=Nathaniel Micklem |votes=7,231 |percentage=45.2 |change=-10.2 }}{{Election box majority| |votes=1,551 |percentage=9.6 |change=20.4 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes= |percentage=90.4 |change=+8.3 }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) |loser=Liberal Party (UK) |swing=+10.2 }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=General Election December 1910: Watford[35][40] }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Conservative Party (UK) |candidate=Arnold Ward |votes=8,043 |percentage=52.9 |change=-1.9 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Liberal Party (UK) |candidate=Nathaniel Micklem |votes=7,160 |percentage=47.1 |change=+1.9 }}{{Election box majority| |votes=883 |percentage=5.8 |change=-3.8 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes= |percentage=85.8 |change=-4.6 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner=Conservative Party (UK) |swing=-1.9 }}{{Election box end}} General Election 1914/15: Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;
See also
Notes and references
1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.boundarycommissionforengland.org.uk/electoral-figures/electoral-figures.htm|title=Electorate Figures - Boundary Commission for England|date=4 March 2011|work=2011 Electorate Figures|publisher=Boundary Commission for England|accessdate=13 March 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101106204053/http://www.boundarycommissionforengland.org.uk/electoral-figures/electoral-figures.htm|archivedate=6 November 2010|df=}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/beds/bucks/herts/8052152.stm|title=First electoral test for councils|author=Deborah McGurran|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=21 December 2009|date=15 May 2009}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/election2010/results/constituency/e96.stm|title=BBC News - Election 2010 - Constituency - Watford|website=news.bbc.co.uk}} 4. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2010/nov/17/unemployment-and-employment-statistics-economics Unemployment claimants by constituency] The Guardian 5. ^{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/publicgeneralac01walegoog|title=The public general acts|last=Great Britain|first=Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and Wales|publisher=Proprietors of the Law Journal Reports, 1884|others=unknown library|language=English}} 6. ^{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/representationof00frasrich|title=The Representation of the people act, 1918 : with explanatory notes|last=Fraser|first=Hugh|date=1918|publisher=London : Sweet and Maxwell|others=University of California Libraries}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/maps/sheet/bc_reports_1917/Hertford_1917|title=H.M.S.O. Boundary Commission Report 1917, Hertford|website=www.visionofbritain.org.uk|access-date=2019-02-24}} 8. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/539011|title=Boundaries of parliamentary constituencies 1885-1972;|last=S.|first=Craig, Fred W.|date=1972|publisher=Political Reference Publications|isbn=0900178094|location=Chichester,|oclc=539011}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1983/417/contents/made/data.htm|title=The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1983|website=www.legislation.gov.uk|access-date=2019-02-24}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1995/1626/made/data.htm|title=The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1995|website=www.legislation.gov.uk|language=en|access-date=2019-02-24}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2007/1681/made/data.htm|title=The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 2007|website=www.legislation.gov.uk|access-date=2019-02-24}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk|title=Local statistics - Office for National Statistics|website=neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.bce2018.org.uk/publications|title=Final recommendations report|last=Boundary Commission for England, 2018 Review, Associated consultation documents|first=|date=September 2018|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 14. ^{{Rayment-hc|w|2|date=March 2012}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://labourlist.org/2018/01/who-have-labour-members-picked-to-fight-its-general-election-target-seats/|title=Who have Labour members picked to fight the general election target seats? - LabourList|date=29 January 2018|publisher=}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/constituencies/E14001021|title=Election 2017 - Watford|publisher=BBC|access-date=12 June 2017}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=Election Data 2015|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2015.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|accessdate=17 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017112223/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2015.txt|archivedate=17 October 2015}} 18. ^Watford, UKPollingReport 19. ^Statement of Persons Nominated and Notice of Poll - Parliamentary Election 6 May 2010 : Watford Council 20. ^{{cite news|last=Bowcott|first=Owen|title=Party donors and political apparatchiks appointed working peers|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/nov/19/party-donors-working-peers-house-of-lords|accessdate=19 November 2010|newspaper=The Guardian|date=19 November 2010}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6924988.stm|title=Cameron critic axed as MP hopeful|date=31 July 2007|publisher=|via=news.bbc.co.uk}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/politics/domestic_politics/ali+miraj+interview+transcript/641967|title=Channel 4 News interview transcript|publisher=}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/conservative/2309794/Arrested-Conservative-candidate-for-Watford-stands-down.html|title=Arrested Conservative candidate for Watford stands down|first=Andrew Porter, Political|last=Editor|date=20 July 2008|publisher=|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/news/3546069.Police_charge_Oakley/|title=Police charge Oakley|website=Watford Observer}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/news/3752840.Tory_Oakley_escapes_jail/|title='Vile' Oakley escapes jail|website=Watford Observer}} 26. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/search/3985475.Tory_candidate___I_m_confident_of_victory_/|title=Tory candidate: 'I'm confident of victory'|last=Harrison|first=John|date=2008-12-17|publisher=Watford Observer|accessdate=2009-04-08}} 27. ^http://www.watford.gov.uk/ccm/content/legal-and-democratic/elections/election-results---parliamentary-1-may-1997.en;jsessionid=771DB6CCAFC9B7F2327986A3325099EB 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge92/i21.htm|title=UK General Election results April 1992|date=9 April 1992|work=Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources|publisher=Politics Resources|accessdate=2010-12-06}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge79/i20.htm|title=UK General Election results: May 1979 [Archive]|website=www.politicsresources.net}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/area/uk/ge74b/i20.htm|title=Political Science Resources: links to UK and US politics|website=www.psr.keele.ac.uk}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/area/uk/ge74a/i20.htm|title=Political Science Resources: links to UK and US politics|website=www.psr.keele.ac.uk}} 32. ^British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig 33. ^1 2 3 Craig, F. W. S. (1983). British parliamentary election results 1918-1949 (3 ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. {{ISBN|0-900178-06-X}}. 34. ^British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, F W S Craig 35. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book|editor1-last=Craig|editor1-first=F. W. S.|editor-link=F. W. S. Craig|title=British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918|date=1974|publisher=Macmillan Press|location=London|isbn=9781349022984|page=298}} 36. ^1 2 3 4 5 The Liberal Year Book, 1907 37. ^Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1886 38. ^1 Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901 39. ^The Times, 25 January 1906 40. ^1 Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916 41. ^Manchester Evening News 31 Jan 1914
4 : Parliamentary constituencies in Hertfordshire|United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies established in 1885|Politics of Watford|Politics of Three Rivers District |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。