| 词条 | Web usability |
| 释义 |
}}Web usability website.[1] Some broad goals of usability are the presentation of information and choices in a clear and concise way, a lack of ambiguity and the placement of important items in appropriate areas. Another important element of web usability is ensuring that the content works on various devices and browsers.[2] Web Usability definition and components[3]Web Usability includes a small learning curve, easy content exploration, findability, task efficiency, user satisfaction, and automation. These new components of usability are due to the evolution of the Web and personal devices. Examples: automation: autofill, databases, personal account; efficiency: voice command (Siri, Alexa,...etc); findability. The number of websites has reached four billion; with good usability, users can find what they are looking for quickly. With the wide spread of mobile devices and wireless internet access, companies are now able to reach a global market with users of all nationalities. It is important for websites to be usable regardless of users' language and culture. Most users conduct their personal business online: banking, studying, errands, etc., which has enabled people with disabilities to be independent. Websites also need to be accessible for those users. The goal of Web usability is to provide user experience satisfaction by minimizing the time it takes to the user to learn new functionality and page navigation system, allowing the user to accomplish a task efficiently without major roadblocks, providing the user easy ways to overcome roadblocks, and fixing errors and re-adapting to the website or application system and functionality with minimum effort. Ergonomic Requirement Approach[4]According to ISO 9241(Ergonomic Requirements for Office Work with Visual Display Terminals), usability is "the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use". Therefore, web usability can be defined as the ability of Web applications to support web-related tasks with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. Effectiveness represents accuracy and completeness when users achieve a specified goal. Efficiency is resource cost in relation to the accuracy and completeness. Satisfaction is the comfort and acceptability of use. ADA Compliance and Web UsabilityWeb sites and application should be made usable for all users.[https://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-WCAG20-20081211/#intro-layers-guidance ADA compliance] play a major part in web usability[5] a seamless and satisfying experience.[6] Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990}. Mobile UsabilityWith so many different mobile devices (screen size, make,..), it is crucial to consider how the users accomplish their task on a small screen. Web usability components should be met for the mobile device[7]. The users should be awarded with the same feeling of satisfaction and accomplishment as if they had used a desktop or laptop. [https://www.nngroup.com/books/mobile-usability/ - See also "Mobile Usability" by Jacob Nielsen] Usability for Multilingual WebsitesMultilingual websites should offer the same experience to the users, regardless of the website being in english, German, or Japanese[8]. Websites should render the same way in all languages and all devices. UI Alterations because the language and characters used should still provide the different components of usability[9]. Web Usability CriteriaNielson's 10 heuristicsJakob Nielsen's heuristics are widely adopted in Interface Design. It provides expert reviewers a set of principles to discover usability problems and then categorize and rate them in a quick way. This set of heuristics includes Visibility of system status, Match between system and the real world and so on. Web Content Accessibility GuidelinesW3C, the main international standards organization for the Internet, released its guidelines on Web accessibility issues[10]. For WCAG2.0, there are 12 guidelines follow 4 principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable and Robust. W3C also provides a detailed checklist for this set of guidelines[11]. Universal Usability ChallengesTo attain universal usability for Web-based services, designers and developers should take technology variety, user diversity and gaps in user knowledge into consideration.[12] Technology variety arises from a broad range of hardware, software, and network access. People are using different hardware and software to access web services. For example, reading a document with smartphone doc reader is different from opening this document with Microsoft Office on a laptop. Also, opening a webpage with 100KB/s bandwidth may lead to failure when it’s designed for 2MB/s. Ensuring usability of different platforms can be challenging. User diversity influenced by many factors, including culture, personality, age, gender, race, ethnicity, disabilities, literacy, income, skills and knowledge. Considering the need of different groups is providing access to more people. For example, providing strong contrast mode for people with color weakness will help those people utilize the web service. Universal usability means not only meet users’current needs, but also build ladders for users to enjoy more features of web services in the future. This gap in user knowledge can be filled with training section, help desk, discuss group and so on. Designers should be aware of the need of extra help. Usability TestingUsability testing is evaluating the different components of web usability (learnability, efficiency, memorability, errors and satisfaction) by watching the users accomplishing their task. Usability testing allows to uncover the roadblocks and errors users encounter while accomplishing a task. Evaluation MethodsAs more results of usability research become available, this leads to the development of methodologies for enhancing web usability.[13] There are a number of usability testing tools available in the market.
E-commerceIn the context of e-commerce websites, the meaning of web-usability is narrowed down to efficiency: triggering sales and/or performing other transactions valuable to the business. Web usability received renewed attention as many early e-commerce websites started failing in 2000. Whereas fancy graphical design had been regarded as indispensable for a successful e-business application during the emergence of internet in the 1990s, web-usability protagonists said quite the reverse was true. They advocated the KISS principle (keep it simple, stupid), which had proven to be effective in focusing end-user attention. See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20030825.html|title=Usability 101: Introduction to Usability. Alertbox: Current Issues in Web Usability|last=Nielsen|first=Jakob|date=August 2003}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://bosmol.com/2014/02/website-usability-virtual-elephants-of-the-internet-room.html#.U3qrqc8RC4Q|title=Website Usability: Virtual Elephants of the Internet Room|author=Leibowitz. Brandon|date=21 February 2014|publisher=Bosmol Social Media News|accessdate=19 May 2014}} 3. ^{{cite web|last1=DA SIE|first1=Chris|title=5 Components Of Usability|url=http://www.chrisdasie.com/myposts/5-components-of-usability|website=www.chrisDasie.com|accessdate=13 December 2017}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Matera|first1=Maristella|last2=Rizzo|first2=Francesca|last3=Carughi|first3=Giovanni Toffetti|title=Web Usability: Principles and Evaluation Methods|journal=Web Engineering|date=2006|pages=143–180|doi=10.1007/3-540-28218-1_5|language=en|isbn=978-3-540-28196-2|citeseerx=10.1.1.462.3115}} 5. ^{{cite web|last1=Nielsen|first1=Jacob|title=Accessible Design for Users With Desiabilities|url=https://www.nngroup.com/articles/accessible-design-for-users-with-disabilities|website=Nielsen Norman Group|publisher=Nielsen Norman Group|accessdate=13 December 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Accessability|url=https://www.w3.org/standards/webdesign/accessibility|website=W3C|accessdate=13 December 2017}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Nielsen|first1=Jacob|last2=Budiu|first2=Raluca|title=Mobile Usability|publisher=Peachpit|url=http://www.peachpit.com/store/mobile-usabitlity-9780321884480|accessdate=13 December 2017}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Cyr|first1=Dianne|last2=Trevor-Smith|first2=Haizley|title=Localization of Web design: An empirical comparison of German, Japanese, and United States Web site characteristics|journal=Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology|volume=55|date=2004|issue=13|pages=1199–1208|doi=10.1002/asi.20075}} 9. ^{{cite web|last1=Nielsen|first1=Jacob|title=International Usability: Big Stuff the Same, Details Differ|url=https://www.nngroup.com/articles/international-usability-details-differ|website=nngroup.com}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=WCAG 2.0 at a Glance ◦ Web Accessibility Initiative ◦ W3C|url=https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/glance/|website=W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=How to Meet WCAG 2.0|url=https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/quickref/|website=www.w3.org|language=en}} 12. ^{{cite journal|last1=Shneiderman|first1=Ben|title=Universal Usability|journal=Commun. ACM|date=2000|volume=43|issue=5|pages=84–91|doi=10.1145/332833.332843|issn=0001-0782}} 13. ^{{cite web|publisher=GOSS Interactive|date=October 2011|title= Conducting a website review and implementing results for increased customer engagement and conversions|url=http://www.gossinteractive.com/community/whitepapers/conducting-a-website-review-and-implementing-results-for-increased-customer-engagement-and-conversions}} External links
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