| 词条 | Azad Kashmiri diaspora |
| 释义 |
The Azad Kashmiri diaspora is the people who migrated out of Azad Kashmir to other areas and countries as well as their descendants. PakistanMany Azad Kashmiris have moved to Pakistan, chiefly to Punjab, Sindh (particularly Karachi) and Islamabad Capital Territory.[1][2][3] United Kingdom{{see also|British Mirpuri community}}The United Kingdom is home to one of the largest Mirpuri diasporic populations. Towards the end of the 19th century, Mirpuris started taking jobs as stokers on ships of the British Merchant Navy and acquired an understanding of global employment opportunities. When Britain faced labour shortages after World War II, the Mirpuri seamen settled down to work in Britain, starting a process of chain migration.[4] A second impetus to immigration came with the construction of the Mangla Dam in the Mirpur district, in the 1960s. The dam submerged Mirpur's most fertile land as well as the city of Mirpur and hundreds of villages. The displaced people used their connections with the Mirpuris in Britain to find employment and emigrate.[5] The Pakistani government also helped the immigration of 5,000 people.[6] Before the 1990s, most British Mirpuris called themselves "Mirpuris" or "Pakistanis". Scholar Alexander Evans states that Pakistanis tended to look down upon Mirpuris as being hill people, with little culture. In the 1990s, activists belonging to the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front launched a Kashmir National Identity Campaign and successfully lobbied the British Parliament to get their "Kashmiri" ethnicity officially recognised. The Valley Kashmiris in Britain maintain that they are "Kashmiris" and that the Mirpuris are "nouveaux Kashmiris".[7] See also{{Portal|Azad Kashmir}}
References1. ^{{cite book|author=P. Akhtar|title=British Muslim Politics: Examining Pakistani Biraderi Networks|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lTohAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA32|date=9 October 2013|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-1-137-27516-5|pages=32–}} 2. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/136350-Kashmiris-in-Sindh-to-vote-for-two-AJK-seats-today|title=Kashmiris in Sindh to vote for two AJK seats today|work=The News|date=21 July 2016|accessdate=22 May 2017|first=Zia Ur|last=Rehman}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=MIGRANT POPULATION BY PLACE OF BIRTH |author=Population Census Organization, Govt. of Pakistan |url=http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/statistics/other_tables/migrant.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113175441/http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/statistics/other_tables/migrant.pdf |archivedate=2010-11-13 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite journal |title=Kashmir Crisis: View from Mirpur |first=Roger |last=Ballard |url=https://casas.org.uk/papers/pdfpapers/kashmir.pdf |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=26 |number=9/10 |date= 2 March 1991 |pp=513-517 |JSTOR=4397403}} 5. ^{{citation |last=Ballard |first=Roger |chapter=The South Asian presence in Britain and its transnational connections |title=Culture and economy in the Indian diaspora |year=2003 |pp=197-222 |chapter-url=http://crossasia-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/250/1/southasianbritain.pdf}} 6. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K_pGGU0cOT4C&pg=PA30&dq=Mangla+Dam+and+immigration+5,000 |title=Kinship and continuity: Pakistani families in Britain |publisher= Routledge |p=30 |accessdate=2010-04-27 |isbn=978-90-5823-076-8 |year=2000}} 7. ^{{cite journal |first=Alexander |last=Evans |year=2005 |title=Kashmir: a tale of two valleys |journal=Asian Affairs |volume=36 |number=1 |pp=35-47 |DOI=10.1080/03068370500038989 |subscription=yes}} External links
3 : Kashmir|Azad Kashmiri diaspora|Pakistani diaspora |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。